JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCE Vol. 10 No.1


INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCE

Vol. 10 No.1 September, 2017.



Published by:

Cambridge Research and Publications International,

Centre for African Humanity and Development Circle (CAHDC),

University of Nigeria, Nsukka,Enugu State, Nigeria.

Copyright © 2017 Cambridge Research and Publications International.

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CURBING NATIONAL SECURITY CHALLENGES IN NIGERIA THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)

SAMAILA DANIEL HASSAN,1 ELIJAH DAVID KURE2, ZAYANU NUHU3, KUJORE OPEYEMI EMMANUEL4,

2,4 Computer Engineering Technology Department, Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic Zaria 1,3Electrical/Electronics Engineering Technology Department, Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic Zaria

ABSTRACT

In our today’s Information Technology (IT) industry, Imagine a world where billions of objects can sense, communicate and share information, all interconnected over public or private Internet Protocol (IP) networks. These interconnected objects have data regularly collected, analysed and used to initiate action, providing a wealth of intelligence for planning, management and decision making. This is the world of the Internet of Things (IoT). The security of lives and property is the key issue to be looked upon with keen interest by both Nigerian government and the populace, because a nation without adequate security of lives and property is a nation heading to doom. The security threat from different sects and groups to the nation is daily on the increase. This paper focuses on the application of this technology the Internet of Things (IoT) in curbing the security challenges in Nigeria.

Keywords: Information Technology, Security, Internet Protocol, Objects, Network.

 

ALIGNMENT OF THE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY (ABU) BACHELOR OF SCIENCE EDUCATION CHEMISTRY CURRICULUM WITH THE CONTENTS OF CHEMISTRY CURRICULUM FOR SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS

SAMUEL-OKEY, FATUMA COMFORT

Department of Integrated Science, Federal College of Education Zaria, Kaduna State

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the ABU B.Sc. (Ed.) Chemistry Curriculum in relation to the professional needs of the SSS Chemistry teachers. The total population of 400 Level B. Sc. (Ed) Chemistry students (21) constituted the population of the study. The instruments for data collection were Difficult Topics in Chemistry questionnaire (DTC) and Chemistry Achievement Test (CAT). The DTC questionnaire which consisted of fifteen topics considered difficult, was validated and used by some earlier researchers in science education. The questionnaire was administered on the students to obtain their perception on the fifteen topics considered difficult. To further authenticate the response on the DTC, the CAT was administered on the students. The findings from the study showed that only two out of the fifteen topics were perceived by the students as difficult to understand. The study also showed that though the ABU B. Sc. (Ed.) Chemistry Curriculum contains relevant learning experiences to help prospective B.Sc. (Ed.) chemistry teachers perform effectively, the respondents could not answer simple SSCE questions given to them in the Chemistry Achievement Test. The findings calls to question the response obtained from the DTC questionnaire. Based on this findings some recommendations were made among which include: more emphasis should be placed  on knowledge acquisition rather than certificate and examination scores,  and hence all prospective Chemistry teachers should be tested on achievement in Chemistry before employment and also be given periodic training in Chemistry contents irrespective of the grades on their certificates.

Keywords: Chemistry Curriculum, Alignment, Science Education, Contents, Senior Secondary Schools.

 

DETERMINATION OF NITRATE LEVELS IN DUG WATER SOURCES AND SELECTED FOODS IN KAURAN NAMODA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ZAMFARA STATE

HASSAN A.B1, SAMAILA .I.2, ALLI ABBAS 3, UMAR AHMAD4, TANKO O.O5 AND KUTIGI .A.6

Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda Zamfara State1-4 Department of Food Science Technology Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda Zamfara State5&


ABSTRACT

A study of the concentration of nitrate in underground waters and foods was conducted in Gusau metropolis of Zamfara State between April and June 2016. A total of 10 underground water points (6 boreholes and 4 dug wells) and 3 types of food were sampled. The samples were collected and analyzed using Phenoldisulphonic acid method for water analysis and modified microkjedahl methods for foods. The depth of the boreholes and dug wells were obtained from the locations and they varied in depth from 15.35 to 58.40 metres. The distance from pollution sources of nitrates varied between 8.00 to 15.40 metres. The results showed that the average nitrate values of dug wells ranged from 21.9mg/I to 36.5mg/I while the boreholes ranged from 14.0mg/I to 21.3mg/I. However, these values did not exceed the World Health Organisation (WHO) normal value of 45mg/I for nitrate (NO3) or 10mg/I for Nitrate-Nitrogen. There are statistically significant correlations between nitrate values and (a) depth of dug wells and boreholes and (b) distance of dug wells and boreholes from the septic tank. Of the three types of food (Green beans, Garbage, and Carrot) studied, green beans had the highest nitrate value of 0.98/100g and carrot has the least value of 0.1/100g. The public health implications of nitrates in waters and foods are discussed.

Keywords: Nitrate, Selected, Foods, Determination, Sources.

 

MODELING THE POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF BIODIVERSITY LOSS: A CASE STUDY OF THE CROSS RIVER NATIONAL PARK, SOUTH – SOUTH, NIGERIA

ATSU, J.U.1. AND EKAKA-A, E.N.2

1Department of Mathematics/Statistics, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria 2Department of Mathematics, Rivers State University, Nkpolu, Port – Harcourt, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

The severe loss of biodiversity is a major concern to experts and its implication on the loss of ecological services due to its intrinsic link to sustainable development. One of the methods of tackling this formidable problem would require the implementations of ODE 45 numerical scheme. The detailed results that we have obtained using this method have not been seen elsewhere; these are fully presented and discussed in this paper.

Keywords: Policy implications, biodiversity loss, ODE 45, depletion rate, carrying capacity, forest resource biomass.

 

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF ALOEVERA (ALOE BARBADENSIS MILLER) EXTRACT ON SOME SELECTED ORGANISMS

SAIDU, I* AND NUHU A.S.

Department of Animal Production Technology, Bauchi State College of Agriculture, Bauchi

 

Abstract

Ethanol and cool water extract of aloevera were screened for antimicrobial activity against Salmonella gallinarium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis, organisms were collected at the central diagnostic laboratory in the quality control division National Veterinary Research Institute Vom, Plateau State Nigeria. The agar method was used to determine the antibacterial properties of the pathogenic organisms. The extract was prepared at doses 500mg/ml 250mg/ml, 125mg/ml, 62.5mg/ml and 31.25mg/ml were used to determine the zone of inhibition. Gentamycin was used as positive control with 12mm, 13mm, 30mm; 31mm of zone of inhibition Salmonella gallinarium appeared to be the most sensitive to ethanol with 13mm, 11mm, 10mm. while Staphylococcus aureus appeared to be the most sensitive to cool water extract with 13mm, 12mm, E coli is the most resistant. Ethanol extract tends to inhibit the growth of microorganisms more than cool water extract in the agar gel method used. It has been concluded that these is need for further research to evaluate the possible inclusion of the extract in treatment of diseases susceptible to aloevera plants.

Keywords: Antibacterial, Phytochemical Properties Screening and Aloevera (Aloe Barbadensis Miller).

 

MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF THE VULNERABILITY OF CURRENT DEPLETION USING A COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH

1GALADIMA, I. J AND 2EKAKA-A, E. N.

1Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Natural Science, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria. 2Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Rivers State University, Nkpolu, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

The expected increase in the volume of electrical currents is a productive idea on most aspects of sustainable development energy investment scenarios. However, the indication of current depletion can be a counter-intuitive signal in the energy development agenda. In this paper, we have explored the effect of a variation of the resistance on the vulnerability of current volume by using a MATLAB ODE 45 numerical scheme. The contribution of this analysis (that we have not seen elsewhere) has been presented and discussed in this paper.

Keywords: Vulnerability, Computational, Mathematical, Depletion, Approach.

 

MEAT PRODUCTION AND SOLID WASTE GENERATED IN ABATTOIR

NASIRU ABUBAKAR

Civil Engineering Department, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Adamawa State.

ABSTRACT

Abattoir waste is generated almost daily in most cities of the world, the solid waste generated is of great concern due to the abattoir operations, the data on ruminants animals slaughtered in the abattoir was analyzed using statistical methods and the solid waste generated was characterize and categorized, also the meat produced in the abattoir was estimated and compared to the national beef demand. The results show that on average, about 59 cattle, 49 sheep and 80 goats were slaughtered daily at the Gombe abattoir, leading to an annual production of 2,697 tons of beef, 270.47 tons of mutton and 380.12 tons of chevon. The ruminants slaughtered daily lead to the generation of about 0.84 ton of blood, 0.63 ton of gut contents, 0.48 ton of waste tissues and 0.96 tons of bone. This volume of waste produced in Gombe abattoir when properly managed will actually in addition to reducing the sanitation, environmental and health challenges around the abattoir, and it will also produce other beneficial benefits to the environment and humanity.

Keywords: Abattoir, Ruminant, Waste, Sanitation, Environment

 

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING: CONCEPT AND CHALLENGES

UMAR  MOHAMMED **ALI  MOHAMMED  BIZI & *** ALI  UMARU

*Department of Electrical / Electronic Engineering Technology, the Federal Polytechnic Damaturu ** Department of Computer Science, the Federal Polytechnic Damaturu ***Department of: Office Technology & Management, College of Administrative & Business Studies Potiskum

ABSTRACT

The role of software engineering in software product can never be over emphasis, as the general standard for development and maintenance of software product requires more and more systematic approach, there is a need to look for ways of improving the systematic approach for software development and maintenance of software product. This paper dwelt on the meaning of software, engineering and software engineering, explains the differences between traditional engineering and software engineering. The paper also revealed goals, pre-requisite, attribute and advances in software engineering. Benefit, challenges and application areas of software engineering was also revealed.

Keyword: Software, Engineering, Software Product, Machine, Algorithm.

 

PRODUCTION AND QUALITY EVALUATION OF WEANING FOOD PRODUCED FROM MILLET AND GROUNDNUT FLOUR BLENDS

1KURE O.A (MRS), 1AMANZE L. (MRS) 2IBRAHIM S. (MRS)

1Department of Food Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State. 2Department of Hospitality Management, Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda. Zamfara State.

ABSTRACT

Infant weaning food was produced from millet and groundnut flour blends, the millet were sorted, cleaned, washed and soaked overnight using a stainless steel bucket containing clean tap water which was then sun dried for 8hours then dehulled and milled into flour accordingly (Fig 2), while groundnut were sorted; cleaned, washed, the groundnut was then spread out on a clean jute bag under direct sun light to dried, devegetated by hand rubbing, winnowed and milled accordingly (Fig 1). The five blends were formulated: ABC =100% millet flour and 0.0% groundnut flour. DEF= 90% millet flour and 10% groundnut flour GHI = 85% millet flour and 15% groundnut flour, JKL = 80% millet flour and 20% groundnut flour. MNO = 75% millet flour and 25% groundnut flour. Functional properties of the five blends, proximate composition and sensory properties were determined using Standard methods. The bulk density ranged from 0.56-0.65g/ml, Wettability ranged from 37.07-39.13, Water holding capacity ranged from 360-400(ml/100gm) and Dispersibility ranged from 39-41%, the proximate composition of the blends showed high protein value with addition of groundnut flour which ranged from 10.50-21.10, ash 1.10-2.00, Crude protein, crude fibre and ash increased with increase in groundnut flour and carbohydrate content decreases with increase in the subtitution with groundnut flour, the low ash and fibre contents recorded in the weaning food have satisfied the recommended minimum composition. Also, the sensory properties of the weaning foods were generally acceptable in terms of colour, aroma, flavour, mouth feel and overall acceptability at 25% level. The results of the sensory evaluation were not significantly different at p<0.05 the results of the weaning food formulations rated more than average for all sensory attributes. The results indicated that the overall tested weaning foods could be used to substitute the more expensive commercial products.

Keywords: Weaning, millet, groundnut blends, fortifying, proximate

 

DETERMINISTIC SENSITIVITY OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF HIV INFECTION WITH A FRACTIONAL ORDER CHARACTERIZATION

1Peters Nwagor, 2E. N. Ekaka-a,

2Department of Mathematics, Rivers State University Nkpolu, Port Harcourt, Nigeria 1Department of Mathematics/Statistics, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education. Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Abstract.    

This paper examines the sensitivity of a mathematical model of HIV infection with a fractional order inclusion.  A non-linear mathematical model with a fractional order of 0.2 is proposed and analysed numerically using an ODE 45 numerical scheme. The results that we have obtained clearly show a fundamental change in the sensitivity of the target cells due to a variation of the population density at which proliferation (Tmax) shuts off at 1313. This novel contribution to knowledge has not been seen elsewhere; the full predictions are presented and discussed in this paper.

Keywords: Deterministic, Sensitivity, Mathematical, Model, HIV Infection.

 

EXPERIMENTAL OUTCOMES OF BLENDED AND TRADITIONAL LEARNING OF DATABASE DESIGN BASICS.

MBING ISAAC1 OBASA ADEKUNLE ISIAKA (PHD) 1 AKINJOBI JOSHUA ADEKUNLE2

1Department of Computer Science, Kaduna  Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria 2Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Crawford University, Igbesa, Ogun State, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

The traditional face to face approach to teaching and learning has been adopted in many societies until the arrival of new technologies of Information and Communication. New instructional methods have emerged and researchers have been comparing and analyzing such new methods against the well established traditional ones. One such new method is the Blended Learning.  In this paper, the researchers has tried to compare  the outcome of the blended methodology with the traditional face to-face learning in the study of database design  using Microsoft Access. The result shows that students taught through blended learning method performed better than those taught through traditional method. This may encourage learners and policy makers to enroll more students in this form of teaching and learning in this era where  physical structure can only accommodate limited number of students

Keywords: Learning, Blended learning, Traditional learning, Outcome.