SUB-SAHARA AFRICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE & CAREER DEVELOPMENT (SJMSCD)
VOL. 24 (7) JUNE, 2022 ISSN: 2385-8148
Published by:
Sub-Sahara African Academic Research Publications,
Centre for African Development Studies, University of Ibadan,
P. O. Box 10108, U. I. Post Office. Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria, West-Africa.
Email: ssaapublications@gmail.com
PAPERS:
LEADERSHIP DECISION-MAKING SKILLS AND SURVIVAL INSTINCTS IN NIGERIA
JOSEPH A. DADA
Department of Business Administration, College of Management Sciences, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji Arakeji, Osun State, Nigeria.
Abstract
This paper explores how the implementation of leadership decision-making skills in executing programmes and projects serves as a driver to survival instincts for sustainable competitive advantage in the competitive religious environment by utilising the faith-based organisations in Nigeria. Conceptual research approach was used to analyse historical trends in the implementation of decision-making skills, especially among faith-based organisations in Nigeria, based on current literature. Key factors relevant for satisfactory implementation of decision-making skills were identified in accordance with the styles of leadership. Data collection method centred on the review of current literature on decision-making skills and survival instincts of FBOs in Nigeria from secondary sources. The study proposed a model for a resilience approach to effectively address the current decision making scenarios which often result to court litigation among FBOs in Nigeria. Based on the availability of these reviews, validity and reliability were drawn upon to justify the goodness of fit of the research. Findings from extant literature show that beyond the strategic and tactical decision making of Nigerian faith-based organisations, other critical factors such as environmental influence create a significant link between decision-making skills and the level of compliance from affected parties. In terms of the aspirations of faith-based organisational leaders in Nigeria, environmental variables play a key role. The study recommends that leaders should endeavour to define directional policy that enhances decision-making skills and establish measurable goals to meet members of staff, members and followers’ expectations and to improve on organisational competitive advantage.
Keywords: Decision-making skills, faith-based organisations, leadership, survival instincts
THE ROLES OF MANPOWER PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT IN AN ORGANIZATION
*AMINU SANI; & **ISMA’IL SALISU
*Department of Business Administration Al-Qalam University, Katsina **College of Higher Studied Alhuda Academy
Abstract
Manpower planning in an organization is one of the most important factors to consider, especially during the recruitment process. The specific objective of this research are to improve the roles and challenges for selecting staff who are unspecialized in their field, as well as to anticipate the impact of employee performance and appraisal in the organization. The nature of this paper is conceptual. The study identified the importance of manpower planning for employee performance in an organization, as well as the need for organizations to be very careful during any recruitment process in order to promote good staff selection. The purpose of this study is to investigate the full concept of manpower planning, its impact on organizations, and the rationale for its advocacy in organizations, which includes: lowering labor costs by identifying excess staff and avoiding overstaffing; recognizing available talents in the organization and designing training programs to enhance those talents. The study recommends that the organization should review their respective human resources departments and encourage the unit by providing whatever is needed to the managers, and also organization’s managers are responsible for motivating and caring for the employees in the organization, and the organization is constantly training its employees on the division of labor in order to avoid a lack of manpower planning, and the organizational managers are responsible for implementing strategies and policies to support manpower planning in an organization.
KEYWORDS: manpower planning, human resources, the organization, management
IMPACT OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION ON GRADUATION OF LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES.
KOLAWOLE A. BELLO
LIGS University, Hawaii, USA
Annotation
Many countries have struggled to improve their economic welfare for decades without noticeable results. Meanwhile, many studies and development-focused international agencies such as the World Bank and the United Nations recommend financial inclusion as a veritable tool for economic development. This paper investigates whether or not financial inclusion contributed to the graduation of the four Least Developed Countries (LDC) that graduated to the developing nation’s category in the last decade (years 2011 to 2020). It found that the supposed negative correlation between financial inclusion and economic development is statistically insignificant and concludes that the inclusive finance rate of the countries did not affect the graduation of the countries in any way. It found certain peculiarities that could have led to the graduation of the countries but would continue to leave them vulnerable to external shocks if not deliberately managed.
Keywords: Economic Development, Economic Pyramid, Financial Inclusion, Least Developed Countries, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Sustainable Development Goals.
GIRL-CHILD UNEMPLOYMENT AND EMPOWERMENT SKILLS IN BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA
DIMFWINA, N TONGSHINEN; AISHATU IBRAHIM AND UKONU IJEOMA CHINYERE
Hospitality Management Department, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi
ABSTRACT
The growing unemployment in Nigeria and its associated consequences (socio-economic, political, environmental, poverty and health) constitute a serious challenge to the economic development with negative effect for future generation, especially as the girl-child is mostly affected in the north region of Nigeria with emphasis on Bauchi state. The challenges of growth, job creation, and inclusion are closely intertwined. While growth and stability are necessary to give girl child the opportunities they need, girl child participation in the labor market is also a part of the growth and stability equation. In particular, in rapidly aging economies, higher female labor force participation can boost growth by mitigating the impact of a shrinking workforce. Better opportunities for girl child can also contribute to broader economic development in developing economies, for instance through higher levels of accessing ways of reducing unemployment through various empowerment for girls. They aim of this project was determine the relationship between challenges faced by girl-child and economic empowerment of girls; to evaluate the social roles perform by girls before or after class hours that affect the economic empowerment of girls; and to find out the impact of community perception of girls’ on economic empowerment of girls in Bauchi. The study used descriptive survey design where 150 participants were drawn from Bauchi using purposeful random sampling who served as respondents. Descriptive statistics, correlation and regression were used to analyze the data collected. Result was represented using both graphs, tables and charts and the result revealed that economic empowerment to girls has a positive and significant relationship with the challenges faced by girl-child in Bauchi (r= .955, p=0.00), social roles perform by girls before or after class hours (r= .846, p =0.00) and community perception on girls’ Empowerment (r= .954, p =0.00). The study therefore concluded that women empowerment will be real and effective only when they are able to raise income and property so that they may stand on their feet and build up their identity in the society.
Keywords: Girl-child, Unemployment, Empowerment, Skills and Bauchi
FINANCIAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT AND THE QUEST FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION IN NIGERIA; A MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS
*USMAN ABDULAZIZ; **OKECHUKWU SOLOMON KENE; & *AKUHWA JAMES ORHANGE
*Productivity Measurement and Index (PMI) Department, National Productivity Centre (Headquarters) **Productivity Capacity Building (PCB) Department, National Productivity Centre
Abstract
Financial sector development connotes improvements in the functioning of the financial intermediation, greater diversification opportunities, improved information quality and better incentives for prudent lending and monitoring. These are aimed at sanitizing and stabilizing the financial system for maximum impact on various sectors of the economy including the industrial sector. The performance of industrial sector in relation to financial development is examined in this study using manufacturing index as a major industrial sector development indicator. A Structural Variance Autoregressive (SVAR) model with structural breaks was formulated and applied on Nigerian data spanning from 1970 to 2015. The results from the analysis revealed that with the continuous upward swings in the lending official interest rates as expected theoretically, shocked off investment and ultimately manufacturing output. This phenomenon was not restricted to the conventional Deposit Money Banks (DMB), but also to the Bank of Industry (BOI) and allied financial institutions whose loans processes are fraughted with bureaucratic bottlenecks and political intrigues. The level of financial deepening (M2/GDP) positively influenced manufacturing output though not statistically significant. This calls for more concerted efforts on the part of monetary authorities to implement the recent cash less monetary policy to the letter to reduce the liquidity ratio in Deposit Money Banks to make investible funds available for the manufacturing and allied subsectors in Nigeria. The Radio – Active decay syndrome exhibited by a lag of manufacturing index is novel and a sine quo non for policy makers and executors. It implies that manufacturing output will continue to accentuate as long as industrialization policies and strategies are initiated, implemented and sustained in Nigeria. Exchange rates misalignment has the least influence on manufacturing output as shown in the analysis. The paper further recommends that for industrialization to be achieved and sustained, the yawning gap between interest rates on savings and lending – interest rates spread should be stemmed to stimulate credits for the private sector for maximum manufacturing output and the exchange rates misalignment currently experienced in Nigeria will ultimately fizzle out.
Keywords; Industrialization, Manufacturing index, Monetary Policy, Financial Sector Development, Deposit Money Banks, Liquidity Ratio and Subsector.
CORRUPTION AS A FACTOR OF UNDERDEVELOPMENT IN PUBLIC SERVICE (A STUDY OF MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, AWKA ANAMBRA STATE)
ANYAEHIE JULIET CHIZOBA
Department of Business Administration & Management, Federal Polytechnic Oko, Anambra State
ABSTRACT
This work is designed to discuss the impact of corruption as a factor of underdevelopment in public services focusing attention on ministry of education, Awka, Anambra State. As regards the above assertion, the data has been collected from the ministry both prima`ry and secondary. This is possible through the questionnaire formulated by the researcher. From the analysis and discussion necessary findings were made. Corruption as one of the major cause of underdevelopment has causes, consequences and solution. In view of this, it has been observed that major cause of corruption is the inability of the workers to meet up with their financial obligation with their salaries. This is why it has been found in all areas of the nation’s economy as a factor of underdevelopment, be that as it may, certain steps should as well be taken to alleviate and ameliorate the problems associated with corruption. Salaries and welfare packages of workers should be increased so that they can be able to meet up with their financial responsibilities. Though apart from poor salaries or wages, some members of the public also encourage corruption in public offices for examples, mainly due to impatience, or greediness, by not waiting for increment of their salary may be by promotion. Also government should organize seminars and workshops in the nation’s economy. Conclusively I, suggest that laws to be enacted and made on corruption so that anybody found engaging or partaking in the act should be presented and disciplined.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CREATIVITY AND ENTREPRENEURIAL MIND SET DEVELOPMENT IN BAUCHI STSTE, NIGERIA
*UMAR AYUBA DUTSE; *JAAFAR ALIYU LIMAN; & **ABDULLAHI MUHAMMAD
*Department of Business Administration and Management, School of Management Sciences, Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi state, Nigeria. **Department of Business Administration and Management, School of Information and office Technology, Azare, Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi state, Nigeria
Abstract
The challenge associated with the adoption of entrepreneurial mind set development for effective management of small and medium enterprises in Nigeria has drawn diverse views. Despite the debates, studies conducted in the past have leveraged on existing mind set development which has not significantly contributed to SMEs survival in Nigeria. This paper aims at evaluating the relationship between creativity and entrepreneurial mind set development in Bauchi stste, Nigeria. The research design was cross-sectional survey design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The target population for this study was 156 registered small and medium scale owned enterprises registered with the Bauchi state government by December 2021 and the sample size was 317 respondents derived using Fisher’s formulae. This study used a self-administered, closed, and open-ended questionnaire to obtain quantitative data. The study used descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, median and proportions using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 and Microsoft Excel. Regression analysis and correlation analysis were used to determine the direction and strength of the relationship between the independent and the dependent variables.. The questionnaires were administered among the three hundred and seventeen (317) management staff members of the one hundred and seventy two (156) selected SMEs in Bauchi state, Nigeria through purposive sampling method, and this was done personally by the researcher. Descriptive and inferential statistics was use to analyze and interpret the data use in this research. The study reveals that there is positive relationship between creativity and entrepreneurial mind set development. Subsequently, the study recommends that more universities and polytechnics should include entrepreneurship courses in their curricula and must ensure that all students regardless of their academic specialization study entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship education should be grouped according to skills and abilities of students and should also be linked to the academic specialization of each students in a way they can use their knowledge to identify and exploit existing opportunities around them.
KEYWORDS: Relationship, Creativity, Entrepreneurship, Mind Set-Development, Entrepreneurial skills
THE IMPACT OF THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR ON THE INSURANCE INDUSTRY
OBINNA CHILEKEZI
Insurance & Risk Management
Abstract
This study examined the impact of Russia Ukraine war on global economy and global institutions like the insurance industry; which was extended to the African and the Nigerian insurance industry. This is a qualitative research using mainly primary data for reviews. Data were also collected through the interview method from 25 insurance practitioners in Nigeria on the subject of investigation. These respondents were selected using the purposive sampling method. The results from the reviews and interview showed that the war would impact negatively economy and the insurance industry. The same should be expected to happen to the African and the Nigerian economies and their insurance industries.
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SKILLS NEEDED BY SECRETARIES FOR EFFECTIVE JOB PERFORMANCE IN THE FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC BIDA
KOLO JOSHUA (MABEN); OGHOMWEN, JOHN N. SMITH; ADAKOLE, ENONCHE; LASISI, FOLAKE ABIODUN
Department of Office Technology & Management, the Federal Polytechnic, PMB 55, BIDA, Niger State
Abstract
This research work was conducted to identify Database Management Skills required by secretaries for effective job performance in the Federal Polytechnic Bida. The research design was a survey. The population for the study consisted of fifty (50) secretaries in the Federal Polytechnic Bida. A modified 5 points likert scale questionnaire was used to collect data which was analyzed using mean and standard deviation. From the findings of this research, it was revealed among others that, database management security skills, database management design and planning skills and database software management skills were some of the skills required of secretaries in the Federal Polytechnic Bida. It was concluded that the success of a database management depends largely on the acquisition of the above mentioned skills for effective management of database. It was therefore, recommended that secretaries should endeavor to obtain a formal education in database management discipline as this will sharpen, expose and broaden their perception about managing database of an organization successfully. Secretaries in the institution should periodically review the goals and objectives for which the databases were created as this can be achieved through the identification of strength, weakness, opportunities and threats inherent in database management by implementing strategic database work plans. The institution should periodically organize seminars, workshops and lectures for secretaries to enable them acquire what is recent about database skills, ideas and database managerial abilities necessary for self-reliance.
Keywords: Database, Management, Skills, Secretaries, Job Performance
REAL EXCHANGE RATE (RER) AS A POLICY TOOL FOR INDUSTRIAL DIVERSIFICATION AND GROWTH IN AFRICA
*ONIPEDE ADENIKE MARY; **IGE AZEEZ TEMITOPE; & ***ORIPELAYE OLAKUNLE
*Principal Executive Officer II (Research), Corporate Affairs and Information (CAI) Department, National Productivity Centre, Oyo State Office. **Productivity Research Officer I, Corporate Affairs and Information (CAI) Department, National Productivity Centre, Oyo State Office. ***Productivity Research Officer I, Productivity Capacity Building (PCB) Department, National Productivity Centre, Oyo State Office
Abstract
Appropriate exchange rate (ER) policies in some Asian and Latin American countries have led to improvement in industrial diversification and growth. The growth ‘miracle’ of the Asian countries centres on the effective use of ER and trade policies, specifically the adoption of depreciation of real exchange rate (RER). However, the case of Africa is different, as the continent is yet to adopt an appropriate ER policy that enhances industrial diversification and growth. Examining the effectiveness of the RER as a policy tool for industrial diversification and growth in 36 African countries, this study applied a dynamic generalised method of moments (GMM) estimation technique to determine how changes in RER affects the growth composition of the three main productive sectors – primary, secondary, and tertiary and their response rates. Our findings suggest that the primary sector leads to appreciation of the RER, while the secondary and tertiary leads to depreciation of the RER. This result has serious policy implication for the Africa continent that has relied so much on the production of primary commodities. Rather than pursue the policy of ER depreciation which affects the primary and secondary sectors, policy shift in favour of the tertiary sector should be highly encouraged.
Keywords: Panel Data; Exchange rate; Industrial policy; Economic growth; Africa; Productive sector; Estimation technique.
PERCEIVED EFFECT OF TAX PAYERS’ ENLIGHTENMENT AND TAX AVOIDANCE ON REVENUE GENERATION: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF BORNO STATE BOARD OF INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE
NUHU, M. A.1 AND MOHAMMED YUSUF2
1Department of Accounting, Federal Polytechnic, Damaturu, Yobe State Nigeria. 2Department of Accountancy, Ramat Polytechnic, Maiduguri, Borno State Nigeria
Abstract
This study examine the Perceived Effect of Tax Payers’ Enlightenment and Tax Avoidance on Revenue Generation: An Empirical Analysis of Borno State Board of Internal Revenue Service. Primary source of data was used in gathering the required information for the study with the aid of structured closed-ended questionnaire. Purposive sampling technique was used to arrive at a sample size of fifty (50) drawn from the total population of ninety-five (95) respondents. Simple linear regression was employed to predict whether the predictor variable namely, tax payers’ enlightenment and tax avoidance have significant effect or not on the dependent variable, that is, revenue generation. It was found that tax payers’ enlightenment and tax avoidance have significant effect on revenue generation evidence from the empirical analysis of the state board of internal revenue Maiduguri, Borno State implying that the internally generated revenues drastically fall due to the attitudes of taxpayers’. The study recommends that the State Board of Internal Revenue Service should ensure a thorough enlightenment champagne across the state on the tax payers and an enforcement of penalties for tax defaulters, avoidance and these penalties should be made clearer and public. This will create real threat and actual carrying out of audit inspection, inquiry, penalty and punishment for an errant taxpayer. The current tax procedure should be amended to provide for establishment of a professional and independent tax tribunal that could hear matters of fact and law in relation to the assessment under appeal.
Keywords: Tax Payers’ Enlightenment, Tax Avoidance, Revenue Generation, Taxation, SBIRS, Maiduguri.
CUSTOMER SERVICE AS IT AFFECTS PATRONAGE OF BANKING SERVICES IN FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, ABUJA
KEHINDE, SAMSON OLADEJO1; ABDULLAHI, IBRAHIM2 & BABATUNDE SIKIRU3
Department of Banking & Finance, Federal Polytechnic, Bida Niger State1 Department of Marketing, Federal Polytechnic, Bida Niger State2&3
Abstract
The study seeks to examine the effect of customer service on the patronage of banking services with focus on residents of Area 1, Garki, Abuja. The study used survey design with simple random sampling method to select a sample size of 300 respondents of the study area who are bank customers. The choice of the method is to allow every resident in Garki equal chance of inclusion in the survey. Data for this study was analyzed using descriptive statistic and chi-square to test the formulated hypotheses which revealed that indeed, customer service has significant effect on patronage of banks. A major finding revealed that quality customer services have positive effects on the bank’s image thereby increasing its profitability. It was concluded among others that quality customer service indeed increases banks patronage and makes the customer to be a bank brand loyalist and publicize good image among current and potential customers of banks. Recommendations were made among which is that there is need for financial institutions to adopt the practice of quality customer service delivery and provide effective and reliable network service that will enhance efficiency of services provided by financial institutions not only in the Federal Capital Territory, but throughout Nigeria.
Keywords: Customer service; Affect; Patronage; Financial services; Federal Capital Territory.
IMPACT OF TRAINING COST AND TRAINING NEEDS ASSESSMENT ON PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEES IN SOME SELECTED FIRMS WITHIN BAUCHI METROPOLIS
*BASHARI HADIZA; & **MOHAMMED RABIU MOHAMMED
*Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi. **Department of Business Administration, the Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi.
Abstract
To ensure efficient and effective service delivery training is needed to update and upgrade the skills, knowledge and experience of the employees of any organization, to achieve optimal operation, requires investment in training; employees should be equipped with the right skills which are acquired through intensive training. The success or failure of an organization depends largely on the performance of its employees. The main aim of this study was to examine impact of Training cost, and training need assessment on performance of employees. The study was quantitative and explanatory in nature, where a cross-sectional survey of 209 employees of 4 firms within Bauchi metropolis was carried out using proportionate stratified sampling, and structured questionnaires were distributed personally and with the aid of field assistants to the selected Staff. However, the data collected was analyzed using IBM SPSS software version 2.6. Similarly, Simple regression analyses of the variables (Training cost, and Training needs) show that training cost, and training need assessment a have positive and significant relationship with performance of employees. It was recommended that training budget of staff should be increased in subsequent year. Also, necessary steps should be taken to provide adequate training to the employees as per the need and nature of the job. Training programs should be linked with the employees’ promotions so that the training will help the employees to be motivated, which results in high performance. It is important to provide updated training materials to the employees free of cost or with a nominal charge.
Keyword: Training, Training need, Employees, Performance, Assessment, Motivation.
THE IMPLICATIONS OF COST REDUCTION ON THE PROFITABILITY OF THE MANUFACTURING COMPANIES OF CONSUMABLE PRODUCTS IN NIGERIA
AJIBOYE, OYEBISI ABENI
Department of Accounting, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igboora
ABSTRACT
In Nigeria, manufacturers of consumable goods largely rely on the company’s ability to develop and maximize their profit and reduce their production cost by employing cost control approaches. However, there are suspicions that many consumable products manufacturers are not aware of the implication of costs on their profit margin. Therefore, the present study examines the implication of cost reductions on the profitability of the manufacturers of consumable products in Nigeria. For methodological purpose, the study descriptive and inferential methods, taking twenty-six (26) foods and beverages companies in Nigeria represents the population of the study. The data on their profitability and control covers the periods of 2010 and 2020. Purposive sample techniques were employed to select the companies in consideration; this was done through the data collected from the annual report (secondary data). Data obtained were analysed using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) statistics. The study indicated that the relationship between profitability and material cost was positive and significant. The study concluded that cost reduction and control has a significant effect on the profitability of the manufacturers of consumable products in Nigeria for the period of 2010 and 2020. It is thus recommended that companies policy makers and transaction advisors should be keen on making cost management policies to be applied since they greatly impact on financial performance of the company.
Keywords: Cost Reduction, Profitability, Manufacturers, Manufacturing, Quality Products and Raw Materials
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS IN BUDGETING PUBLIC FUND FOR CRITICAL INFRASRUCTURE TRANSFORMATION IN DEVELOPING WORLD
*OBIAH MMADUBUIKE EMMANUEL; *ADIOHA, N.F.; & **MBAERI, C.C.
*Department of Accountancy, Imo state Polytechnic, Omuma (Mbano Campus), Imo State, Nigeria. **Department of Banking and Finance, Imo state Polytechnic, Omuma (Mbano Campus), Imo State, Nigeria
Abstract
The study examined the cost-benefit analysis in budgeting public fund for critical infrastructure transformation in the developing world. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population was chosen from the staff of ministry of finance, budget office and economic planning of Imo state, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was administered to 50 (fifty) respondents selected through purposive and simple random sampling. The statistical package for social science (SPSS) 20.0 was used as method of data analysis, and multiple (ordinary least square) regression techniques to test the explanatory variables relationship with the dependent variable. The study conducted also descriptive statistics and correlation matrix. The analysis revealed that the various variables are negative, which means the government does not consider cost-benefit analysis in the budgeting of public fund for critical infrastructural transformation. There is poor policy formulation, inefficient deployment of budget resources, execution of allocated resources. The F-stat value of 23.454 is significant at 5% as P<0.05 and confirms statistical significance of the model and that significant linear relationship exists between the independent and dependent variables. The study therefore, concluded that, there was absence utilization of cost-benefit analysis in the budget formulation process and budgeting of public fund for critical infrastructural transformation in the developing world. The researchers recommended that for proper provision of critical infrastructure in the developing world, cost-benefit analysis must be considered in budgeting public fund.
Keywords: Cost-Benefit Analysis, Budget, Public Fund, Infrastructure
ANALYSIS OF SUPERMARKET SHOPPING HABIT AS A YARDSTICK FOR DETERMINING CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR FOR CONFECTIONERY GOODS
NWOKENKWO, B. O.; SALIHU SHEHU & OGUNDEJI, SUNDAY TOLULOPE
Department of Marketing, Federal Polytechnic, Bida Niger State
Abstract
This study is predicated on analysis of supermarket shopping habit as a yardstick for determining consumer buying behaviour for confectionery goods referencing New City and Bida Home Needs Supermarkets. The problem that necessitated this study is the unsatisfactory customer services and checkout experience. The study determines to achieve satisfactory consumer supermarket shopping behaviour. The methodology used for this work is descriptive research design. A total of 50 customers were considered for this study. Primary and secondary data were used; primary data were obtained from questionnaires administered to customers of the two supermarkets. The findings revealed among others that availability of products at sales points influences decisions of customers to purchase them. Also, it was revealed that the visibility of products at the supermarkets influences decisions to purchase such items and brand satisfaction of the products displayed influence consumers’ decision to purchase. It was concluded that the visibility of products at the supermarkets influences decision to purchase such items. As part of the writers’ recommendations, good layout of supermarkets is an important consideration for consumer satisfaction. The manufacturers’ warrantees must be honoured to build customers’ trusts and retain them. Customers should be encouraged to give their feedback on products and about the supermarket offerings.
Keywords: Analysis; Supermarket; Shopping habit; Yardstick; Determining; Consumer; Buying behaviour; Confectionery Goods.
THE IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENTS IN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARA AFRICA COUNTRIES: APPLICATION OF SYSTEM GMM PANEL DATA ANALYSIS
ANUYA, DAVID ENASAVWERIE (PhD)
Department of Banking and Finance, Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe-Oghara, Nigeria
Abstract
The study examines the impact of developments in financial institutions on human development in Sub-Saharan Africa countries from year 2000 to 2019. Particularly, the study examines the three dimensions of financial institutions development in term of access, depth and efficiency on human development. To achieve this objective, the study employed the GMM dynamic panel framework based on Arellano and Bond’s (1991) first difference approach. While lagged levels of the dependent variables for different periods are used as the instruments to control the endogeneity bias associated with dynamic panel specifications, the model adequacy is determined using the J-statistic (Sargan’s test) and the Arellano-Bond first and second order serial correlation tests. The result reveals that financial institutions development is highly significant to human development within the SSA region under the period consideration. Emphasising that development in financial institutions has positive and significant impact on human development. Thus, development in countries financial institutions in terms of access, depth and efficiency would lead to higher human development in general for SSA Counties. The study therefore, recommended that SSA countries focus on developing and implementing policies and program that will critically improve developments in financial institutions if they must achieve higher human development.
Keywords: Financial Institutions, Human Development, GMM Panel Data Analysis
IMPACT OF NON-MONETARY COMPENSATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE (A STUDY OF BIDA LOCAL GOVERNMENT COUNCIL)
AYODELE, CHURCHILL; & IDAOMI, OLORUNFEMI TAIYE,
Department of Business Administration and Management, School of Business Administration and Management, the Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State
Abstract
Non-monetary compensations offer employee autonomy and personal recognition, pleasant work environment, flexible work hours, training, new and challenging opportunities, and allowances. These incentives are sometimes called rewards, as they meet the employee’s internal needs. Hence, the present study examined two major non-monetary reward system variables (recognition and pleasant work environment) as antecedents of employee performance (quality of work and quantity of work). The population comprised 646 staff of Bida local government council. The researcher chose to adopt the simple random sampling method i.e. by selecting some respondents among the entire staff of Bida local government thereby giving all the element of the population an equal opportunity of being selected. For the purpose of this study, determining the sample size is most importantly dependent on the total population of Bida local government and the researcher has selected the (100) to constitute the sample size because of the subject of this study. The 100 questionnaires administered and returned were used for analysis with the aid of statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS). Results demonstrate that recognition does not have a positive relationship quality of work at Bida local government secretariat and also, a pleasant work environment does not have positive relationship with quantity of work at Bida local government secretariat. In conclusion, the analysis above showed that recognition and quality of work are not significantly related in while pleasant work environment and quantity of work are not positively related. This study recommends that Bida local government council should establish recognition as a widely applied practice and make it be part of the organization culture. Also, the council management also needs to work on making sure environment is spacious enough to allow working without strain for the employees.
Keywords: Recognition, pleasant working environment, employee performances
EFFECT OF JOB STRESS ON EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE IN UNIVERSITY OF ABUJA, ABUJA – NIGERIA
1AHMED ALIYU TANKO, 2AHMED ALIYU TANKO, 3ABDULRAHMAN YUSUF
1Department of Business Administration & Management, Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa, Nasarawa State – Nigeria. 2Department of Accountancy, Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa, Nasarawa State – Nigeria. 3Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa, Nasarawa State – Nigeria.
Abstract
Employees in an organization are unique assets that can be proud of adding value to the organization diligently to enhance general activities by coming up with something good and unique however, this is often not achieved in University of Abuja because job stressors like low self-esteem, workload, depression and anxiety have influenced the performance employees in University of Abuja with an alarming increase of economic consequences. The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of job stress on the performance of employees in University of Abuja. Survey method was used and data was collected using a well structure questionnaire which was analyzed using Descriptive Statistics and Chi-square to test the formulated hypotheses. A population of 4,500 employees and a sample of 367 respondents were drawn using Yamane’s (1967) simplified formulae. The findings showed that low self-esteem, workload, depression and anxiety were positively affected the performance of employees in University of Abuja. The study concluded that job stressor significantly affects employees’ performance in the institution. The study concludes that job stressor significantly affects employees’ performance in the institution. Based on the findings, the study recommends that management of the institution should encourage creativity and innovation to reduce low self-esteem through research witting, training, delegation of authority and timely payment of allowances to curtail the stressors. Qualify and professional employee should be employed to reduce the workload and give room for contributions when there is a changes on the technology in use to improve performance. Recreational centre should be upgraded by the management of the institution for relaxation to alleviate depression and anxiety and encourage employee to go for annual leave.
Keywords: Employee, job, performance, stress and stressor.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS
*LAWAL MOSHOOD KAYODE; **OLUYEMI OLADELE TAIWO; & **ABIOLA OLAKUNLE A.
*Department of Local Government Studies, the Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki. **Department of Public Administration, the Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki
ABSTRACT
Entrepreneurship education is a lifelong process starting as early as elementary school and progressing through all levels of education, including adult education. It is also a key driver for a nation’s economy with tertiary institution teaching assistance and support. The paper discusses the introduction and some key elements that are relevant to the study. It also deals with importance of entrepreneurship education, embolding entrepreneurship education in Nigeria. The paper adopted a descriptive design with secondary method of data collection. It reveals that despite the integration of entrepreneurship curriculum into higher schools in Nigeria, government still neglects its financial responsibility in providing necessary tools that are needed for entrepreneurship lecturing at various higher institutions of learning in the country. therefor the paper concludes that economic development can only be achieved in most tertiary institutions’, entrepreneurship teaching with constant government support in Nigeria.
Keywords: entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship education, economic growth, economic development, Nigeria
HUMAN CAPITAL DISCLOSURE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: A LITERATURE REVIEW
ISA, REHANET1; MURTALA, JUMAI AJUMA2; & ISA, FATIMA3
1&2Department of Business Education, Federal College of Education, Zaria Kaduna State, Nigeria.3Department of Economics, Federal College of Education, Zaria Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Abstract
This study is poised as a review of existing literature on human capital disclosure and financial performance. The study was conducted for a ten-year period from year 2012 – year 2022. It is aimed at showcasing the trends in findings from different timeframes and countries. The studies reviewed revealed that human capital disclosure has mixed results. It has been found to be positively or negatively significant to financial performance in some studies and insignificant to financial performance in other studies. Also, the studies reviewed disclosed that human capital had high disclosure rate in some countries and timeframes and low disclosure rate in other countries and timeframes. Overall, judging from the literature reviewed, it was evident that human capital disclosure is the most researched among the components of intellectual capital. This goes to show that the component of intellectual capital called human capital has intrigued researchers from various countries and through various timeframes.
AN ASSESSMENT OF FORENSIC ACCOUNTING IN NIGERIA: EVIDENCE FROM THE BANKING INDUSTRIES
*AKAMIOKHOR, CLIFFORD ALIU; & **OKOLOGUME, HENRY CHUKWUDI
*Department of Accountancy, School of Business Studies, Federal Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria. **Department of Banking and Finance, School of Business Studies, Federal Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out under the title “an assessment of forensic accounting in Nigeria – evidence from the banking industries”. The objectives of the study was to examine the extent to which the application of forensic accounting services in the banking industries deter fraudulent activities, to determine how the application of forensic accounting detect and minimize computer related fraud, as well as to investigate the relationship between forensic accounting and financial fraud control in the banking industries. The instrument used for the purpose of this research was gathered through primary source. The mass of information generated from the questionnaires was summarized in form of table and analyzed using simple percentage. The researcher administered two hundred (200) questionnaires to respondents, out of which one hundred and eighty-eight (188) were retrieved for the purpose of presenting and analyzing responses to issues raise in the questionnaires. The hypotheses were tested using chi-square statistical tool. The findings from the analysis revealed among other things that the application of forensic accounting services in the banking industries deters fraudulent activities. It study also show that the application of forensic accounting detect and minimize computer related fraud, and that there is a significant relationship between forensic accounting and financial fraud control. In line with the findings, we therefore recommend that corporate organizations (especially banks) should encourage active personnel to learn financial rules of crimes and their application such as forensic accounting.
Keywords: Forensic accounting, computer, fraud, criminals, banking industries.
EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT IN DECISION MAKING AND FIRMS’ PERFORMANCE [A STUDY OF NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY AND SEVEN UP BOTTLING COMPANY IN OWERRI, IMO STATE]
CHIDI M. AYOZIE
Department of Management, Faculty of Management Sciences, Imo State University Owerri, Imo State
ABSTRACT
This study examined employee involvement in decision making and firm’s performance in the manufacturing sector in Nigeria. In line with the above, four research objectives, four research questions and four research hypotheses guided the study. Survey research design was used and questionnaire served as the instrument of data collection. From the population of 200, the researcher sampled 133 staff. But out of 133 staff sampled, only 120 questionnaires was properly filled, returned and used. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentage. Based on that the findings revealed that employee involvement in decision making significantly affect customer attraction; and there is significant relationship between employee involvement in decision making and product innovation. It was recommended that organizations should incorporate in their policies effective participative management mechanism to aid decision making; organizational workers at all levels should be involved in decision making so as to contribute their quota for organizational growth and development; training of subordinate should be encouraged by organizations to enable them acquire the requisite skills needed for improved performance; and collective bargaining should be adopted by management to maintain industrial democracy, harmony and hence improved productivity.
Keywords: employee involvement, decision making, firm’s performance, manufacturing sector, customer attraction and product innovation.
IMPACT OF AUDIT COMMITTEE EFFECTIVENESS ON CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY: A CASE OF SATYAM COMPUTERS
ABDULLAHI ADAMU DODO CCA
Department of Accountancy, School of Business and Management Technology, the Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
This paper examined the roles and the effectiveness of Audit Committees as provided by corporate governance codes, in relation to corporate sustainability, whether corporate sustainability is as a result of the effectiveness of the ACs.The AC is perceived to be a means of strengthening the external financial reporting process, and also facilitating the detection and prevention of corporate misconduct and scandals. This paper study the case of SATYAM computers and the role played by it AC in the governance process. The study used Secondary sourced data to investigate the roles of AC in the cases study company, a qualitative case study method was employed to investigate the corporate governance and the AC activities. One of the main findings of the study is that many corporate failures are associated with the ineffectiveness of ACs, and that ACs could have prevented the occurrence of several corporate failures if they were efficient. However, the ACs cannot be 100% blamed for the failures, This is because their effectiveness is a subject to so many factors (independence, industry expertise, information flow, inbuilt willingness to serve, and organizational factors), which are always lacking, and lack of any one factor always renders the AC ineffective. It was also found that ACs can ensure corporate sustainability and tackle the occurrence of corporate failure when the right people are nominated into the committee, and they are independent of any managerial influence.
Keywords: Corporate governance, corporate failures, corporate sustainability, and Audit committee