CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING PROCESSING & SAFETY RESEARCH (CJEPSR)
VOL. 24 NO. 5 – MARCH, 2022 EDITION
Published by:
Cambridge Research and Publications International,
Africa (Nigeria): Centre for African Humanity and Development Circle
(CAHDC), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
Email: cambridgenigeriapublications@gmail.com
Copyright © 2022 Cambridge Research and Publications International.
Papers:
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND SIMULATION OF A PROCESS FOR RE-REFINING OF USED LUBRICATING OIL USING ASPEN HYSYS
OLUWAFEMI OLAYEBI
Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Used lubricating oil creates environmental pollution if not disposed of properly and there is a possibility that substances contained in it may enter the natural cycles through the food chain via water, soil, and air thereby posing a risk to human health and impeding the growth of plants and their ability to take up water because of the presence of hydrocarbons, heavy metals, polyechlorinatedbipinyls (PCBs), and other halogenated compounds. In this work, used lubricating oils were filtered, placed on a magnetic stirrer and stirred for about one hour and then allowed to stand for 24 hours. The transparent oily surface layer containing solvents and oil was transferred to a rotary evaporator to separate the solvents from the regenerating lubricating oil. Optimum Extraction of 74.7% was actualized after 12 minutes at an agitated stirrer speed of 1000 rpm, the temperature at 80. The simulation of the process using Aspen Hysys yielded an 80% oil recovery.
Keywords: Additives, Lubricants, Refining, Simulation, Used oil.
SENSOR PLACEMENT STRATEGIES: A REVIEW
ABDULBASIT A. MAKINDE1, ONWUKA N. ELIZABETH2, AND NATHANIEL SALAWU2
Telecommunication Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
Abstract
In the aspect of engineering, sensor placement depends solely on applications area. There are instances where the placement of sensor is very easy, that is it needs no special method or mathematical prove and also there are cases where there is a lot of things to be put into consideration. There are a lot of work done in regards to placement of sensor for effective and efficient work, and also there are a lot of areas where sensor placement is applicable which are structural management, agriculture, housing, security. Military. In this review, a lot of research work that falls under this category were critically analysed and justification were done which would assist future researchers that wanted to dive in on the topic.
DETERMINATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF BOREHOLE WATER IN OMU-ARAN, KWARA STATE
*GANA A.J; **OKUNOLA A.A; & *EKPENYONG, U.G
*Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria. **Agricultural & Biosystem, Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The reliance on groundwater for various activities ranging from domestic, agricultural and industrial activities is ever on the increase in developing countries. The groundwater sources will, therefore, need to be evaluated constantly and periodically to ensure its potability and fitness for use. There is little documentation about the quality of water sources in Omu-Aran. This study therefore, is to assess water quality of borehole present in the area. In order to carry out the purported objective of this project, twenty-four samples withdrawn from boreholes of eight different locations across Omu-Aran were taken into consideration. Precautions and standard procedures were taken in its collection, storage and transportation in order to preserve the sanctity of the water samples. The procedures, materials and equipment required to carry out the test for each parameter such as electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrate, sulphate, zinc, nickel, E. coli, total coliform etc. were all in line with laid down standards and procedures. Results from the research revealed that the value of analyzed parameters were within the acceptable limits for potable water recommended by World Health Organization and Standard Organization of Nigeria except for iron, nickel, E. coli and pH. Iron, E. coli and nickel were much to above the limit while pH didn’t not fall within the minimum and maximum limit allowed. Water quality index and spatial analysis using ArcGIS highlight the significance of these parameters. Borehole water in this region can be considered safe and of good quality but face huge risk of contamination by heavy metals and raises the question of suitability and effect of the drinking in the long run.
Keywords: Determination, Biological, Physico-Chemical Parameters Borehole Water, Omu-Aran, Kwara State.
GEOLOGICAL AND ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF GRAVEL DEPOSITS AROUND AMOYO AREA, KWARA STATE
*OBARO R.I; & **OBARO N.T
*Department of Minerals and Petroleum Resources Engineering Technology, Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin. **Department of Social Sciences, University of Ilorin.
Abstract
Evaluation of petrological characteristics and engineering analyses of gravel deposits were carried out around Amoyo area Kwara state to assess its suitability as construction materials. The petrological characteristics were done out through visual inspection and measurement of the particles axes. Representative samples were subjected engineering analyses such as Specific Gravity, Water Absorption Value, Aggregate Abrasion Value, Aggregate crushing Value and Aggregate Impact Value. Petrology characteristics of the aggregates (particle shape and size) revealed that the gravel deposit consists of particles ranging from clay to boulders which are essentially poorly sorted with variable mixtures of pebbles, cobbles and boulders. The engineering analyses carried out suggests that Specific Gravity of gravel aggregates ranges from 2.58 to 2.63 with an average of 2.60, Water Absorption Value ranges from 1.66% to 1.98% with an average of 1.80%. Aggregate Abrasion Value ranges from 27.20% to 38.91% with an average of 31.74%. Aggregate Crushing Value and Aggregate Impact Value ranges from 26.30% to 30.10% with an average of 28.70% and aggregate impact value falls within 26.65% and 28.70% with an average of 27.55% The results of petrological study and engineering analysis revealed that all the rocks favourable conform with standards used for construction purpose but can also be suitable with good workability for road, concrete and filter aggregates.
Keywords: Geological, Engineering, Gravel, Aggregates, Construction
APPROPRIATE METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR THE DESIGN OF SINGLE POINT CUTTING TOOL
YAKUBU BABA AHMAD
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, PMB 35, Mubi. Adamawa State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The appropriate methodology adopted for the design of single point cutting tool is an important aspect of tool engineering. It deals with the design of tool shank, design of single point cutting tool, and various forces involved during machining of the workpiece. Selection of the appropriate material for the design of the single point cutting tool is paramount important and consideration must be put emplace. Various aspects of tooling, material cost, fabrication, manufacturing methods and the proper functioning of product should be considered. Strength and rigidity of tool is also taken into account while designing single point cutting tool. The main design criterion for shank size is rigidity. The deflection at the cutting edge is limited to a certain value depending on the size of machine, cutting conditions and tool overhung.
Keywords: Back Rake Angle, Cutting Force, Merchants Circle, Tool shank, Geometry, Material
RADIO FREQUENCY ENERGY HARVESTER FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NODES AND MOBILE PHONE BATTERIES: A REVIEW
ABUBAKAR M. BABA1, ONWUKA N. ELIZABETH2, AND ABRAHAM U. USMAN2
1Electrical Engineering Department, Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger State Nigeria. 2Telecommunication Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
Abstract
There is an increase in the deployment of wireless sensor nodes, most especially with the advent of 5G and application of internet of things (IoTs). These nodes and user equipments (UEs) requires an uninterrupted power supply, which cannot be guaranteed using an alternating current (AC) power source or battery direct current (DC); due to inadequate supply of AC power in most developing countries, need for recharging and replacing damage batteries, and harsh deployment terrain of sensor node. The use of radio frequency (RF) energy harvester have been postulated in literature as a promising technology that can be used to power UEs, sensor nodes and other low power electronic devices wirelessly. The basic component of RF energy harvester is an antenna and rectifier, coined together as Rectenna. Researchers have been working towards deploying an RF energy harvester with lower threshold voltage, and better power conversion efficiency (PCE). This paper gives an overview of related designs of existing RF energy harvesters.
Keywords: User Equipments (UEs), Radio Frequency, Rectenna and Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE).
CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING OF A LOCALLY MADE EGG INCUBATOR
OLAWEPO BABATUNDE BAMIDELE1, OSHAWO EUGENE IGBADUMHE1 AND AJAYI ASISHANA STANLEY2
1Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, School of Engineering Technology. Auchi Polytechnic Auchi, Edo State. 2Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering Technology, School of Engineering Technology. Auchi Polytechnic Auchi, Edo State.
ABSTRACT
An electrically powered egg incubator suitable for hatching fowl (chicken) eggs has been designed and fabricated using the available local materials to achieve efficient performance. The need to embark on this project arose as an effort to contribute in the production of more chicks for poultry farm. The incubator has the hatching capacity of 60 eggs (two crates of eggs). Factors affecting egg incubation include temperature, humidity, ventilation, heat and egg turning rate. These factors are necessary for efficient performance of the incubator. Temperature range of 35.0 – 40.0 oC is suitable, but controlled at 37.5oC by a thermostat. This temperature is close to the bird’s own temperature of 37.0 oC. Humidity was controlled in stages. It was maintained at 60% for the first 18days and raised to 70% for the remaining 3 days. Adequate ventilation is provided when the door of the incubator is opened daily, which also serves as the gateway for the escape of excess carbon (iv) oxide. Filament bulb was used as a source of heat to the incubation chamber.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A HORIZONTAL WATER TUBE BOILER
SMART BELLO1, OLAWEPO B. B.1 AND AJAYI R. POLAM2
1Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, School of Engineering Technology. Auchi Polytechnic Auchi, Edo State. 2Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, School of Engineering Technology. Auchi Polytechnic Auchi, Edo State.
ABSTRACT
Introducing modern boiler concepts in the design of thermal power stations is nowadays becoming mandatory, not only from an economic point of view of new investments, but also as a significant and pro-active step towards the reduction of greenhouse gases & dust emissions by the enhancement of efficiency. The increase in the cycle efficiency in modern power station is mainly achieved by increasing the steam parameters. In addition to elevated steam parameters, other measures such as double reheat design and increased boiler efficiency are the key factors to achieve the desired maximization in heat rates. The aim of this project was to design and fabricate a water-tube boiler using a diesel fired burner (C13H25)9 to generate 80kg of steam per hour. The boiler tank is made of pure mild steel. Mild steel is used to fabricate the water tubes and other parts such as the furnace, smokestack and return chamber that make up the boiler. The heating surface area was increased for sake of efficiency and fast steam generation by reversing the direction of the gas through a second and third parallel tube (three pass). The boiler (which is fired by a diesel burner) generates dry saturated steam at a pressure of 1 bar and temperature of 111.4oC. It can be used for domestic and industrial purposes.
DESIGN OF A THREE-STOREY TERRACE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
TAHIR, ALJAZULI ABDULLAHI. NKELEME, VICTOR OBINNA. MOHAMMED, SANDA MARIBE.
Department of Electrical and Electronics, Federal Polytechnic, Mubi, Adamawa State.
Abstract
Electric current is the fastest and most efficient method of delivering energy, and buildings require a lot of equipment and devices that run on it. The power of electricity, on the other hand, makes it dangerous when not properly used, thus electrical systems must be safe and dependable. This project aimed to show a minimal standard for electrical installations in a residential multistory terraced house, based on Institutes of Electrotechnical Commission IEC provisions, which included lighting, power points, cable sizing, panelboard sizing, cable routing, schematic diagrams, load-balanced analysis, and generator sizing. The entire study and design were completed using the AutoCAD software, and the required outcomes were reached. The findings show the exact sizing of cables, panelboards, lamps, generator size, and nominal ratings of protective devices required for each circuit and the complete installation, all by applicable standards and regulations.
Keywords: Design, AutoCAD, Electrical, Ratings, Installation, Protective
MODELING AND SIMULATION OF STEAM METHANE REFORMING (SMR) PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN
CLEMENT TENE DOGO1, MUSTAPHA YUSUF DAUDA2 AND MATIN BASU3
1,2Department of Food Technology, Federal PolytechnicKauranamoda, Zamfara state, Nigeria. 3Department of Mining Engineering, University of Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria.
Abstract
Kinetic rate for steam methane reforming (SMR) over a nickel based catalyst was studied over desirable reaction conditions. A one-dimensional heterogeneous model was developed with variation along the axial direction, for a fixed bed catalytic reactor. The model was simulated on a MATLAB model builder, and the Effects of some process variables such as temperature, pressure and mass flowrate across the bed on the yield of hydrogen was investigated. High temperature(approximately 1130K) and low pressure, between (40.25 to 39.45 bar), favors the conversion of H2 and CO between 0 – 1.25m of the reactor length and thereafter stabilizes. The drop in pressure was attributed to frictional losses between the particle of gases, catalyst pellets and walls of the reformer. The model was validated by comparing the conversion of CH4 and CO2 from the process data and the model.The conversions are close fall within the ranges of 0.3-0.4 and 0.78-0.87 for H2 and CH4 respectively as predicted by literatures.
Keywords; Modeling, Steam Methane Reforming, Hydrogen Production
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATIC PATIENT CALLING SYSTEM FOR HOSPITAL
ALIYU BUBA DAHIRU1, KABIRU MUHAMMED HALIDU2, SILAS EDWIN NDUKU3
1,2,3Department of Computer Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Queue management is still a challenge for both customers and facility managers, especially in medical facilities, in both traditional and electronic-based queue systems. In a typical queue, patients are seated in chronological order before moving forward while early arrivals meet with doctors. When a patient leaves and wants to return to his previous position, the arrangement is generally upset. The electronic-based lines, on the other hand, use dedicated electronic technology to call patients but fail to account for those who are not there. While the problem of arranging patients in chronological order of arrival was solved with the introduction of electronic queue management systems, the issue of absent patients is still beyond current technology, even the most advanced system in which the patient calling system is linked to the patient database, which solves the physical file movement problem. The Enhanced Patient Calling System is a microcontroller-based queue management system that uses the slot-back model equation’ written onto Arduino Uno microcontrollers to handle absent patients from the queue in the form of a slot-back.’ The developed device presented here is capable of electronically queuing patients for doctor consultations, allowing a doctor to send patients to the pharmacy or other units within the facility, allowing a doctor to slot-back an absent patient, and allowing the doctor to attend to other issues such as emergencies via the use of the ‘busy’ key.
Keywords: Queue management, Medical facilities, Electronic queues, Patients, Calling system
DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND TESTING OF SOLAR POWER BASED MICRO OFF-GRID SYSTEM FOR HOUSEHOLD ENERGY NEED DURING RAINY SEASON
1LATEEF OLASHILE AFOLABI, 2*FREDERICK OJIEMHENDE EHIAGWINA, 3OLUFEMI OLUSEYE KEHINDE, 4IKEOLA SUHURAT OLATINWO,
1,2,3Electrical/Electronic Engineering Department, Federal Polytechnic Offa, Kwara State, Nigeria 4Department of Computer Science, the Federal Polytechnic Offa, Offa, Kwara State, Nigeria
Abstract
Due to unstable power within Nigeria, there is a need to provide alternative but renewable means of energy supply. Among all the renewable sources, solar power has proven to be more sufficient and renewable for Offa, Kwara State, Nigeria (lat, 8.1393° and long, 4.7174°), even during the rainy season. We designed and installed a 500 W solar power system consisting of a battery, solar panel with charger controller and an inverter. The step in the design of the solar power system includes determining the household type and the daily energy demand, selection of PV modules and selection of an inverter. The number of the solar panel is determined by the battery size, solar radiation and sunshine hours of the site. The inverter rating was estimated at 500W, solar panel size was 350 W, monochromic panel and the battery size was two 200 AH. Due to cost constrain, a 100 W PV module was used to test the performance using one 100AH 12V Gel battery with 100% and 25% full load rating. Given the rainy season, there was insufficient radiation resulting in the PV voltage output being <10V. When the system was loaded 100% the system lasted for 4hours and when the load was 25%, it lasted for the whole night from 6:00 PM to 8:00 AM when the battery is fully charged.
Keyword: Inverter, battery, PV modules, solar panel, solar radiation
CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS OF TRANSMISSION LINE OUTAGE IN A 9-BUS POWER SYSTEM USING POWER WORLD SIMULATOR
JIMOH, A.A.1*; MAFE AKEEM. S2; AHMED MOMOHJIMOH3; SANNI MOHAMMED4
1*Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Offa, Nigeria 2,4Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Offa, Nigeria 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Offa, Nigeria
Abstract
Power system planning is an essential aspect in power system for quality power supply. Operating electrical equipment at the specified voltage limit is necessary for satisfactory performance, failure of which the life of the equipment will be at risk. Thus, the need for both load flow and contingency analysis for proper power system planning and operation. In this study, a contingency analysis of transmission line outage was carried out on a 9-bus power system using power world simulator. The load flow solution was achieved using Newton Raphson iterative technique after which a contingency analysis was carried out on the steady state power solution for both transmission line and transformer outages on the 9- bus power system network. The simulation results obtained for the power flow analysis converged and was found to have a high degree of accuracy with a tolerance power mismatch of 0.0001. The result suggests the applicability of the model for effective planning and operation in power system.
Keywords: Power flow, Contingency analysis, Newton Raphson Iterating technique, model, Power world simulator.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN FORCES ACTING ON A CARBON STEEL AND METAL MATRIX CONNECTING ROD
*ABDULRAUF A. IBRAHIM; *ABUBAKAR N. MOHAMMED; AND **MUSA B. DALIL
*Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna. **Department of Works and Services, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research is to compare the results of the common forces acting on metal matrix composite connecting rod and the Regular (carbon steel) connecting rod and use the value of the result obtained to advance reasons why automotive application especially connecting rods are made by metal matrix composite materials. Metal-matrix composites (MMCs) have emerged as a class of materials widely used in the engineering field. The general characteristics possessed by metal matrix composites are found to be the reason for using it in the automotive application in preference to high energy intensive metals. The research work commenced with casting of the metal matrix composite sample connecting rod by stir-casting method and purchasing the Regular (carbon steel) connecting rod. The two types of connecting rods were earlier tested on a Toyota starlet of 12 valve model E series live engine. Theoritical calculation of forces acting on the two types of connecting rod,ie, Regular (carbon steel) connecting rod, and MMC connecting rod was carried out and the result obtained are: 23760N,12672N,3.14×10-6N/m2,and84.7Mpa: 10464.8N,1358.53N,2.84×10 -6 N/m2 ,and 81.7Mpa respectively, show that stress induced in metal matrix connecting rod is lower than that of the regular(carbon steel connecting rod. Hence the replacement of connecting rod material with MMC will give improved strength and reduce induced stress in the structure.
Keywords: Connecting rod, MMCs, Stiffness. Stir- casting, Whipping stress.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MAIZE SHELLING MACHINE: A REWIEW
AMINU O. YUSUF, ABUBAKAR J. ABDULLAHI, AND LAWAL I. ATIKU
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna.
ABSTRACT
Maize production in Nigeria is of great importance with the increase in population and the use of maize grain, the market demand for maize also increased. However, maize shelling in developing and under-developed nations has been and remains a serious problem to its processing as it is tedious and often requires considerable labour hours, as such the Non availability of maize processing machines, especially Maize Sheller, has become a major problem of Maize production. This paper reviews from past literature the research-work for design, fabricate, and performance evaluation of a Maize Shelling machine which includes the design of various components of the machine using different methodology. The machine could be operated continuously if well fabricated for a comparatively long time with high shelling rate without causing damage to maize. It was recommended that the shelling unit should be incorporated with a long shelling cylinder to ensure proper shelling before reaching the stalk outlet, and a vacuum evacuating device should be made available for the removal of large broken and crushed maize stalks from the shelling chamber when necessary.
Keywords: Maize, shelling, threshing, grains,machines,labor
INVESTIGATION ON THE POTENTIALS OF CUPOLA FURNACE SLAG ASH AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR CEMENT IN CONCRETE STRUCTURES
RINTONG I. BABATUNDE, HADIZA ALI, AND OKWARA A. UCHE
Department of Civil Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The compressive strength of the concrete designed using blast cupola furnace slag and granulated cupola slag as a coarse aggregate and partial replacement for cement was investigated. A series of experimental studies were conducted involve concrete production in two stages. The first stage comprised of normal aggregate concrete (NAC) produced with normal aggregates and 100% ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Meanwhile, the second stage involved production of concrete comprising of cupola furnace slag an aggregates with 100% ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and subsequently with 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% cementitious replacement with granulated cupola furnace slag that had been grounded and milled to less than 75 µm diameter. The outcomes of compressive strength test conducted on the slag aggregate concrete (SAC) with and without granulated slag cementitious replacement were satisfactory compared to normal aggregate concretes (NAC). Keywords: Cupola furnace slag, compressive strength, normal aggregate concretes, slag aggregate concrete
ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN SEDIMENT AND WATER FROM OBA DAM, SOUTHWEST NIGERIA
*OLADEJO, O. P.; & **AYANKOSO, A. S.
*Department of Physics, Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, P.M.B. 1010, Oyo, Oyo State **Department of Chemistry, Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, P.M.B. 1010, Oyo, Oyo State
ABSTRACT
Water is one of the most essentials of life; it constitutes more than seventy percent of the human body. The need to drink quality water cannot be over emphasized because it determines the quality of life, no wonder water is life. The study estimated the concentration of heavy metals in the sediment and water from Oba Dam in Ogbomoso, Oyo state. The sediment, sediment water and treated water were investigated for heavy metal presence using atomic absortion spectrometer (AAS). The results shown that Mn, Fe, Zn,Pb, Ni,Cr and Co, Mn, Fe, Pb, Ni and Cr, and Mn and Fe were more than recommended level in sediment, sediment water and treated water respectively. Also, selenium and Phosphorous were revealed in the treated water but were not part of the trend in the sediment and sediment water. Therefore, continuous evaluation and monitoring are essential in view of constant flow of both human and industrial wastes in the dam.
Keywords: sediment, treated water, metal, concentration and dam
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF IOT BASED MONITORING AND CONTROL OF ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES USING GSM/GPRS MODULE
MOSHOOD YUSUF1, SAIDU. A. ADAMU1,2, & AND L. M. ISAH3
1Electrical & Electronics Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna State, Nigeria 2Computer Engineering Department, Jigawa State Institute of Information Technology, Kazaure, Jigawa State, Nigeria 3Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Federal Polytechnic, K/Namoda.
Abstract
Scarcity of resources is initiating everyone towards energy efficient technologies. Among all these resources, power is one which needs to be monitored and controlled as per the need since electricity consumption is increasing day-by day. Internet of things reduces the effort of human by introducing machine to machine interaction. This work has been designed to implement IoT based electrical appliances monitoring and control system. Power used by various appliances is monitored through an ESP32 microcontroller interfaced to GSM/GPRS module (SIM800L). Power control of home appliances is achieved through actuators such as relays which can be controlled by client with the help of a blynk server. The benefit of this system, that the appliances control mechanism can be done manually or remotely. The designed system enables client to monitor and control the appliances at home from anywhere availing the IoT features of the designed system thereby reducing the wastage of energy.
Keywords: Router, Internet of Things (IoT), Arduino IDE, Microcontroller (ESP32), GSM/GPRS Module (SIM800L) and Blynk apps.