SUB-SAHARA AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AFRICAN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (SJASD)
VOL 15 (2) MARCH, 2020 ISSN: 2115-4255
Published by:
Sub-Sahara African Academic Research Publications,
Centre for African Development Studies, University of Ibadan,
P. O. Box 10108, U. I. Post Office. Ibadan Oyo State,
Nigeria, West-Africa.
Email: ssaapublications@gmail.com
PAPERS:
ENTREPRENEURIAL INNOVATION IN FOOTWEAR PRODUCTION AMONG UNDERGRADUATES IN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, ABEOKUTA, NIGERIA
*AKINYELE, SAMUEL TAIWO **AKINYELE, ESTHER FEYISAYO & *ASHIRU, FATAI ADEROJU
*Dept. of Entrepreneurial Studies, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria **Dept. of Business Administration, School of Postgraduate Studies, Crawford University Igbesa, Ogun State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Assessment of innovation is key that will enhance sustainability of quality control in any organization, however the objective of every organization is to satisfy the needs of customers and as well as the stakeholders, when organization is facing with challenges of competitive advantage with others firms .The factor that can be used to survive is innovation, in other hand entrepreneurship has been identify as main solution to unemployment. This study assessed the entrepreneurial innovation in footwear production in Abeokuta, Ogun State. A purposive random sampling technique was used to select a total number of 93 respondents among all the footwear producers in Abeokuta. The primary data were collected on personal demography, new products design and knowledge acquisition, new process method and total production and new market strategy and consumer demand and quality with the use of questioner. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics such as Pearson product moment correlation (PPMC), two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression. Results showed of the hypothesis revealed that. New product design (x̅=5.6195), knowledge acquisition (x̅=5.1805), total production (x̅=5.0780), new market strategy (x̅=5.1805), consumer demand and quality (x̅=5.4000), new process method (x̅=5.3585), ANOVA showed the significant (p<0.05) relationship between product design and knowledge acquisition (F=16.848) at 0.000b significant level. Correlation showed the significant (p<0.01) relationship new product design and knowledge acquisition with positive correlation coefficient of (0.417) Correlation also show the significant (p<0.01) relationship between new process method and total production correlation coefficient of 0.336. In conclusion, the study shows the relevance of entrepreneurial innovation in footwear. The study also recommends that entrepreneurs should be aware of impact of innovation in order to achieve breakeven.
Keywords: Entreprenurship, Innovation, Unemploument, Competitive advantage, Customers
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE DISEASE FREE EQUILIBRIUM STATE AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF PARAMETERS WITH RESPECT TO THE BASIC REPRODUCTIVE NUMBER OF A DETERMINISTIC MODEL OF LASSA FEVER
ENAGI, A. I1 AND MUHAMMED, I1
1Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
In this study, we carry out the stability analysis of the disease free equilibrium state and sensitivity analysis of parameters with respect to the basic reproductive number of the model presented in (Enagi and Muhammed, 2019).The disease-free equilibrium state is stable if and R0є (R0H,R0R) ˂ 1 otherwise unstable. We also analyzed the global stability of the disease-free-equilibrium using Castillo-Chavez, Feng and Huang approach. The result shows that the disease-free-equilibrium state is also globally asymptotically stable. The most sensitive parameters to the humans’ basic reproduction number are the natural birth rate, Λ1 and contact rate β, while the most sensitive parameters to the rodents’ basic reproduction number are the natural birth rate, Λ2 and contact rate, λ.
Keywords: Lassa Fever, Equilibrium State, Stability Analysis, Sensitivity Analysis, Basic Reproduction Number.
MODELLING OF FLOOD PRONE AREAS IN BAUCHI METROPOLIS, BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES
ISAH, YAKUBU LERE, ABDULKADIR, AHMED, HASSAN, REKIYA, MUHAMMAD, MAGAJI IBRAHIM
Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
Abstract:
Increase in frequency of flooding in Bauchi metropolis is a major cause for concern during rainy season. The research was aimed at Modelling of Flood Prone Areas in Bauchi Metropolis, Bauchi State, Nigeria and this was achieved through the processing of Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) of 90 meters resolution and Pleiades image of 0.5 meter resolution. The factors were generated are fill sink (elevation), Flow direction, Flow accumulation, Terrain Wetness Index, and creation of buffer zones around the rivers to show the proximity. The results shown that 573 meters is in lowland areas while 760 meters is in highland areas, Flow direction map shown the various ways by which water flows as indicated with different colours, flow accumulation map shown the cumulated number of each cell which is the lowest volume of water is 1 m3 and the highest volume is 9285 m3, and the Terrain Witness Index map shown the value of 24.45 as a more saturated in a given cell which the values of 9.29 are less saturated. The flood-prone map shown that 7.6% of the areas at 30 meters buffered around the rivers were classified as vulnerable to flood, 13.4% of the areas at 60 meters buffered around the river were classified as moderate vulnerable to flood, 19.5% of the areas at 90 meters buffered around the rivers were classified as less vulnerable to flood, 26% of the areas at 120 meters buffered around the rivers were classified as very less vulnerable to flood, while 33.5% of the areas at 150 meters buffered around the rivers were classified as not vulnerable to flood respectively. It is recommended that further research should be conducted using Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) software in mapping of flood-prone areas and a predicting model should be produced for future occurrence of flooding. It is also recommended that LIDAR as a new technology should be used to improve the quality of digital terrain representation in order to generate TIN and recommended that Areas that are vulnerable to flooding be relocated.
Keywords: Modelling, Flood, Prone, Bauchi Metropolis, Remote Sensing, GIS, Techniques, Flow direction, Flow accumulation, Terrain Wetness Index, Buffer, Proximity, Shuttle, Radar, Mission, Vulnerable.
ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS AND THEIR MODE OF ACTIONS
I.MUHAMMAD1, PUKUMA, S. M.2 SULEIMAN A.1, and AISHATU A.1
1Gombe State University, Biological Sciences Department 2Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Zoology Department
ABSTRACT
Malaria is a life threatening parasitic disease and is considered as a complex and overwhelming public health problem. For long, prevention and treatment of the disease heavenly depend on Prophylaxis and chemotherapy using different synthetic drugs which target some specific organells or stages in the life cycle of the parasite. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to exhaustively review the state of knowledge on antimalarial drugs and their mode of action. Antimalarial drugs fall in to three classes based on their action on the parasite, these are Quinolines(Quinine, Chloroqjuine, Amodiaquine, Primaquine, Mefloquine and Lumefentrin), Antifolate (Pyrimethamine, Proguanil and Sulfadoxine), Artemisinin, Artusenate, Artemether and Areether) and Hydroxynapthaquinones (Atovaquine). Based on their action on different developmental stages of the parasite, the antimalarial drugs are classified as Hypnozoiticide, which act on the liver stage of P.vivax and P.ovale e.g Primaquine, Blood schizonticide which act on the erythrocytic stage of the parasite(e.g Chloroquine), Gametocytocide (artemisinins and primaquine) which attack the gametocyte stage and Sprontocide (e.g Pyrimethamine) which prevent the development of oocyte and multiplication of the parasites in the mosquito gut when ingested with the blood of the human host (e.g., primaquine, chloroguanide, pyrimethamine). For most of these antimalarial drugs, their exact mechanism of action is yet to to be properly elucidated, but there exist several hypotheses behind their mode of action. For Quinolines it is believed that they interfere with Haemoglobin digestion which leads to the generation of toxic heme that accumulate in the digestive vacuole thereby interfering with or inhbiting proper functioning of protein, consequently lead to the death of the parasite. Antifolate interfere with folate metabolism while Artemisinin and it derivatives are thought to interfere with normal functioning of Mitochondria of the parasite. For effective prevention and Treatment, combination therapy using different classes of drugs should be encouraged in order to drastically avoid the risk development of resistance by the parasite.
Keywords: Quinolines, Antifolate, Artemesinin, Plasmodium falciparum, Mechanism of action
DETERMINATION OF GROUNDWATER (HYDROCHEMISTRY) CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT FOR CONSUMPTION AND IRRIGATION PURPOSE IN LANGAT RIVER BASIN, SELANGOR
WAZIRI HASSAN IBRAHIM & NOORAIN MOHD ISA
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Abstract
Evaluation of groundwater quality is very important as it is widely used for drinking and other day to day activities. Therefore, this study aims to monitor the groundwater quality for the safety of public health and plant. Groundwater samples were taken from fifteen (15) different wells and analysed for various physico-chemical parameters such as pH, temperature (temp), salinity (Sal), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids, (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO) and turbidity (turb). Major ions in the study include anions (bicarbonate (HCO3–), chloride (Cl–), sulphate (SO42-) and nitrate (NO3–). While cations are calcium (Ca2+) magnesium (Mg2+) sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+). The pH values in most of the station are lower than the permissible range of (WHO and MOH) standard limit. The value ranges from 4.68-7.58 with an average of 5.94. The TDS ranges from 33 mg/l – 1698 mg/l with an average of 229.8 mg/l. Laboratory analysis were carried out in all the major ions listed above and Statistical analysis were conducted using SPSS version 25. Pearson correlation were analysed to identify the relationship of the parameters with each parameter. Anions dominance in the study area is HCO3– > Cl– ˃ SO42-. While the Cations dominance ions are Na+ ˃ K+ ˃ Ca2+ ˃ Mg2+. The results show that the groundwater is of Na+Cl-SO42- water type and the chemistry are controlled mainly by weathering of rock, agricultural activities, and evaporation. Piper diagram was used to identify the type of groundwater water in the study area the groundwater chemical composition is mainly K+, Cl–, and SO42-.The suitability of groundwater irrigation use was determine through %Na Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Kelley’s ratio, and Magnesium hazards (MH). The results indicated that 75% of the wells is suitable for irrigation.
Keywords: physico-chemical agricultural, groundwater quality, major ions, pollution, monitoring and drinking purposes.
DETERMINATION OF GROUNDWATER (HYDROCHEMISTRY) CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT FOR CONSUMPTION AND IRRIGATION PURPOSE IN LANGAT RIVER BASIN, SELANGOR
WAZIRI HASSAN IBRAHIM & NOORAIN MOHD ISA
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Abstract
Evaluation of groundwater quality is very important as it is widely used for drinking and other day to day activities. Therefore, this study aims to monitor the groundwater quality for the safety of public health and plant. Groundwater samples were taken from fifteen (15) different wells and analysed for various physico-chemical parameters such as pH, temperature (temp), salinity (Sal), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids, (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO) and turbidity (turb). Major ions in the study include anions (bicarbonate (HCO3–), chloride (Cl–), sulphate (SO42-) and nitrate (NO3–). While cations are calcium (Ca2+) magnesium (Mg2+) sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+). The pH values in most of the station are lower than the permissible range of (WHO and MOH) standard limit. The value ranges from 4.68-7.58 with an average of 5.94. The TDS ranges from 33 mg/l – 1698 mg/l with an average of 229.8 mg/l. Laboratory analysis were carried out in all the major ions listed above and Statistical analysis were conducted using SPSS version 25. Pearson correlation were analysed to identify the relationship of the parameters with each parameter. Anions dominance in the study area is HCO3– > Cl– ˃ SO42-. While the Cations dominance ions are Na+ ˃ K+ ˃ Ca2+ ˃ Mg2+. The results show that the groundwater is of Na+Cl-SO42- water type and the chemistry are controlled mainly by weathering of rock, agricultural activities, and evaporation. Piper diagram was used to identify the type of groundwater water in the study area the groundwater chemical composition is mainly K+, Cl–, and SO42-.The suitability of groundwater irrigation use was determine through %Na Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Kelley’s ratio, and Magnesium hazards (MH). The results indicated that 75% of the wells is suitable for irrigation.
Keywords: physico-chemical agricultural, groundwater quality, major ions, pollution, monitoring and drinking purposes.
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE FACTORS AFFECTING CONSTRUCTION PROJECT COSTS IN A.T.B.U CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
LAWAL ZUBAIRU ADAM1, I.Y.MOHD2 ADAMA LAMI KAWU3
Department of Building Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The study investigates the factors affecting construction project costs in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (A.T.B.U) Bauchi. The importance of this study was to benefit stakeholders in construction industry in determining the factors which affect construction costs. To facilitate this study, both primary and secondary data collection were used. Twenty eight completed questionnaires returned out of the forty five administered were analysed using mean ranking method with the help of statistical package for social science (SPSS). The result from the study shows that the main factors affecting construction project costs in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (A.T.B.U) Bauchi are cost of materials, poor financial control on site, poor purchasing planning and material coordination, fluctuation of price of building materials, contract management, currency exchange rate, and wrong method of estimation. The study concludes that there is a need for clear allocation of responsibility for monitoring and controlling factors affecting construction to qualified individuals or professionals who can handle the project effectively. However, the study recommend that much focus should be placed on the major factors affecting construction project costs in order to reduce the cost of construction cost, enhance construction performance and generate confidence within the construction industry, professionals within the construction industry should become more alive to their responsibilities to avoid conflict in carrying out their duties.
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION INTERVALS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF ONION (Allium cepa L.) IN MAIDUGURI SUDAN SAVANNA OF NIGERIA
J.A. BASSI & F. B. GAMBO
Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri – Nigeria.
Abstract
Field experiment was conducted during dry season of 2018/2019 at the Teaching and Research Farm Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri to determine the effect of irrigation intervals on growth and yield of onion (Allium cepa). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with treatments allocated to the plots as 1, 2, 3 and 4 days irrigation intervals replicated three times. Agronomic parametrs collected includes; plant height, number of leaves per plant, bulb diameter, bulb weight and total yield respectively. Results showed that, two days irrigation interval produced the taller plant and number of leaves at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after transplanting (WAT). Similarly, greater bulb diameter and bulb weight were higher at 2 days irrigation interval. 4 days irrigation intervals produced the lower growth, development and yield components than 1 or 3 days irrigation interval.
Key words: Irrigation, Interval, Onion, Days, Allium
THE SITUATION OF THE CHURCH IN THE NORTH EAST
*PROF. KANU, IKECHUKWU ANTHONY **MIKE BONI BAZZA, PhD & ***OMOJOLA IMMACULATA OLU, PhD
*Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, Tansian University, Umunya, Anambra State **Department of History and International Relations, Veritas University Abuja (The Catholic University of Nigeria) ***Department of Business Administration and Management, Villanova Polytechnic, Imesi Ile, Osun State.
Abstract
This paper is a testament of an insider, a close observer and to some extent a victim of the conflict in this area. The discourse addresses the situation of the Church in the North East which presupposes the first contact as a mystery of God’s providential plans. The first contact of the Church with Africa South of the Sahara did not take place until well into the 16th century notwithstanding the fact, that North Africa was there on the day of Pentecost, as narrated in the Acts of the Apostles. While the paper does not delve into interrogating the many reasons why Islam crossed the desert and Christianity did not, however, it suffices to say here that when the appointed time came, God sent Portuguese missionaries, who accompanied their countrymen sailors and merchants to many locations along the African coast. Progressively, the paper historically, projects the people of the North East Zone as people who have been known to be peaceful and enterprising as defined by the successes of the various empires that ruled the Zone in pre-colonial times. It posits that, the ongoing security challenges faced by the Zone have had a detrimental impact on the psychological state of individuals living in the Zone as well as the economy of the Zone. Furthermore, it assesses the ruins of Boko Haram in the North East while stating that for close to thirty years (CBM/EYN) and the (RCM) operated in this region without any other rival mission and thus, had the greatest impact in the area in terms of membership and socio-economic activities. The discussion concludes by stating that there are a lot of complaints in the nation and Christians are not the only ones going through hard times and therefore, they are definitely, not worse off than others. The challenge is whether, as Christians, we are making our due contribution towards building in our nation the Lord’s kingdom of justice, love and peace.
Keywords: Africa, Church, Christianity, Boko Haram, Peace, Conflict, North East
THE QUESTION OF FOOD SECURITY IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID LANDS IN AFRICA: INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLEMENTERS OF DEVELOPMENT
*EMOIT PETER O. IMATARI & **PROF. KANU, IKECHUKWU ANTHONY
*College of Biological and Physical Sciences, Institute of Climate Change and Adaptations (ICCA), University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya **Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, Tansian University, Umunya, Anambra State
Abstract
Development in Africa’s ASALs have been fraught with problems and failure for years because development needs have usually been diagnosed by outsiders who may have little real understanding and appreciation of such land use systems. In Kenya, ASALs is estimated to be four- fifth of the land area supporting 25%-30% of the human populations living in the ASALs. This paper has delved into factors influencing food security in ASALs, its causes and approaches suggested by different proponents. It discovered that the ASAL situations in Kenya vary depending on the aridity. The theoretical framework developed indicated that there is need for bottom up approach to improve food production in the HHs.
Keywords: Arid Land, Semi-Arid Land, Africa, Problems, Perspectives
TOWARDS HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS (HEIS) IN NIGERIA FOR RESEARCH, INNOVATIONS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
UMAR MUAZU TADAMA1, NANA AISHA KAIGAMA2 DANCHAL COMFORT VANDU3 NURUDEEN BABA4
1Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, 2Department of Business Administration and Management Technology 3Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology 4Department of Arabic Studies Technology. Federal Polytechnic, Mubi. Adamawa State-Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Honestly speaking, education is the driving force for growth of every nation and economy. An economic growth is driven by the productivity of a nation’s workforce, whereas productivity of any workforce is based on its education. As a result, all nations give superiority to the education of their citizens, making sure that as many citizens as possible have access to education. Undoubtedly, the impact of education on society becomes better as the number of people with access to HEIs increases. Hence this paper shows that HEIs is a level of education where citizens are finally prepared to contribute their quotas to socio-economic development, and also deduce that the impact of HEIs is identified to be affected by certain factors, amidst which research and innovations stands tall. The ability of graduates of HEIs to contribute credible quotas to socio-economic development practically depends on how well they are taught in their respective HEIs. Resource persons therefore have a vital role to play in ensuring effectiveness in HEIs in Nigeria. In every HEIs therefore, the quality of education is contingent on the performance of academic staff, to maximize performance every HEIs are expected to set the highest educational qualification and experiences as the basis for effective teaching and learning in its environment. On the job training and exposure to research work are other basic measures instituted by HEIs to maximize the performance of resource persons.
Keywords: Universities, Polytechnics, Colleges, HEIs, R&D, Innovations, Workforce, Employment, Socio-Economic, Development.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF RED BORORO BULLOCKS FED TWO ENERGY AND TWO PROTEIN SOURCES IN MUBI, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA.
BABALE, D.M1., MAMZA, M.I2. AND I.U. DAZALA1
1Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Adamawa State University, Mubi, Ngeria. 2Madagali Local Government Area, Gulak, Adamawa State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Twelve (12) Red Bororo bullocks with average age of 12 months and weight of 194.69 Kg were randomly allocated to four (4) experimental diets with three (3) animals each designated as treatments T1 to T4 in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The animals in treatment T1-T4 were given concentrates made of cotton seed cake and poultry droppings as sources of crude protein, Maize bran and local brewers’ spent grain as sources of energy. Combination of 50:50 chopped rice straw and crushed groundnut haulms was fed to all animals ad libitum as basal diet. Clean water was provided to the animals ad libitum. After adjustment period of 7 days, Parameters determined were, proximate compositions of feed ingredients and experimental diets, initial live weights of the animals, final live weights, daily dry matter intake, daily weight changes, digestibility of treatment diets, feed conversion ratios and feed efficiencies. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Duncan multiple Range Test was used to separate the means where significant differences occurred. Results showed no significant (P>0.05) differences in initial live weights (ILW) across treatments. However, while the values for daily dry matter concentrate intake (DCI),daily dry matter roughage intakes (DRI) and daily total feed intakes (DFI) were significantly (P<0.05) different across treatments, values for final live weights (FLW), total weight gained (TWG), average daily weight gained (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) were highly (P<0.01) significant across treatments. It is concluded that with the exception of initial live weights, all the feed ingredients used in formulating the experimental diets positively affected all the parameters measured across treatments. Therefore the feed ingredients could be used to formulate the trial diets for cattle fattening.
Keywords: Performance, Red Bororo, Bullocks, Energy, Protein.
POLITICAL DIMENSION OF CONFLICT IN SOUTHERN SUDAN
*JIBRIN UBALE YAHAYA, PhD **MUSA MOHAMMED BELLO (Ph.D inview)
*Department of Political Science, National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) **Institute of Governance and Development Studies, Nasarawa University, Keffi
Abstract
Prior to autonomy and eventual independence, Southern Sudan was a region of the Republic of Sudan, which had achieved independence from the co-rule of Great Britain and Egypt in 1956. Sudan had been divided culturally and ethnically between the majority-Muslim Arab north and the majority-Christian Nilotic south. Southern leaders and members of the Sudan Defense Force cited oppression of the North as reason for growing tensions between the two regions. This led to the formation of the separatist Anyanya rebel army, who sought regional autonomy. The First Sudanese Civil War was a 16 year conflict between the Anyanya and the Sudan People’s Armed Forces. The war ended with the signing of the 1972 Addis Ababa Agreement which granted autonomy to the Southern region of Sudan. After an 11 year period of resolution, the then President Gaafar Nimeiry declared all of Sudan, including the autonomous Southern region, to be an Islamic state. This declaration ended the Addis Ababa Agreement and removed autonomy from Southern Sudan, Sparking the Second Sudanese Civil War from 1983 to 2005. After the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (also known as the Naivasha Agreement) between the government of Sudan and the rebel Sudan People’s Liberation Army, Southern Sudan regained its status as an autonomous region of the Republic of Sudan from 2005 to 2011, when South Sudan gained independence. On 9th January 2005, the Government of Southern Sudan was established after the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement. John Garang, the former rebel leader of the Sudan People’s Liberation Army/Movement, became President of the Government of Southern Sudan .A constitution was adopted in December 2005. The paper has observed three or four political dimensions in the Southern Sudan conflict, although there may be other political views expressed previously by other likeminded, such as Federal State outcry, the Collegial Presidency (CP) and many other views. The views are the Elites’ dimensions of the conflict, the Tribal and the International communities’ dimension. They are not absolutely exhaustive, thus, leaving room for other observers to add their opinions. The paper has also used the secondary source of data by gathering relevant literature on discussing the issue of Southern Sudan Conflict. For peace to be rooted in many African countries our leaders must give priority concern to the national sprit and consolidation rather than given priority concern to ethnic affiliation and the African leaders must operate clean democratic governance that can meet the need and the desire of general public.
Keywords: Ethnic Conflict, National Spirit, Corruption and Good Governance
LEARNING STRATEGIES AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF NEUROTIC AND STABLE STUDENTS OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN SOKOTO STATE, NIGERIA
HARUNA SANI ALIERO, PhD
Department of Education Foundation, Faculty of Education, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero
Abstract
The main thrust of this study is to find out the difference in learning strategy and academic performance of stable and neurotic students of senior secondary schools in Sokoto state. A survey research design was employed for the study. Ten senior secondary schools were selected based on systematic random sampling procedure. The study was made up of a sample size of 160 males and 160 females; given a total of 320 respondents. Three research instruments were adapted for use namely: Learning and study strategy inventory (LASSI),to measure learning strategy, Junior Eysenck personality inventory (JEPI) to measure personality types and English Language and Mathematics Tests to measure Academic performance. Two research hypotheses were formulated for the research. Mean, standard deviation and Two tailed t-test Analysis of variance were the statistical tools used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result from the research hypotheses indicated that: there is a significant difference in the academic performance of stable male and female students and their learning strategies and on the second hypothesis, findings shows that there was no significant difference in the academic performance of neurotic male and female students. Based on these findings, some recommendations were preferred which include; The learning strategy and personality of students should be given prominence by secondary school instructors; and should directly reflect in their teaching methods.
Keywords: Learning Strategies, Academic Performance, Neurotic and Stable Students
ASSESSING THE EFFICIENCY OF ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT AND GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT TOOLS IN THE PARADIGM OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY
TPL. (DR) IKPE, SOLOMON TAR.
Department of Urban & Regional Planning, Federal Polytechnic, Damaturu.
ABSTRACT.
The assertion that population growth and urban expansion affect environmental resources and human welfare is as old as written history itself; furthermore, the observation that rapid growth of the world economy is overtaxing the earth’s natural resources due to extensive use of natural resources has received empirical backing from many quarters. One report after another has warned that unlimited growth of human population and resource-use is no longer sustainable. On the contrary, the economic tools and indicators measure economic growth without integrating environmental externalities that eventually outweigh the advantages of economic expansion and degrade the environment, thus relegating sustainability. Economists have always emphasized increase in possession without considering the adverse impact of natural resource abstraction. The emerging paradigm of sustainable development considers impact of economic investments on the environment to ascertain human wellbeing. Thus, there is growing recognition that traditional economic indicators such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross National Product (GNP), have become insufficient metrics for measurement of human well-being, because they fail to comprehensively integrate social well-being and environmental sustainability. Until a more suitable indicator that measures economic growth without sacrificing its impact on the environment evolves, the resource demand of economies and societies will continue to lopsidedly grow while the biosphere will also continue to be degraded. However, healthy productive ecosystems are the source of the materials and services that satisfy human needs. Managing the ecological asset becomes not only critical, but also challenging. The ecological footprint tool is an emerging tool that integrates environmental indices in measuring sustainable well-being and assesses both production and consumption patterns over time without denying a decent standard of living in the world and to future generation. The paper assesses the efficiency of classical or traditional economic tools and the Genuine Progress Indicators (GPI) especially the ecological footprint with a view to ascertaining its advantages that will help nations to integrate the contemporary indicators to ascertain their true sustainable well-being status in the 21st century.
Keywords: Comparative Assessment, Effectiveness, Ecological Footprint, Gross Domestic Product, Sustainable Development
BENEFITS OF FACE TO FACE AND MOBILE COUNSELLING STRATEGIES TO COPE WITH MENOPAUSAL AGE AS PERCEIVED BY WOMEN TEACHERS IN NIGER STATE: COUNSELLING IMPLICATIONS
SUSSANA ZUBAIRU
Minna Institute Of Technolagy & Innovation, Minna, Niger State
Abstract
This study investigated benefits of face to face and mobile counselling strategies to cope with menopause as perceived by women teachers in Niger state. The choice of teachers was found through their responses to a questionnaire coined “Benefits of Face to Face and Mobile Counselling to Cope with Menopause Age” (BFFMCCMA).It was validated by 3 experts with reliability coefficient of 0.86. Simple random sampling technique was used. 170 primary and secondary school teachers were finally selected from rural an urban schools. One research question and two hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The data were analysed using mean scores whose mean scores are up to cut-off point of 2.05, as positive response. T-test analysis was used to decide on the formulated hypotheses. Results of the mean scores showed that all the teachers accepted the items as benefits of face to face and mobile counselling to cope with menopausal symptoms. However, the result of the t-test analysis showed significance difference between primary and secondary school teachers. Some of the perceived benefits of face to face counselling include; physical contact, establishment of rapport, possibility of questioning, probing and immediate feedback, group counselling is possible, medical intervention at local level is possible when discussing symptoms of menopause. Benefits of mobile include; multi-media communication is possible, leaning takes place and experience is gathered from other clients through mobile learning such as phone, radio, TV, to mention a few. Recommendations such as posting counsellors to health centres, collaborative effort of counsellors and health workers to enlighten adult women, the adoption of community-based counselling to enlighten the public exploring m-learning or e-health counselling as complementary to face to face counselling and the use of local language to enlighten community members on symptoms of menopause.
Keywords: Face to Face Counselling, Mobile Counselling, Menopause, Benefits, Women Teachers, Counselling Strategies.
DISCOURSE OF PESTILENCE AND MEDICATION IN OLA ROTIMI’S THE GODS ARE NOT TO BLAME: LESSONS FOR ORTHODOX MEDICINE
Odekunbi, Sunday Kehinde
The College of Education, Lanlate, Oyo State
Abstract
This study, addressing the lack of attention to medical contents of literary works, dwells on the way pestilence and its medication are handled through discursive strategies in Ola Rotimi’s The gods are not to blame (henceforth The gods). Using aspects of Brown and Levinson’s (1987) face work theory and Mey’s theory of pragmatic acts, it unpacks all utterances related to pestilence made by the key and minor characters in the play. It contextualises pestilence in Kutuje, the physical setting of the text, in a supernatural circumstance, but initially locates its medication in a physical domain, championed by Odewale, the king. It picks out two treatment-related approaches: the folk and the institutional. The folk approach is characterized by face-threatening acts (FTA) with redress (positive politeness) and bald-on-record acts (FTA without redress) which demonstrate Odewale’s ability to accommodate shock and rudeness from his subjects, in spite of his position as the king. His prescriptive, administering and follow-up discursive strategies are consistent with several aspects of patient-centred medicine. The institutional approach, operationalised as a collective effort in seeking solutions to the pestilence, demonstrates a mix of positive politeness, non performance of FTA, negative and bald-on-record politeness. When related to the context of its administration, however, it is almost predominantly patriarchal, largely because of its supernatural orientation which takes its relevance away from orthodox medicine except in their relationship at the level of modesty for the allowance of greater knowledge for medical cure. From this study, doctors should learn that rather than threaten the face of the patients by addressing them wrongly, they should be careful in their choice of words so as to get the cooperation of their patients in the diagnostic and therapeutic processes.
Key Words: The gods, Face work, pragmatic acts, politeness with redress, politeness without redress
THE ROLE OF ACCESS TO FINANCE IN DRIVING INNOVATION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SMES IN NIGERIA? EVIDENCE FROM THE WORLD BANK ENTERPRISE SURVEY
ISARINDE TAYE OLUWAYEMI, ASOYA ANDREW NNAMDI & ADEBAYO AKEEM ADEKUNLE
National Productivity Centre
ABSTRACT
The primary link between financial institutions and economic performance is the provision of resources by these institutions to businesses in order to drive enterprise expansion, sustainability and development. In this study, the role of access to finance in driving innovations and productivity in Nigerian SMEs is investigated using the World Bank Enterprise Survey (ES) dataset. Innovation is defined based on the ES analysis using five compositions. The study considers finance in terms of source in meeting investment needs and in terms of access. Moreover, finance access is categorized as external and internal to a firm with each having different implications. The results from the empirical analysis shows that in general, access to finance drives firm innovation and productivity. In particular, ease of accessing bank loans and credit is shown to be the strongest positive force in driving all types of innovation among SMEs in Nigeria. In the same vein, the type of finance source for investment matters in terms of how it affects innovation: both internal and external sources improve investment in product, process and organizational innovation, but only external financing has effect on R&D spending and use of foreign licensed technology. For productivity, the results show that while structure of financing investment improves productivity, access to finance may actually lead to productivity decline among SMEs in Nigeria.
Keywords: Access to finance, financing investment, innovation, productivity and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs).
TRADE OPENNESS, INDUSTRIALIZATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA (1986-2015)
*ADEGOKE BABATUNDE, **OKORONKWO CHINONYEREM FAITH & ***AGUOMBA CHINWEOBO
*State Coordinator, National Productivity Centre, Rivers State Office **Productivity Capacity Building Department, National Productivity Centre, Rivers State Office ***Productivity Capacity Building Department, National Productivity Centre, Enugu State Office
Abstract.
This paper examines the relationship among trade openness, industrialization and economic growth in Nigeria between 1986 – 2015 using descriptive analysis and Vector Autoregression (VAR) technique. The variables were subjected to a unit root test to examine the properties of the data. The findings that emerged from the impulse response of trade openness, industrialization proxied by industrial output and economic growth proxied by growth in GDP showed that shocks to these variables generally produce a negative response. Exchange rate and inflation produced a negative response to trade openness while they responded positively to industrial output and economic growth. The general response of the variables to shock were mean reverting. The result of the variance decomposition implied; Firstly, industrial output and financial deepening have the potential to contributes to trade openness in the long run. Secondly, trade openness and financial deepening have the potential to contributes to industrial output in the long run. Lastly, trade openness and industrial output have the potential to contributes economic growth in the long run. It was therefore concluded that trade openness has a significant potential to promote industrialization and thereby stimulating the economic growth of the Nigerian economy during the study period. It is therefore recommended that the Nigerian government should implement appropriate industrial and trade policies to duly compete in the global market in addition to new and advanced technologies in enhancing the growth of industries which in turn contributes to positive economic growth of the economy. Also, structural regulation of the industrial sector to foster industrial performance thereby promoting economic growth and lastly, government should encourage the financial sector to offer loans and subsidies to private sector as a driver of economic growth in Nigeria.
Keywords: Trade openness, Economic growth, Industrialization, Vector Autoregression
TOPOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR EFFECTIVE AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF ENVIROMENT
ZAKARI, DANLADI & ADAMU MAKAMA PINDIGA
Department of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The need for the production of Topographic Information System (TIS) of Bauchi Metropolis arose due to the non-availability of Topographic Information System for proper planning of Bauchi town. Therefore, TIS was carried out with the aim of producing a tool for effective planning and land management of Bauchi metropolis. Field and office reconnaissance were carried out in order to be familiar with the terrain and do proper planning on the methodology and equipment to be used for the acquisition and assembling of spatial. The geometric (spatial) data were acquired by ground survey method using Dual Frequency Receiver through the process of traversing and spot heights which were carried out simultaneously. The data processing was adequately and effectively done using GNSS Solution and the data were downloaded to the computer. ArcGIS 10.3 version was used in generating the Digital Terrain Model (DTM), Contour map, Aspect map, hill shade and flow directional map. The interpretation of the maps supports decision making policy needed by the Land surveyors, Architects, Engineers, Urban and Regional planners to plan, design and execute vital infrastructural projects in Bauchi town. It was recommended that TIS should become a lasting tool for decision making and management of land and its resources for effective and sustainable development.
Keywords: Mapping, Topography, Geographic Information System, Interpolation, digital Terrain Model.
FRACTURE TOUGHNESS AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF HEAT-TREATED 0.22% CARBON STEEL
YAKUBU O. H., WOLI T. O., IBRAHIM L. A. AND OGUNDELE S. O.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Offa, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Effect of heat treatment on fracture toughness and microstructure of 0.22% carbon steel has been investigated. Samples of 0.22% C steel were subjected to annealing and normalising heat treatments at a temperature of 900. Tensile tests were then conducted on standard tensile and circumferential notched tensile specimens of both as-received and heat treated steels. Microstructural investigations were also performed on the specimens. Heat treatment resulted in changes in the microstructure and fracture toughness. It was observed that the as-received sample had a higher value of fracture toughness than the heat-treated samples due to finer morphology of ferrite and inter-lamellar spacing of pearlite than the annealed and normalized samples. The fracture toughness results obtained using the CNT test samples were found to be valid (in plain strain condition) and in close agreement with data available in literature.
Keywords: CNT, fracture toughness, carbon steels, heat treatment.
SAE TURBOCHARGER DEVELOPMENT
SIBEUDU CHIWETALU EMENIKE AND OCHUBA NNAMDI
Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Oko
ABSTRACT
The goal of this project was to increase the output of that engine to 60 horsepower and 35 ft-lb through the use of a turbocharger. The addition of a turbocharger to this engine required the design of multiple subsystems such as the intake, exhaust, oiling, fuel, and boost control. Ricardo WAVE engine simulation software was used to optimize designs without having to spend time, money, and resources on actual dynamometer testing of all possible configurations. The simulation’s output was determined to be an accurate representation of the actual engine’s output based on comparison to results obtained from the naturally aspirated engine. The final design produced a simulated power curve with peaks of 63 horsepower and 45 ft-lb of torque at 8 psi of boost. Two turbochargers were available to select from Garrett: the GT12-41 and the GT15V. The GT12- 41 is the smallest turbocharger Garrett currently has available and the GT15V features variable vanes. The GT15V was selected based on matching the compressor map from each to the engine’s predicted operating range as well as quicker boost response offered by the variable vane design. To take full advantage of the turbocharger’s potential for power, the static compression ratio of the engine was lowered from 12.5:1 to 11:1 and E-85 was selected as the fuel. A new piston, connecting rod, valve springs, head studs, head gasket, clutch springs, pressure plate, and modified crankshaft were installed to withstand the increased power output. These components were selected for the engine to safely produce 85 horsepower, allowing room for future Cal Poly FSAE teams to further increase the engine’s output. During testing it was discovered that the variable vanes on the GT15V are not able to limit boost levels below 15 psi. Oil leakage past the compressor seal also proved to be problematic, with a significant volume of oil being sucked into the intake and burned by the engine. Testing also revealed that the engine’s factory oil pump cannot provide enough pressure to feed the turbocharger when the engine and turbocharger are plumbed in parallel. While engine output was not measured across an RPM range, one data point was obtained which proves that this engine is capable of producing and surviving the desired power: 55 hp and 40 ft-lb at 7200 RPM and 15 psi of boost. Re-running the WAVE simulation with 15 psi of boost instead of 8 psi predicts 58 hp and 42 ft-lb at 7200 RPM. These figures are realistically obtainable with more time spent tuning and lend further credibility to the simulation’s accuracy, further suggesting that this system is capable of reproducing the predicted power. We believe that switching to the GT12-41 is the most effective way to regulate boost pressure without adding weight. This should be done in conjunction with continued refinement of critical subsystems in order for the turbocharged engine to become a reliable source of power for FSAE. 13 1.0 Introduction Jackie Stewart, a three time Formula 1 World Drivers’ Champion, once said “It is not always possible to be the best, but it is always possible to improve your own performance.” SLO Racing’s challenge was to implement a turbocharger system onto Cal Poly’s Formula SAE Team car to greatly improve upon the vehicle’s performance. Our senior project team, SLO Racing, consists of Matt Roberts, Eric Griess, and Kevin McCutcheon who are all Mechanical Engineering students at Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo. Our goal was to successfully design and install a complete turbocharger system that would meet all SAE competition regulations for the 2013 Formula SAE car. Stakeholders of this project include the current and future Cal Poly Formula SAE Teams, supervisor John Fabijanic, aspiring engineers who are motivated by the project, and Cal Poly’s College of Engineering. This report outlines the details of the project, including a background to cover the basics of internal combustion and forced induction, requirements of the project, subsystem design development, manufacturing of parts, and testing the turbocharger system. 2.0 Background The internal combustion engine is a man-made marvel that is the driving force behind Formula SAE cars.
BAD LEADERSHIP AND INSECURITY IN NIGERIA: THREAT TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
OGUNODE, PHILIPS OLATUNDE, ABEREOLA, SAMUEL NIYI & OLOWE, TEMITOPE SUNDAY
Department of Marketing, the Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B 5331, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The development of any nation is not majorly determined by the abundance of natural and mineral resources within her possession. It is therefore not a contradiction for a nation to be well-endowed with both natural and human resources, yet, the nation may suffer setbacks in term of development. It is not a gain saying that Nigeria is greatly endowed with resources but bankrupt of visionary and selfless leadership. What is the missing link between the resources abundant in Nigeria and development? This study examined the effect of bad leadership and insecurity on national development. Specifically, it examined the relationships between bad leadership and national development and the relationships between insecurity and national development. Descriptive survey research design was adopted while the population of the study consists of employees of two major institutions in Ekiti State, Nigeria (Federal polytechnic, Ado – Ekiti and Federal University, Oye-Ekiti). Stratified random sampling was used to select 120 respondents from the aforementioned institutions. The research instrument was the questionnaire while the research data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Research findings reveal that the duo of bad leadership and insecurity witnessed in Nigeria since the return to democracy in 1999 have hampered on the development of the nation. It was therefore recommended that eligible voters in Nigeria should assess the credibility and integrity of people seeking public offices for an upward of ten years before they are voted into office.
Keywords: Leadership, security, National Security, National Development.
PROMOTING YOUTH ENTREPRENEURSHIP SKILLS AND JOB CREATION THROUGH MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES) IN BAUCHI STATE NIGERIA
YUSUF ZAKARI
Department of Business Administration and Management, School of Management Studies, Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to explore entrepreneurial approach toward job creation and preventing the occurrence of unemployment in Bauchi State Nigeria. Youth unemployment is continuously increasing in our metropolitan areas, particularly in North east Nigeria, Bauchi State precisely. This increase in youth unemployment is bringing high number of social and economic vices. The significance of job creation and availability of training, and the physical and social quality of urban environment on youth are enormous, and thus, affect their health, life-styles, and well-being. The main aim of this study is to explore successful Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) related income generation opportunities for youth and to promote youth entrepreneurship skills in Bauchi state. Quantitative method was employed. Structured questionnaires were administered to youths in the State. Quantitative data was analyzed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25. The research shall have both theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, the study shall provide a behavioral framework for preventing unemployment in Bauchi State. Practically, the research shall be use by traditional community leaders, local government authorities, state government and federal government of Nigeria at large. The study recommends that establishment of Entrepreneurship Acquisition Skills (EAS) Centre where unemployed youth will be training on entrepreneurship skills such as Wielding and fabrication, Furniture making and Tailoring, in each of the three Senatorial zones of the States.
Keywords: Job creation, Unemployment, Entrepreneurship, Skills, Bauchi State