International Journal of Engineering and Technology Research
Vol. 9 No.2 June, 2017.
Published by:
Cambridge Research and Publications International,
Centre for African Humanity and Development Circle (CAHDC),
University of Nigeria, Nsukka,Enugu State, Nigeria.
Copyright © 2017 Cambridge Research and Publications International.
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CURRENT HARMONICS MITIGATION USING ACTIVE POWER FILTER: A TECHNOLOGICAL REVIEW
Hamisu Usman, Isah Anndah ISiyaka & Aminu Hamisu Kura
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna
Abstract
This paper aimed at reviewing the process of mitigating current harmonics produced by nonlinear loads, together with the reviewing the state of the art of active power filter that are commonly used for suppression of current harmonics to utility power line at the point of common coupling (PCC). This review approach gives guidelines for the power quality issues that militates both consumers and utility power lines in terms of harmonics. However, the paper outlines the operation of common active power filter topologies, such as shunt, series and hybrid active power filters which are described in details. The common review on different types of current harmonics extraction techniques as well as application of the famous p-q and extension of p-q theories to extract the harmonics reference signals are also elaborated in this paper. Finally, an overview of the active power filters control strategies are provided in this work.
Keywords: Active power filter, harmonics, current extraction, power quality and filter topologies
HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS FROM THE COMBUSTION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES IN A FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTOR: A CASE STUDY OF SUGAR CANE BAGASSE AND GROUND NUT SHELLS
ADAMU MOHAMMED ORAH & WASIU AYANDOTUN
Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State.
ABSTRACT
It has become crucial to develop strategies and new technologies to minimize the environmental impact of energy production, and to guarantee a sustainable life cycle of the materials used. To this end, directives have been given, at a global level, to regulate gas emissions and to promote recovery (diversion from landfill) and recycling of waste material. International agreements were signed at the Kyoto summit in December 1997, according to which industrialized countries undertook to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by the year 2010 to the assigned levels below their 1990 values. This paper investigates the heat generated from the combustion of Sugar cane bagasse and groundnut shells in a fluidized bed. The results from experiment proved that combustion of bagasse fuel yielded 800oC of heat energy at the bed and the freeboard temperatures yielded heat at 450oC, while the combustion of groundnut shells yielded 850oC of heat and the freeboard temperatures yielded 500oC. The temperatures produced from these agricultural wastes were the optimum temperature of 800 – 900oC of the fluidized bed preventing the emission of NOx gases. The bed constituents absorbed traces of sulphur present in the fuel preventing the emission of SOx gases. It was also deduced that the groundnut shells produced more heat energy than the sugarcane bagasse.
DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF AN IMPROVED COAL/CHARCOAL STOVE
- JAAFARU1 U.A.GARBA2,Z. MUSTAFA 3
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic Kaduna, 2,3. Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic Kaduna.
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the development and testing analysis of a coal/charcoal stove. The stove was constructed using available local materials and tested using coal and then charcoal. It took 12 min to boil 1 liter of water initially at 29.50C using coal and 15 min using charcoal under same conditions. It was also found out that 35.5 kg of air was required to completely burn 5 kg of the coal used.
Keywords: Coal, Charcoal, stove, combustion and efficiency.
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING OF AN EVAPORATIVE COOLING FACILITY FOR STORING OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
NASIRU ABDULLAHI
B.Sc. M.Sc. Post-Harvest Technology, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ramat Polytechnic, Maiduguri
ABSTRACT
A 0.5 cubic metre capacity storage facility which is to increase the shelf life of stored fruits and vegetables as designed fabricated and tested (without load). The equipment operates on the principle of evaporative cooling and increasing the relative humidity of the interior of the equipment. The door and side wall were of ply wood board of 12mm thickness while the two sides are made of jute bag through which water flows on through at the top flows with the influence of gravity. The facility designed was able to contain fruits and vegetables. For 50 minutes without being loaded with produce .The cooling efficiency was found to be 96.6% and the average cooler temperature was 25.2 0C while the average outside temperature was found to be 34.2 °C.
Keywords: Evaporative cooling, Fruits, Storage, , Vegetables.
THE EFFECT OF AIR-FUEL RATIO ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A GAS ENGINE FUELLED WITH A HIGH CO2 CONTENT-NATURAL GAS
AYANDOTUN, WASIU B. & ADAMU M. ORAH
Mechanical Engineering Department, Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda, Zamfara.
ABSTRACT:
The potential of utilizing raw natural gas from the fields in Malaysia which contains high carbon dioxide (CO2) contents was studied. CO2 was added at 20% to pure natural gas as a way of simulating raw natural gas compositions in these fields; and tested in a single-cylinder spark-ignition direct injection (DI) compressed natural gas (CNG) engine. A 300oCA injection timing was used at an engine speed of 3000 rpm. The ignition timing was adjusted to obtain the maximum brake torque (MBT), and at wide open throttle (WOT). The tests were carried out at various Air/Fuel ratio (AFR) set from 1.0 to 1.3 to establish the effect it has on performance and emission of the engine. The results showed that at λ = 1.1 there were significant drop in the brake torque, the BSFC was minimum and the BTE was highest. And also that reduction in the CO and NOx emissions but an increase in the THC and CO2 emissions occurred at this λ value. In conclusion, utilization of natural gas with 20% CO2 content as fuel in DI-CNG engine at AFR of 1.1 was found to be viable with reductions in performance and some of the exhaust emissions. This finding, if implemented, will assist sustainable developments in the country through reduction in the importation of crude oil.
Keywords: Natural gas, carbon dioxide, direct injection, air/fuel ratio.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SOLAR POWERED INVERTER
MALA BUKAR TALBARI & MUHAMMAD LAMINU
Department of Electrical And Electronic Engineering, Ramat Polytecthnic Maiduguri, Borno State.
ABSTRACT
The main objective of this project work is to design and construct solar power inverter which can be use both in rural areas even in the cities due to inadequate supply of electric power. Electricity plays an important role in the socio-economic development of a nation. We need electric power in our office, homes and schools. The materials used are the electronic component for constructing the oscillator circuit, switching and mosfet design. A transformer is also constructed using a copper wire and an iron lamination. Since the inverter used solar photovoltaic then the problem of electricity is totally eradicated.
Keywords: Design, Construction, Solar, Powered and Inverter
DEVELOPMENT OF A RADIO FREQUENCY BASED REMOTE CONTROL OPERATED SLIDING DOOR WITH MEAN TIME BEFORE FAILURE PREDICTION
*EHIAGWINA FREDERICK OJIEMHENDE; SELUWA EMMANUEL OLUDARE; KEHINDE OLUFEMI OLUSEYE; OYEWOLE SODIQ ADEMOLA; OYEWALE ABIODUN SAMSUDEEN
Electrical Electronics Department, the Federal Polytechnic Offa, Offa Kwara State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The physically challenged and the aged sometimes find it difficult to pass through some doors, with little attention being given to this issue in the construction of new office premise. In this work, the authors first overviewed automatically operated as a key aspect of comprehensive aspect of making entry and exit easier for this group of individuals in the society, and then presented the development of a radio frequency operated microcontroller based automatic sliding doors. Circuit configuration and component description of the system were presented. Finally, the mean time before failure (MTBF) of the electronic circuitry of the system was predicted using data from United State Military Handbook (MIL-HNDBK-217F).
Keywords: 555 Timer, Aged, automated doors, doors, MTBF, physically challenged, radio frequency.
MATLAB SIMULINK BASED MODELLING AND COMPARATIVE ANLAYSIS OF AN OFDM SYSTEM USING BPSK AND QPSK DIGITAL MODULATION SCHEMES.
GARBA S., YARO A.S.A, TEKANYI A.M.S, YAHAYA B., & MUSA I.K.
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
ABSTRACT
An OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex) system model with QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) and BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) digital modulation schemes were modelled and simulated using MATLAB R2012a Simulink. Subsequently, BER (Bit Error Rate) plots were generated and compared for both digital modulation schemes after the signal was passed through an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). From the results obtained, BPSK performs better than QPSK with BER of 0.2 and 0.7 respectively at low SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) of 5 dB. In the case of high SNR, 30 dB, QPSK modulation is the optimum digital modulation scheme to be used as it transmit informations at high data rate and utilized the channel bandwidth even though, the BER for BPSK is lower, that is, and that of QPSK is .
Keywords: AWGN, BER, BPSK, OFDM, QPSK, and SNR.
PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM MODELLING FOR EFFICIENT SOLAR POWER GENERATION
*MAFIMIDIWO, OLUFUNMILAYO ALICE, **SAHA, AKSHAY KUMAR, ***S.A. IWARERE
*School of Enginering, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba Lagos **School of Electrical, Electronics & Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.***School of Mechanical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.
ABSTRACT:
The temperature reached by solar cells or modules during operation has been discovered to have information about the temperature distribution within the solar cell or module. Creating a finite element model of the solar cell or module in COMSOL Multiphysics environment enables the temperature distribution study, analysis and its interpretation for decision making. The simulations of the solar cell or module created in COMSOL Multiphysics environment enable visualization of the temperature distribution in lattice structure of silicon solar cell. This paper reviews the effect of solar PV system design, its materials selection, modelling and meshing of the PV system on the solar power output and the life-span of the solar PV system. The findings reveal that excessive heat on PV materials and wrong selection of solar cells materials into a PV module has the tendency of breaking down the insulation to give way to water ingression and browning. These tend to lead to increased operating temperature of the PV module, reduced PV system voltage, lowered generated output power and reduced life-span of the solar system.
Keywords: Temperature distribution, solar cell or module, COMSOL Multiphysics, solar power output, solar power life-span
Development of a standard fuzzy controller for a synchronous generator standard fuzzy model
RABIU SABIU SHEHU, RAMATU ALIYU ABARSHI & ALIYU D. USMAN
Electrical Electronics Engineering Department, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna
ABSTRACT
A standard fuzzy controller was developed for a standard fuzzy model of a synchronous generator. Triangular fuzzy membership function are used for partitioning the linguistic variables error and change in error, Matlab s-function files are used for implementation of the controller and plant functions in the system, Results under different inputs are generated to show the effectiveness of the control scheme, recomemendations are given on how to improve the system performance.
Keywords: standard fuzzy model, standard fuzzy logic controller, s-function, fuzzy membership function, system performance
Comparison Weighted Robust Ridge Regression WRLAV with Weighted Ridge Regression to Estimate the Parameters in Presence of Multicollinearity and Outliers
BELLO ABDULKADIR RASHEED A* AND SAGIR MAHMOOD B
a, bDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
This paper is concerned with estimation of parameters in multiple linear regression models. We compared the existing techniques, named Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimate, Ridge Regression (RIDGE), Ridge Least Absolute Value (RLAV), Weighted Ridge Regression (WRID), with proposed a new technique Weighted Ridge Least Absolute Value (WRLAV) for estimating the parameters in the presence of multicollinearity and outliers in the model. Ridge Least Absolute Value (RLAV) regression provides a robust alternative to the OLS, particularly when the disturbances follow distributions that are non-normal and subject to outliers. The (WRLAV) estimator is based on (RLAV) which remains insensitive to bad measurements and very robust in the presence of these problems, using some test cases. Then, when compared between different methods of estimation, we noticed that the proposed estimate (WRLAV) is very robust to the contaminated data for heavy tailed errors and show a good performance under various situations of errors and different degrees of multicollinearity using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) criteria for Simulation study and Standard Error SE for Numerical example that we worked out.
Keywords: multicollinearity; outliers; ridge regression; robust regression; ridge least absolute Value; weighted ridge least absolute value.
TRENDS IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES IN THE NIGERIAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
BABANGIDA Z. ABBAS
Department of Electrical/Electronics, School of Technical Education, Federal College of Education (Technical) Bichi, Kano State
ABSTRACT
This paper examined the prospects and the challenges of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the Nigerian Educational System. It highlights the possible areas information and communication technology can contribute towards functional educational system. The use of electronic devices has enhanced the process of teaching test examination, administration, scoring of scripts and recording of marks as well as dichotomizing question papers to reduce examination malpractices. The challenges are attributed to many factors among which are inadequate fund in the educational system, irregular power supply, poor network provider, inadequate qualified programmers, poverty, few software engineers and technicians and lack of skills on the use of information and communication among teachers. This paper recommends establishment of a formal ICT centers with trained and or specialized staff in all the local government areas across the country. State and local governments should appropriate special fund for ICT development in schools and colleges.
Keywords: Trends, Communication, Technology, Prospects and Challenges