CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING PROCESSING & SAFETY RESEARCH (CJEPSR)
VOL. 25 NO. 5 – SEPTEMBER, 2022 EDITION
Published by:
Cambridge Research and Publications International,
Africa (Nigeria): CAHDC, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Email: cambridgenigeriapublications@gmail.com
Copyright © 2022 Cambridge Research and Publications International.
Papers:
EFFECT OF LEAD NITRATES CONTAMINATION ON COMPACTION CHARACTERISTICS OF LATERITIC SOIL
ABDULFATAH A.Y1., SANI J E2, MOSES G2., IJIMDIYA T. S3. AND KEVIN O. K4.
1Department of Civil Engineering, Bayero University Kano. 2 Department of Civil Engineering, Nigeria Defense Academy, Kaduna, 3Department of Civil Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria. 4 Department of Civil Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination alters the physical, chemical, and geotechnical properties of soil. A laboratory test was carried out to determine the effect of lead nitrate contamination on the compaction characteristics of lateritic soils. Compaction tests were carried out on both natural and lead nitrate-contaminated soil samples at British Standard light (BSL), West African Standard (WAS) and British Standard Heavy (BSH) compaction energies. Contaminated soil specimens were prepared by mixing the lateritic soil with a maximum 1% lead nitrate concentration at a stepwise of 0.2% by weight of dry soil. The results obtained show that with an increase in the percentage of lead nitrate, maximum dry density for the various compactive effort increase while the optimum moisture content decrease, consequently, as the lead concentration increases there is an increase in maximum dry density with the peak at 0.6% and thereafter there was a reduction, and the maximum dry density value increases from a natural value of 1.68, 1.76, and 1.84 Mg/m3 to 1.89, 1.90, and 2.0 Mg/m3 at 6% lead concentration for BSL, WAS and BSH respectively, Therefore, contaminated lateritic soil will need more compactive effort to set the desired maximum density if used as a hydraulic barrier.
Keywords: Lead nitrate, contamination, compactive effort, compaction, maximum dry density
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF COCONUT SHELLS AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF AGGREGATES FOR CONCRETE PRODUCTION
GANA A.J; & IBE P.A
Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State
Abstract
Concrete is an important material in construction, its components being cement, naturally occurring materials such as fine sand and coarse aggregate. With the increasing rate of construction activities, there has also been inflation in prices of these materials alternative materials with an up to standard durability and workability are being considered. Also in consideration of sustainable development, reusable waste in various parts of the world is being converted and applied as alternative materials to be used in place of coarse aggregates; granite in concrete production. Coarse aggregates are materials with sizes bigger than 4.75mm and can pass through a type 4 sieve. It makes up to 60-80% of concrete and as such is responsible for the strength and major properties (thermal and elastic) of concrete. Coconut shell is a waste from the agricultural sector and industrial processes as well and the presence of these waste materials has caused problems in the mode of disposal in certain tropical areas where its use is on a constant rise daily. The aim of this study is to consider coconut shells as a replacement for natural coarse aggregate. In view of this, the performance evaluation of coconut shell is analyzed, testing concrete strength and workability in comparison to the compressive strength of conventional concrete.
Keywords: performance, Evaluation, Coconut shells, Aggregates, Charcoal, Concrete production
CHARACTERISTIC OF HOLLOW SANDCRETE BLOCKS IN KADUNA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
T.Y. AKANBI; K.O. KEVIN; M.C. OKAH; & P. UZZAH
Dept. of Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Ground Communication Engineering, Airforce Institute of Technology (AFIT) Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Abstract
Characteristic of hollow sandcrete blocks of some selected block producer in Kaduna south local government area. A total of five (5) block producers were visited and aggregates used in the production of sandcrete block collected, a total of 5 blocks per producer was collected and transported to the laboratory of Airforce Institute of Technology where it was cured for a total of 14 days. The test carried out on the aggregates used for the production of sandcrete blocks includes: sieve analysis, specific gravity and bulk density. And the test conducted on the sandcrete blocks includes Dimension and compressive strength test. The mix composition of each of the block producer was also determined. The test result obtained from the physical properties of sand from the various block producers revealed that sand used by the selected block producers in Kaduna state do comply with the specified standard of grading of aggregates, the mix proportion used by the selected block producers is generally between one part of cement to twelve or sixteen parts of sand by volume (1:12 or 16), In terms of dimension, most of the blocks did not meet up the required dimension, the average compressive strength of the blocks ranged from 0.18 N/mm2 to 0.44 N/mm2. The study confirmed that mix ratio, quality, and mixing of the constituent materials affected the quality of sandcrete blocks.
Keywords: sand, Sandcrete Blocks, Compressive Strength, Material Composition, Curing
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY: A BETTER HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION APPROACH IN LOKAKA FIELD, NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA
DAMILARE S. ADEPEHIN
Department of Physics, Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Benue State, Nigeria
Abstract
Adoption of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) to boost the hydrocarbon saturation (Sh) of reservoirs has caught the interests of many researchers in Geosciences. Evidence from literature shows that both primary and secondary recovery methods have failed to account for about 60% hydrocarbon (HC) that is trapped in the reservoirs and getting to discover large productive new fields has become a herculean task. This study identified the fluid nature and boundaries of reservoirs using some relevant geophysical parameters and reservoir rocks physical features such as shale volume (Vsh), permeability (K), water and hydrocarbon saturation (Sw& Sh). Petrophysical data were sourced from the data bank of the Department of Geology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Analysis of data was done using the PETREL 2010 and OpendTect 4.6.0 versions for quality checking, delineation of identified reservoirs, fluid contacts demarcation and fluid types’ determination. The interpreted data were thereafter loaded into Microsoft Excel environment in order to adopt suitable statistical relations for the estimation of Vsh, K, Sw and Sh. Exploration of about 59.4% HC with NaOH, 64.5% HC with KOH, 69.5% HC with NH4OH and 78.5% HC with LiOH were discovered After EOR. Comparison of the Vsh, K, Sw and Sh values before EOR with the values after EOR further showed that the reservoirs produced more HC with EOR. This study concluded that more hydrocarbon saturation can be achieved from reservoirs when EOR is carried out.
Keywords: Enhanced Oil Recovery, Delineation, Shale volume, Geosciences, Geophysical parameters, Permeability, reservoirs.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MICROCONTROLLER- BASED VACUUM CLEANER
A.B. YUSUF, MOSHOOD YUSUF AND A.A HASSAN
Electrical & Electronics Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Abstract
This research project deals with the design and construction of an automatic vacuum cleaner. A cleaner which is capable of efficient floor/dust cleaning and capable of avoiding obstacles is achieved in this project. Today, many people lead busy lives, busy with their work and not getting sufficient time to clean the house. The automatic vacuum cleaner helps to clean the floor. This is done by simply pressing a switch and the cleaner does the work. The cleaner cuts down the labour used in factories and homes for cleaning the floor. The automatic vacuum cleaner has many advantages and applications which are highlighted in this paper. The circuit design consists of; Arduino Mega2560 board, HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors, L298N motor Regulator IC LM7805T, rechargeable 12V 18Ah Gel battery for power supply and other necessary circuit components. The vacuum unit consists of an intake of nozzle, intake port, vacuum chamber and the suction fans. The locomotion unit consists of; two 12V 62rpm geared motors, two drive wheels, one swivel front wheel and other assembly. The microcontroller as the central and intelligent component makes the logical decisions. The microcontroller sends signal to turn ON the suction fans, when the start push button is pressed. The microcontroller also tells the motor driver which direction it should rotate the motors based on the outputs of the three ultrasonic sensors (sensors serve as eyes to the machine, to sense obstacles within a 30cm radius). The developed cleaner will be useful for the household and industrial applications. The cleaner has eliminated the risk of dust cleaning and the physical labour associated with it.
Keywords: Arduino, ultrasonic sensor, motor driver, automatic vacuum cleaner, geared motor.
MICROCONTROLLER BASED INFRARED CAR SPEED POST
ORISANAIYE, B. A.1, BASHIR, S. M.2, MUSA, A.I.3, SHAWULU, J. C.4
1Department of Mechatronics Engineering, FPTB, Bauchi, Nigeria. 2,4Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering ATBU, Bauchi. 3NCPRD ATBU/Energy Commission of Nigeria
.
Abstract
This paper presents a device designed to detect over-speeding on highways and sound an alert to the traffic authorities in case of any violation. Similar devices aimed at detecting over-speeding were made in the past. In most of earlier devises human intervention is needed and this consume more time and cost. In this paper we intend to design a system aimed at instant detection of vehicle speed, give an alert of over-speeding to the security personnel and capture the picture of the speed limit defaulter for record keeping. The entire implementation requires a Laser transmitter, and a photo detector as the receiver, dc power supply, a control circuit, a buzzer and a camera. The speed limit is set by the user who uses the system depending upon the traffic regulation at the given location. The time taken by the vehicle to travel from one set point to the other is calculated by control circuit and displays that on liquid crystal display. Once a vehicle crosses the speed limit, a buzzer sounds an alert while the camera snaps the picture of the vehicle focusing on the plate number.
Keywords: Laser, Violation, Photo Detector, Speed limit, Camera, Traffic…
INTEGRATED RESOURCE PLANNING IN ENERGY SECTOR
BOYA SAMSON1, YUNUSA M. A.2, G. N. JOLA3, C. S. ONATE4.
1234Department of Electrical Electronics Department Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi state Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The energy crises have brought about different level and forms of generating power to meet the need of the immediate environment and as such the availability of the available source can be utilized to meet the need of the demand available. the implementation of time of user (TOU) tariff turns out to be a double-edged sword since the new tariff is much higher than the original block tariffs. Even after load shifting is done, the electricity bill decreases but still comes out higher than the original bill using block tariff. Only after the equipment are changed to more efficient ones, the monthly electricity bill is lower than the original bill. Based on the above observations, it is observed that DSM program could only work and be beneficial with economic potential towards consumer only if load shifting is done.
STABILIZATION OF PROBLEMATIC BLACK COTTON SOIL FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF ENGINEERING STRUCTURES USING ADMIXTURES (A REVIEW)
NWEZE CYRUS IWEKA; AND BABA BENJAMIN
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Oko, Anambra State, Nigeria
Abstract
Black Cotton soil is a problematic soil as it is expansive in nature. The swelling and shrinking properties in Black Cotton soil is imparted due to the presence of the mineral component montmorillonite. It is predominately Black Cotton, black in colour with a smooth texture. Construction over this particular soil is always security challenging due to its low strength and less drainage property. The soil is always a threat to the strength and stability of pavements and highways. This research was an investigation in to the effect of River sand and cement as an admixtures on the properties of Black Cotton soil in order to attain an economically stabilizable state with various percentages of an admixtures (cement river sand). The percentage of cement used were 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% and that of river sand was 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 respectively. Details procedure of tests conducted both preliminary and main tests ran were analyzed. Preliminary results indicated that the Black Cotton soil is classified as an A – 7 – 5 soil whose properties are such that, they are not economically stabilize or useable in their natural states for pavement works. details results presented shows that with increase in cement content OMC, grain size and plastic limit increases while the liquid limit, MDD, plasticity index and linear shrinkage decreases. Increase in cement percentage significantly improves the Black Cotton soil properties in terms of its potential use as sub-grade, embankment dam, tunnel, foundation design etc.
Keywords: stabilization, Compaction, Modification, Road Pavement and Sub-grade.
THE ROLES OF POLYTECHNICS IN SUSTAINING SKILL/MANPOWER CREATION THROUGH TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING (TVET) IN NIGERIA INDUSTRY
TORIOLA-COKER O L1*, OMOKUNGBE O1, OBISANYA A1,, AYODELE-OJA S2, AMOLEGBE, O
1School of Engineering, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba Lagos. 2School of Environmental, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba Lagos. 3School of Science, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba Lagos
Abstract
Technical vocational education and training (TVET) refers to a deliberate intervention to bring about learning which would make people more relevant and productive in designated areas of economic and technological activities. The contribution of polytechnics in skilled technical manpower training in Nigeria has been investigated by considering the number of NBTE accredited Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) programs offered by state and federal owned institutions. The percentage of STEM graduates in total graduate produced by Yaba College of Technology was in the 10 years period was also investigated. The percentage of STEM graduate at ND and HND level at Yaba College of Technology averaged at 40 and 41% respectively indicating a poor contribution which might be due to low carrying capacity in STEM programs and limited available facilities. Therefore, TVET requires acquisition of certain relevant skills, attitudes and talents under lecturers of gainful employment and proper integration into the society
Keywords: Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), Entrepreneurship Education, Skills/Manpower, Sustainability, Polytechnic, STEM and Nigeria
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION MITIGATION USING SHUNT ACTIVE POWER FILTER: A TECHNOLOGICAL REVIEW
SAFIYA YUSUF1, MUHAMMAD MUSTAPHA SALEH2 AND ABUBAKAR IBRAHIM MUHAMMAD3
1,3Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic 2Department of Electrical Technology, School of Secondary Education Technical, Federal College of Education (Technical) Gusau, Zamfara state
Abstract
The paper is aimed at reviewing the process of mitigating current harmonics produced by nonlinear loads, together with the reviewing the state of the art of active power filter that are commonly used for suppression of current harmonics to utility power line at the point of common coupling (PCC). This review approach gives guidelines for the power quality issues that militates both consumers and utility power lines in terms of harmonics. However, the paper outlines the operation of common active power filter topologies, such as shunt, series and hybrid active power filters which are described in details. The common review on different types of current harmonics extraction techniques as well as application of the famous p-q and extension of p-q theories to extract the harmonics reference signals are also elaborated in this paper. Finally, an overview of the active power filters control strategies are provided in this work.
Keywords: Active power filter, harmonics, current extraction, power quality and filter topologies
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ENERGY SAVER FOR AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH VISITOR COUNTER
UMAR MOHAMMED; BASHIR SADIQ USMAN; & IDRISS MOHAMMED GODOWOLI
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Damaturu Yobe State
ABSTRACT
This paper titled design and implementation of Energy Saver for Automatic Room Light Controller with Visitor Counter. With limited energy resources, it is the need of time to revolutionize the traditional methods of counting visitors to control the electrical appliances. This paper describes the development and implementation of visitor counter along with automatic room light controller. As a visitor enters the room, the count is incremented by one and the lights are switched on, while the counting is decremented if a person leaves the room. Microcontroller is used in this design due to suitability and accessibility of the component and other components. This project design also helps to reduce human efforts. Also it is very useful to conserve resources. In nowadays world, there is a continuous need for automatic appliances. With the increase in standard of living, there is a sense of urgency for developing circuits that would ease the complexity of life. Also if at all one wants to know the number of people present in room so as not to have congestion. The concept of an automatic room light controller counter can be built upon not just for household usage but tor such settings as hotels, schools, hospitals, industrial purpose or businesses. In conclusion, this project is successfully designed and implemented and it should be encouraged and put into large scale manufacturing because of its various advantages.
Keywords— Energy saver, visitor counter. Microcontroller.
REGIONAL ESTIMATION OF CURIE POINT DEPTH, GEOTHERMAL GRADIENT AND HEAT FLOW INFERRED FROM HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC DATA OVER SHELLENG AND ENVIRONS, NORTH-EASTERN NIGERIA
YASSAH, H. N AND AYIGUN, S.
Department of Applied Physics and Electronics TECHNOLOGY, The Federal, Polytechnic, P.M.B 35, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
A regional estimation of Curie-point depths (CPDs), geothermal gradient and heat flow from high resolution aeromagnetic (HRAM) data over Shelleng and environs, North-Eastern Nigeria was carried out using Oasis Montaj (7.5version), Microsoft excel, Matlab (2016 version) and Surfer8 software and spectral centroid analysis method. The HRAM data were divided into 64 overlapping blocks, and each block was analysed to obtain depths to the top, centroid, and bottom of the magnetic sources. The depth values were then used to assess the CPD, geothermal gradient and subsurface crustal heat flow in the study area. The result shows that the CPD varies between 4.95 and 7.69 km with an average of 6.69 km, the geothermal gradient varies between 47.23 and 86.57 C km-1 with an average of 58.73 °C km-1, and the crustal heat flow varies between 21.13 and 216.43 mWm-2 with an average of 166.72 mWm-2. This study showed that geodynamic processes are mainly controlled by the thermal structure of the Earth’s crust and therefore important for appraisal of the geo-processes, rheology, and understanding of the heat flow variations in the area, North-eastern Nigeria.
Keyword: Aeromagnetic data, Curie point depth, Geothermal Gradient, Heat flow, Thermal structure and Spectral centroid.
MICROCONTROLLER BASED SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM: DESIGN, SIMULATION AND REALIZATION
H.A MAHDI, A. ABUBAKAR
Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology Department, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi,
ABSTRACT
Plants in specific regions of the world especially Africa are adversely affected by prevailing draught. Presently, the major concerns in agricultural sector are; water and labor managements. This work considers the design analysis of a low-cost microcontroller-based irrigation controller capable of managing irrigation for a small area of land based on real-time values of soil moisture. The method employed is to continuously monitor the soil moisture level to decide whether irrigation is required. In particular, the microcontroller based circuit device performs the action of irrigation management through continuous monitoring of moisture content of the soil, and comparing the values with two set reference values; the upper-limit, and lower-limit, then induces the corresponding action required. When the soil moisture content goes below the lower-limit value set by the user, the system observes this and begins irrigation action. Results obtained show that this design is cost-effective, and guarantees efficient water supply and effective labor management. Also, irrigation test results show that the duration of spray largely depends on the soil texture, grass identity and moisture content. In particular, sprinkler irrigation method in loamy soil took longer than in sandy soil, while clay soil irrigation took the longest time.
Keywords: Draught, Microcontroller, Irrigation, Moisture
MYTRANSCRIPT: AN ACADEMIC TRANSCRIPT DECENTRALISED WEB APPLICATION SYSTEM BASED ON THE ETHEREUM BLOCKCHAIN
ONWUASOANYA N.C; & EZE B.E.
Department of Computer Engineering, Federal polytechnic Ilaro.
ABSTRACT
MyTranscript is an academic transcript web application built on blockchain technology. The system leverages the Ethereum blockchain to create a decentralised academic transcript database whose aim is to simplify academic transcript sharing among network participants (the Institution, the Student, and an Employer) while providing the security benefits of a decentralised system. For privacy reasons, the system implements a restriction to only allow an Employer access to records he has been permitted to view. This access is given only by the Student whose record is concerned. However, the Institution have unrestricted access to Students’ academic transcript. The system is built on the latest software technologies: Node.JS, REACT, Truffle etc., that enhances security and provide intuitive user interfaces for better interactions among its participants. The immutability, unique hashing algorithms, timestamps and transparency provided by a blockchain network makes records stored and generated on this system trustworthy and prevents the occurrence of counterfeits documents being distributed by cyber criminals. The testing phase of the development cycle was done immediately after each system logic function was implemented to avoid the debugging difficulty that comes with ambiguous codes, using dedicated JavaScript tests libraries: chai, mocha, and chai-as-promised. The application was built to be responsive, so, page contents were optimised and arranged to display perfectly across the different device screen sizes the system was tested on. The result during system use performed as expected, although, there is a significant drop in speed during activities involving the system interaction with the blockchain. All other activities, such as page navigation, exam record arithmetic, and page preview had no noticeable delay with response occurring instantaneously.
Keywords: Blockchain, Ethereum, Transcript, Decentralised system, Intuitive User Interfaces, Hashing algorithms
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN FORCES ACTING ON A CARBON STEEL AND METAL MATRIX CONNECTING ROD
OKIGBO NONSO EMMANUEL; & ONYEMELIKEYA IFEOMA BLESSING
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Oko
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research is to compare the results of the common forces acting on metal matrix composite connecting rod and the Regular (carbon steel) connecting rod and use the value of the result obtained to advance reasons why automotive application especially connecting rods are made by metal matrix composite materials. Metal-matrix composites (MMCs) have emerged as a class of materials widely used in the engineering field. The general characteristics possessed by metal matrix composites are found to be the reason for using it in the automotive application in preference to high energy intensive metals. The research work commenced with casting of the metal matrix composite sample connecting rod by stir-casting method and purchasing the Regular (carbon steel) connecting rod. The two types of connecting rods were earlier tested on a Toyota starlet of 12 valve model E series live engine. Theoritical calculation of forces acting on the two types of connecting rod,ie, Regular (carbon steel) connecting rod, and MMC connecting rod was carried out and the result obtained are: 23760N,12672N,3.14×10-6N/m2,and84.7Mpa: 10464.8N,1358.53N,2.84×10 -6 N/m2 ,and 81.7Mpa respectively, show that stress induced in metal matrix connecting rod is lower than that of the regular(carbon steel connecting rod. Hence the replacement of connecting rod material with MMC will give improved strength and reduce induced stress in the structure.
Keywords: Connecting rod, MMCs, Stiffness. Stir- casting, Whipping stress.
DEVELOPMENT OF GRAIN THRESHING TO ENHANCE THE ECONOMY OF POSTHARVEST PROCESSES
SHUAIBU ALANI BALOGUN*1, JAMILA ADAMU1, MURTALA UBA DISSINA1, NASIRU SHUAIBU1
1Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, School of Engineering Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Bauchi, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Northern Nigeria is blessed with many varieties of grains. The chief of them in Bauchi state are rice, millet, sorghum, soybeans, maize, and wheat. Because of the basic differences in the properties of each of these crops, different machines are being used for threshing each. For instance, on the one hand, rice (paddy) is a grass crop. Its grains are held by a thin branch on the stalk. As for wheat, the grain is like rice, but it is rather shelled in a fabric. Soybean is held in a pod and is often harvested together with its hard stalk. Maize on the other hand, is fixed in a cob. The variations in the geometry and structure of the grain crops are the reason for variations in the design of the threshers used for threshing them. Moreover, most farmers plant several crops. Therefore, they spend lot of money to rent or procure many threshers thereby increasing the cost of processing the grains. Nonetheless, there are many similarities in the components of the existing machines used in threshing some group of grains. Of prime interest to farmers in Bauchi state are rice, maize, sorghum, and soybean. It is Therefore proposed in this work to develop a thresher that can thresh these five crops (rice, maize, sorghum, millet, and soybean). Locally available and affordable materials are considered for the production. Besides, replicability of the manufacturing process and maintainability are considered. The machine consists of two main units. The threshing unit contains a drum, fitted with spikes or rasp bars while the cleaning unit has fan and crank controlled shaker. The straws or cobs are fed into the threshing chamber via a hopper. The spikes or raps bars are designed such that they continuously beat the straws or cobs to separate the grains from the straw or the cobs. The threshed materials flow through a perforated sheet under the chamber. Separation of the crushed straws or cobs and the grains is done by the cleaning unit. The suction fan removes the straws and other particle while the clean grains are received via the output port of the shaker. The new design expected to reduce the cost of farming and increase productivity by making more money available for other activities. Hence making farming more profitable.
UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE WITH OBSTACLE DETECTION AND AVOIDANCE SYSTEM
BUBA ALIYU DAHIRU; & MUHAMMAD HASSAN YAKUBU
Department of Computer Engineering Technology, School of Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The goal of this article is to warn civilians and military people of probable terrorist attacks, particularly in military zones equipped with live detectable sensors. The two main concerns that have been highlighted in this research in terms of hardware, software, and communication settings are the design and development of a robotic car with obstacle detection and avoidance. The system was built using the Arduino platform, an Android application, and Bluetooth technologies. The design and use of a robotic automobile employing sensor programming is given in this work. This robotic device was created in collaboration with an Android-based smartphone. Arduino Uno is brain of the robot. Numerous hardware components are included in the robot which comprises a Bluetooth module, PIR sensor, ultrasonic sensor, and buzzers. An android operated mobile application was used as a computer program. The user of the robotic automobile can control the movement of the car by selecting the desired direction using a Bluetooth mobile application. The user can use his own intelligent device to control the robot’s motions, or decide to put the robot in automatic mode and let it drive itself. In this way, the robot can avoid the obstruction while also detecting live object.
Keywords: Android Devices, Robotic Car, Obstacle Detection, Bluetooth module, PIR Sensor.
Development of grain thrashing machine to enhance economy of postharves processes