SUB-SAHARA AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCE (SJPAS)
VOL 21 (9) SEPTEMBER, 2021 ISSN: 2318-9315
Published by:
Sub-Sahara African Academic Research Publications,
Centre for African Development Studies, University of Ibadan,
P. O. Box 10108, U. I. Post Office. Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria, West-Africa.
Email: ssaapublications@gmail.com
PAPERS:
ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION AND RAILWAY ROUTES CONSTRUCTION
TAIWO JANET FOLASADE; ABUBAKAR AMINU MUA’ZU; HAMISU MUSA; ODOK MARSHAL; & MAMUDA BALA
Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences. Umaru Musa Yar’adua University Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria
Abstract
Effective transportation system has an extensive role in shaping the development and environment of any country, as its impact on life and societal productivity cannot be underestimated nor overemphasized since it determines advancement of such country. For this reason, optimization of transportation system is essential for the successful progression of any nation state. This paper sought to assess if there is any relationship between Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and railway routes system optimization. An enhanced ACO algorithm called Bio-inspired Railway Route Optimization System (BiRROS) was developed and simulated in a programming environment. The results obtained from the experiments conducted shows that relationship thus exists between ACO and railway system route optimization, as the performance of ACO was exceptional and is much faster in overcoming the delay encountered by passengers’ train with travel time and distance covered by each train minimized on the selected axis. Hence, we conclude that the proposed BiRROS is capable of producing alternative paths.
Keywords: Ant Colony Optimization, Railway Routes System Optimization, Bio-inspired routes optimization, ACO, Bio-inspired optimization techniques
PREDICTION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE WITH EXTRA TREE CLASSIFIER FEATURE SELECTION TECHNIQUE
ILIYAS IBRAHIM ILIYAS1; ADATI ELKANAH CHARI2; ANDRA UMORU3; & ADAMU ABDULLAHI GABRA4
1,3Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Borno State. 2Department of General Studies, federal College of Education, Yola. 4Faculty of Engineering, School of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudia,
ABSTRACT
The Kidney is an organ in the body that removes unwanted Substances from the blood circulating in our body. When it stops functioning, the blood circulates with its waste, causing the disease to the body. Data mining is gradually becoming more prevalent nowadays in healthcare and fraud, Abuse detection, etc. The Kidney is essential for the filtering and purification process of human blood. Death is imminent and inevitable within few days without at least one functioning Kidney. Ignoring kidney malfunction can cause kidney disease leading to death. Prediction of kidney disease can be made efficiently with the feature selection technique. It can be achieved with the assistance of the Attribute selection method. This is achieved by removing the features/attributes of less importance and selecting the critical attribute present in the dataset. Ignoring to do so can affect the model’s performance, consumed time, and be expensive. This study aims to predict Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) with Deep Neural Network (DNN), Random Forest (RF), Naïve Bayes (NB), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). We apply the use of Extra Tree-Based Classifier to identify rankings of the attributes in our dataset and only choose 12 attributes and apply the machine learning techniques to predict CKD and the accuracy of the selected methods. Our study DNN has surpassed RF, NB, and SVM in terms of accuracy with 99%.
Keywords: Deep Neural Network, Extra Trees Classifier, Chronic Kidney Disease, Machine learning
CONTROLLING THE SPREAD OF MALARIA: A MATHEMATICAL MODELLING APPROACH
BAWA, M.1, YUSUF, I.2 AND MAYAKI, Z.I3
1Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai, Nigeria. 2Department of Computer Science, Niger State College of Education, Minna, Nigeria. 3Department of Mathematics, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
A mathematical model for the transmission dynamics and control of Malaria was developed incorporating the impact of vaccination, standard incidence function, mass treatment and insecticide treatment controls. The effective reproduction number was obtained and used to find the best strategy for curbing transmission of the disease. Using Nigerian demographic data, numerical simulations revealed that having a vaccination rate of 50%, insecticide control rate of 25% and a 75% mass treatment control rate, the morbidity of infected humans that are vaccinated will drop significantly to the disease-free equilibrium in less than 10 days while infected humans that are not vaccinated will drop to the disease-free equilibrium in the first 60 days.
Keywords: Disease-free equilibrium, effective reproduction number, vaccination
OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS’ PROFILES IN MCF-7 (BREAST CANCER) CELL-LINE TREATED WITH DOXORUBICIN LOADED ARAGONITE-CALCIUM CARBONATE NANOPARTICLES
*HAMIDU AHMED & **ZUKI ABU BAKAR
*Laboratory Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia [Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal Polytechnic Mubi]. **Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 434000 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Abstract:
This study was undertaken to investigate the mode of interaction of Doxorubicin Loaded Aragonite Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles with tumoral MCF-7 cell lines, in order to understand the effect of these agents on cell organic molecules. Cockle shells, Acridine Orange, Propidium iodine Fetal bovine serum, tetrazolium bromide dye, antibiotics combination, Phosphate buffered saline, Doxorubicin hydrochloride, intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Assay kit Superoxide dismutase, Hydrogen peroxide assay kit, Total Glutathione and Catalase activity assay kit were all used in the study. The results of the investigation indicate that treatment of MCF-7 cells with DOX-Ar-CC-NPs and DOX exhibited a dose-dependent effect on cell viability. The ability of DOX-NPs to induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells was confirmed; indicting the high potency of Aragonite Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles in drug delivery.
Keywords: Oxidative stress; Doxorubicin; Nanoparticle; aragonite-calcium carbonate; Breast cancer; Cockle shell.
GEOLOGICAL MAPPING OF DIFFERENT ROCKS UNITS IN BOKOKO AREA, KEFFI LGA, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
HASSAN A. MOHAMMED1, ILIYASU M. ANZAKU2, ANYAKU D. OVYE3 , NASIRU UMARU4
1Department of Geology, School of Physical Science, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State. 2Department of Science, School of Continuing Education, Bayero University, Kano. 3&4Department of Geography, Faculty of Environmental Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria.
Abstract
An independent geologic field mapping of the area around Bokoko, part of Keffi Sheet 208NE, which covered an area extent of about 25Km2 was carried out on a scale of 1:12,500. The area lies within Latitudes: 8047′25″N and 8050′10″N, and longitudes 7057′15″E and 8000’00″E. The research was aimed at producing a geologic map of the study area such that it will contribute to knowledge and better understanding of the regional geology of Nigeria. Method of study involved field work to identify mappable rock units as well as structural features. Petrographic analysis was done to identify megascopic and microscopic properties of the rocks so as to ascertain the identities of these rocks. The different rocks identified in the study area are granite-gneiss, banded gneiss and schist. Structures such as joint, quartz vein and foliation were observed. The rose plot of these structures revealed that foliation is trending NE-SW while joints and quartz veins had various trend. Economic minerals in the study area include; construction materials such as granite and sand, and industrial minerals such as quartz, mica and feldspar.
Keywords: Geological, Mapping, Rocks, Unit, Topography, Minerals.
INTRINSIC GROWTH RATE AND CUMMULATIVE RATE OF EMISSION OF TOXICANTS OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL-ECOLOGICAL INTERACTION: A MODEL INVESTIGATION
*GEORGE, ISOBEYE; & **CHUKWUKA, GOODNESS IFEOMA
*Department of Mathematics/Statistics, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt. **Federal Polytechnic of Oil and Gas, Bonny Island, Rivers State
Abstract
In this study, stability analysis of a mathematical model of an environmental-ecological interaction, using a computational approach, was considered. A continuous dynamical system of nonlinear first-order ordinary differential equations was used in the simulation. The stability theory of nonlinear differential equations was applied to analyse and predict the behaviour of the system. It was assumed that the competing species and their resources are affected by pollutants emitted into the environment from different sources. Steady-state solutions were obtained and were characterized using linearization method. The stability analysis of steady-state solutions of the system was considered and then the impact of the intrinsic growth rate and the cumulative rate of emission of the same toxicant on the stability of the dynamical system was evaluated, using a computational approach. The result shows that irrespective of the variation of the intrinsic growth rate, , the stability of the system would depend on the cumulative rate of emission of the same toxicant, Q, into the environment from different sources.
Keywords: Intrinsic growth rate, interaction, cumulative rate of emission, toxicants, stability, model investigation.
IMPACT OF WEATHER VARIABILITY ON COVID-19 TRANSMISSION AND MORTALITY IN NIGERIA
GARBA UMAR
Department of Geography, Faculty of Environmental Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi
Abstract
The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic with more than 4 million confirmed cases and over 280,000 confirmed deaths worldwide. Evidence exists on the influence of temperature and humidity on the transmission of related infectious respiratory diseases, such as influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). This study therefore explored the effects of daily temperature and humidity on COVID-19 transmission and mortality in Nigeria, the epicenter of COVID-19 in Nigeria. Correlation analysis was performed using incidence data on COVID-19 and meteorological data for the corresponding periods from 9th March to 12th May, 2020. Our results showed that atmospheric temperature has a significant weak negative correlation with COVID-19 transmission in Nigeria. Also, a significant weak negative correlation was found to exist between temperature and cumulative mortality. The strength of the relationship between temperature and the disease incidence increased when 1 week and 2 weeks’ pre detection delays were put into consideration. However, no significant association was found between atmospheric humidity and COVID-19 transmission or mortality in Nigeria. This study contributes more knowledge on COVID-19 and will benefit efforts and decision-making geared towards its control.
Keywords: Impact, Weather, COVID-19, Transmission, Mortality, Disease
EFFECTS OF EXTRUSION COOKING ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF AN EXTRUDED SNACK FROM THE BLEND OF CEREALS AND LEGUMES ENRICHED WITH DATE PALM FLOUR AS POST COVID-19 SNACK FOOD
TA’AWU K.G1 ., 2SHUA J. N. AND MAIRO A1
1Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic Mubi P.M.B 35, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria 2Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, the Federal Polytechnic, PMB, 35 Mubi, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of extrusion cooking on physicochemical properties of an extruded snack from the blend of sorghum and groundnut cake flour enriched with date fruit flour for the development of post covid-19 snack food. Various conditions of feed composition (FC), feed moisture content (FMC), and die size (DS) were studied. The results of physiochemical properties of the products showed a relation between bulk density and expansion ratio of extruded materials i.e., the greater the expansion volume, the lower the bulk density. The optimum independent variables conditions were found to be 23.75% FC, 13.43% FMC, 6.0 mm DS with the dispensability 0.50, which produces 0.66 BD, 3.86 WAI, 3.70 WSI, 1.78 ER, and 0.30 OAI. The results also indicated that optimum values can be obtained in the extrusion of snack from the blend of sorghum and groundnut cake flour enriched with date fruit flour for the development of post covid-19 snack food.
Keywords: Extrusion, snack, groundnut-cake, optimization, physiochemical, sorghum and date palm
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A MICROCONTROLLER BASED FINGERPRINT ATTENDANCE SYSTEM WITH WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
1I.H. USMAN, 2 S. MAIKAFI
1Departement of Electrical Electronic Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi. 2Departement of Computer Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi
Abstract
The application of biometric recognition in personal authentication enables the growth of this technology to be employed in various domains. The implementation of biometric recognition system can be based on physical or behavioral characteristics, such as iris, voice, fingerprint and face. Currently, the attendance tracking system based on biometric recognition for education sector is still underutilized, thus providing a good opportunity to carry out interesting research in this area. As evidence in a typical classroom, educators tend to take the attendance of their students by using conventional methods such as by calling out names or signing of an attendance sheet. In this work, design and construction of a microcontroller based fingerprint attendance register was successfully carried out using Arduino ATMega, WiFi Module, Real Time Counter, Storage Data Card Module, Keypad and the Thin- Film-Transistor (TFT) display unit as hardware components. Application Program Interface (API) and C++ were used as the software components. Four individual scanned fingers were matched with the four digits Identity (IDs) numbers and stored in the database. The routine attendance process displayed ‘Registered’ for matched scanned fingers of users with their IDs while an ‘Error’ for unregistered user. From the design perspective, only the authorized or otherwise called the registered users (attendees) who were enrolled in the database were allowed to sign-in for attendance. The results for the four enrolled individuals showed ‘registered’ status while the fifth un-enrolled individual showed an error message. Implementation of this proposed work definitely would reduce the chance of impersonation and buddy signing apart from having timely and comprehensive attendance register.
Keywords: Arduino, WiFi, TFT, Keypad
COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF HEAT TREATMENT QUENCHANTS IN MANUFACTURING PROCESS
*AISHAT O. SALAWU; *SAFINAT TOLU; & *MUSA B. DALIL
*Department of Minerals and Petroleum Resources, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna. **Department of Works and Services, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna
ABSTRACT
Water usually causes distortion corrosion and cracking of component due to its high quenching severity, SAE oil on the other hand has low quenching severity, has high cost, its non biodegradable and excessive fume generation during the quenching operations. The focus of this work is to review from past literature the suitability of edible and non edible vegetable oils abundantly available in Nigeria as effective alternatives to the conventional media, water and SAE oil. Particular emphasis will be on the traditional selection and use of different vegetable and animal oils for steel hardening applications and the cooling time-temperature behavior of these fluids to characterize their quenching performance Harnessing Vegetable oil quenchants will give rise to investments and employments in the cultivation and processing of these edible and non edible seed oils thereby lending support towards achieving sustainable development through environmental protection.
Keywords: Vegetable oil, quenchants, biodegradable, hardenability, austenite, SAE oil.
EFFECT OF RADIATION AND HEAT SOURCE/SINK ON THREE DIMENSIONAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC (MHD) CASSON FLUID FLOW OVER AN EXPONENTIAL STRETCHING SHEET
SAIDU Y. V.1, INUWA Y. I.2, MOHAMMED I.1AND ,MOHAMMED I. B. S.1
1Department of Mathematics, Federal Polytechnic Bida, Nigeria. 2National Mathematical Centre, Abuja, Nigeria
Abstract
The effect of radiation and heat source/sink on three dimensional Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) casson fluid flowover an exponentially stretching sheet is investigated. The governing partial differential equations were reduced to ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation. The reduced non-linear ordinary differential equations were solved analytically and the results obtained presented graphically. It was observed that increase in casson parameter and magnetic parameter decreased velocity profiles while thermal grashof number enhanced velocity profile, heat source/sink and radiation parameter enhanced the temperature profile while prandtl number and unsteadiness parameter decreased the temperature profile.
Keywords: MHD, Casson fluid, Stretching sheet, Thermal radiation, Unsteadiness, heat source/sink.
VERIFICATION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC TURBIDITY OVER OSOGBO BETWEEN THE YEARS 2009 TO 2019
1BABATOLA, BABATUNDE KEJI, 1ADEBAYO, SAMUEL, 2*ADEGBITE, ISMAILA OLAWALE; & 2OMISORE, ADEDOTUN OLURIN
1Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Physics Unit, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree. 2Department of Statistics, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree, Nigeria
Abstract
A Verification of atmospheric turbidity has been undertaken for Osogbo metropolis sky. Values of turbidity indices, namely, Linke factor (TL), Angstrom coefficient (β) and Illuminance turbidity factor (Til) are derived directly from measurements taken by pyrheliometer, Volz sunphotometer and beam illuminance meter. Monthly mean values and frequency of occurrence of the value of each turbidity index are used to characterize variations of atmospheric turbidity. Simple polynomial equations are developed for computing values of Linke factor and illuminance turbidity factor as functions of solar altitude angle. Using the values of Linke factor and illuminance turbidity factor obtained from the models developed, values of beam normal irradiance and illuminance can be calculated accurately under clear sky conditions. Values of daylight illuminance are useful for daylighting application that contributes to energy conservation for buildings. Knowledge of the size of beam normal irradiance is useful for calculation of cooling load in air-conditioning buildings in tropical climate.
Keywords: Atmospheric turbidity; Linke factor; Angstrom coefficient; Illuminance turbidity factor, Solar, Water vapour.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF EUPHORBIA MACULATA ZINC NANOPARTICLE
*AMINU S.O., **SHOLOTAN K.J
*Ogun State Institute of Technology Igbesa, Ogun State. **Department of Science Laboratory Technology.
Abstract
Modern research dealing with synthesis, strategy and manipulation of particle’s structure which result to changes in all properties i.e. chemical, physical and biological. This study investigated change in the optical properties and surface morphology of synthesized zinc nanoparticles of Euphorbia maculata and its crude extract. The plants extracts were prepared using hot percolation and Zn-NPs were synthesized by appropriate mixture of the extract with zinc sulphate solution in ratio of 1 to 2 following an established method. The optical properties of synthesized nanoparticles was obtained using UV/Vis spectrophotometer with peak absorbance at 380nm while the functional groups were determined using Fourier Transmission Infra-red Spectrophotometer (FTIR). The functional groups obtained were OH at 3295cm-1; CH2 at 2098cm-1 and C=O at 1636cm-1 while the average diameter of the surface morphology of the synthesized nanoparticle of E. maculata Zn-NP was 3.766 nm using Q250 Scanning Electron Microscope. Synthesized nanoparticle has wide application in electronics, medicines, material science which is aligning with sustainable development goal of Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure.
Keywords: Nanoparticles; Zinc solution; Synthesis; Characterisation;
DETERMINATION OF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ALKALINEWATER PRODUCED VIA ELECTROLYSIS
NDIFE CHIDIEBERE TEMPLE AND MGBECHI CLETUS EKENE
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Oko, Anambra State.
Abstract
In this work, the physicochemical properties of alkaline water produced through electrolysis were determined. The alkaline water sample was gotten from Kangen alkaline water company in Awka, Anambra State and was taken to the laboratory for analysis. The physicochemical properties of the alkaline water were determined using standard water analysis methods and the results for the analysis showed that the alkaline water is colourless, oourless, has an ash taste, a turbidity of 0.02(NTU), temperature 27oC, pH 8.50, conductivity 158µSiemens/cm, total solid 189.2mg/L, total alkalinity 69.8mg CaCO3/L, total hardness 108.0mg/L CaCO3, aluminium 0.05mg/L, iron 0.03mg/L, calcium 131.01mg/L, sodium 77.5mg/L, chloride 0.81mg/L and fluoride 0.003mg/L. All the parameters of this alkaline water falls within the WHO an SON permitted levels. The water was made alkaline through electrolysis from a borehole water whose initial pH was 6.17 which is unfit for consumption. This alkaline water is good for drinking specifically as it helps the body to maintain a good pH to fight off certain illnesses caused by some bacteria.
Keywords: Alkaline water, Borehole water, Electrolysis, Physicochemical Properties,
REVIEW ON DIFFERNT BIOMETRIC DEVICES: TYPES, USES AND AREA OF APPLICATIONS
OJO ABOSEDE IBIRONKE; & EBISIN A.F
Computer Science Department, Ogun State Institute of Technology, Igbesa, Ogun State.
Abstract
The great advantages offered by biometric cannot be compared with the traditional techniques of individual recognition. Why biometric replaces the traditional techniques where password, pins, pattern, card, token and object are commonly used for identification, verification, and authentication. Biometric has been a sustainable method recently and this has drawn more attention and also enhances it areas of application. Researchers have written substantial papers on different aspects of biometric. This paper tends to open our eyes to different types of biometric, their uses and the areas of applications.
Keywords: Biometrics, Application, Modality, Individual Recognition
POTENTIAL OF HAIR GROWTH OIL PRODUCTION FROM OIL EXTRACTED FROM THE PULP (MESOCARP) OF AVOCADO PEAR
OBODOEZE JOSEPH JIDEOFOR1 AND IGWAGU RUTH CHIDIOGO2
Science Laboratory Technology Department, School of Applied Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Anambra State, Nigeria
Abstract
This project work involves extraction, characterization and production of hair growth oil from avocado pear oil (APO) as carrier oil. Oil extraction from the dried and ground pulp of avocado pear of 0.3mm particle size was done using soxhlet extraction method with n-hexane as extracting solvent at 60oC and 90 minutes. Physicochemical properties of the oil were determined using standard AOAC method (2010). The hair growth oil (HGO) was produced using cold method by mixing a given quantity of the carrier oil (APO) with a given amount of peppermint essential oil, followed by addition of desired fragrance. The percentage oil yield of 15.39% was obtained. Physicochemical properties of the extracted APO were: Colour (dark greenish brown), refractive index (1.4608), specific gravity (0.9182), flash point (220 oC), Saponification value (178.90mgKOH/100g oil), Acid Value (1.23 mg/g), iodine value (77.95g-I/100g oil), peroxide value (1.46meqKOH/g), and pH at 29oC (4.56). The properties of the produced hair growth oil (HGO) were: pH (5.8), specific gravity at 60 oC (0.898), flash point (230 oC), colour ((light greenish brown) while Sensory evaluation showed that the produce HGO was smooth to touch, mild to the body, and of nice smelling aroma (fragrance) of vanilla fantasy, and very effective in promoting hair growth, decreasing dandruff and mitigate hair brakage and damage. The oil obtained from this study can be considered to be economical for commercial production of oil in Nigeria because of the appreciable yield and the encouraging physicochemical properties, while the produced HGO can be said to be a good hair product with excellent properties.
Keywords: Hair growth, oil, avocado pear
THE USE OF KNOWLEDGE BASE VIRTUAL ASSISTIVE SYSTEM AS AN EFFECTIVE STATISTICS SIGNS AND SYMBOLS TEACHING STRATEGY FOR THE EARLY-CHILDHOOD EDUCATION OF STUDENTS WITH LEARNING CHALLENGES.
*OJUOPE KEHINDE ISAAC; **ADENIJI JOSEPH ADENIYI2; & *SALAWU SULE AJIBOYE
*Department of Computer Science, Aminu Saleh College of Education, Azare, Bauchi State, Nigeria. **Department of Mathematics, Aminu Saleh College of Education, Azare, Bauchi State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) based virtual assistive technology in education is nothing new, but the question is where the limit is when the use of ICT does not have the desired effect, classroom delivery with the use of modern technology is still very low in Nigeria. From the report of World Health Organization (WHO) and World Bank (2011), physically challenged persons carry a significant proportion of the world’s population, about 15%, as a result of differences in educational standard to the normal individuals; they are rarely seen as contributor to productive human capital development of the Society. Most of the Learning Challenged students have little access to education, this is as a result of several challenges they face in learning and comprehension. And Statistics is one of the most difficult subjects for this category of students to learn and understand at the early childhood level of Education. Most schools curricula were developed without considering the fact that, different categories of students including people living with learning challenges will also make use of them. This paper focuses on the use of knowledge base virtual assistive system as an effective Statistics signs and symbols teaching strategy for the early-childhood education of students with learning challenges. This research work was carried out in one of the government school for handicap children in Nigeria. From the cognitive ability testing of the research, it was discovered that the students learn faster and easier with the use of ICT base virtual reality than normal classroom learning. As a result of this, this paper also compared the level of efficiency of the ICT base virtual reality over normal classroom learning for these categories of Students. The paper also explains different learning strategies that could promote learning ability of students in this modern age.
Keywords: Learning Challenge, Statistics signs and symbols, Virtual Reality, Assistive Technology, ICT, Teaching, Learning, Knowledge base.
ANALYSIS OF STENOSED ARTERIES INFLUENCED BY NANO PARTICLES WITH INDUCED MAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS
UMAR BALA
Department of General Studies, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, PMB 0231, Bauchi State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Hemodynamics of stenosis are discussed to predict effect of atherosclerosis by means of mathematical models in the presence of uniform transverse magnetic field. The analysis is carried out using silver and copper nanoparticles as a drug carrier. Exact solution for the fluid temperature, velocity, axial induced magnetic field and current density distribution are obtained under mild stenosis approximation. The results indicate that with an increase in the concentration of nanoparticle hemodynamics effects of stenosis reduces throughout the inclined composite stenosed arteries. The considered analysis also summarizes that the drug silver nanoparticles is more efficient to reduce hemodynamics of stenosis when compare to the drug copper nanoparticle. In future this model could be helpful to predict important properties in some biomedical applications.
Keywords: Magnetic field effect, Copper and Silver Nanoparticles, Stenosis Hemodynamic Effects
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR FINDING THE SHORTEST PATH FROM ABUBAKAR TAFAWA BALEWA UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL BAUCHI TO ANY DESTINATION WITHIN BAUCHI STATE METROPOLITAN USING DIJKSTRA ALGORITHM
*ABDULLAHI MIKAIL; *ZAKKA BENISEMENI ESTHER; *MBIMI NASU WORMI; **OKORE SOPHIA KINGSLEY; & *SANUSI ABDULHAMID DANTATA
*Computer Science Department, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi State. **Computer Science (General Studies) Department, Maritime Academy of Nigeria, Oron, Akwa Ibom State
Abstract
Finding the shortest path on uncertain transportation networks is a great challenge in theory and practice. There are several resources of uncertainty in the transportation networks such as traffic congestion, weather conditions, vehicle accidents, repairing roads, etc. The shortest path is an issue that involves the route from one point (nodes) to another. It is to find a path with a minimum travelling time. Nowadays, traffic problems have affected many transport users, especially in the Bauchi State Metropolitan area. The time wasted on the road causes a lot of problems for the users. Furthermore, the costs between the two destinations are rather expensive. Therefore, the inability of users to use the shortest path has attracted the researcher to propose several travel alternatives to overcome this problem. Consider Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Teaching Hospital Bauchi (ATBUTH) which is specialized in general medicine. To provide fast and efficient patient care services at minimal time and costs, medical ambulances need to be dispatched promptly to emergent calls from the public. The objectives of this research are to find the shortest path from Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching University Bauchi to any destination within Bauchi State Metropolitan and to cut down the cost between these two destinations. The time of the shortest path problem and the cost problem are drawn together. Moreover, the Dijkstra algorithm is applied to find the shortest path. The shortest path is calculated by using Djikstra Algorithm, JavaScript and Google API. Nevertheless, both the time and cost of the shortest path are constructed in the same paths. The time and cost of the journey are described by driving a car from Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching University Bauchi to any destination within Bauchi State Metropolitan
Keywords: shortest path, Decision support system, Dijkstra algorithm, cost, time.