Berkeley Journal of Medical, Biological & Pharmaceutical Science (BJMBPS) (Vol. 18 No. 3)


BERKELEY PUBLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE (BJMBPS) (VOL. 18 NO. 3)

ISSN: 1211-4401 DECEMBER, 2021


Published by:

Berkeley Research and Publications International,

Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano State, Nigeria.

Nigeria, West-Africa. +234-708-717-3247

Email: berkeleynigeriapublications@gmail.com


PAPERS:


THE IMPACT OF DIET AND NUTRITION ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN MAKURDI, BENUE STATE, A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMME

 

ORJIME, MARK TERHILE

Biology Unit, School of Basic Sciences, Nigeria Maritime University, Okerenkoko, Delta State

 

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the impact of Diet and Nutrition on the academic performance of primary school children in Makurdi, a case study of the Nigeria School feeding programme. 3 renown public primary schools in Makurdi Metropolis were purposively chosen, these are Christ African Church Primary School, LGEA Primary School High level and St. Catherine Primary school Makurdi. The focus group discussion tool was administered to 24 Teachers and 100 Primary 1-3 school children from the benefiting classes of the school feeding programme were interviewed. The examination records of the years prior to the commencement of the feeding were examined and the academic performances analyzed. The findings revealed that a lack of regular diet and nutrition for school children results to a lack of concentration, lack of interest, lack of participation and bad mood leading to poor performance in class. The study established that with steady diet and nutrition as provided by the Nigeria School feeding programme, academic performance of primary school children is greatly improved. These findings may be useful in the provision of information concerning policies that may help Nigerian children attain their full potentials for a better future.

Keywords: Diet, Nutrition, Academic Performance, Makurdi Metropolis, Focus Group Discussion, Nigeria School Feeding Programme.

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DETERMINANTS OF NEONATAL MALNUTRITION AMONG NURSING MOTHERS ATTENDING POSTNATAL CLINICS IN LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL, IKEJA

 

AGBONJINMI, LAWRENCE ADEWALE; & AKINMOYERO, OYEBISI M.

Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Nursing Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State

 

ABSTRACT

Malnutrition among children is one of the most challenging and complex global problem affecting development particularly that of the neonate. This study was carried out to assess the determinants of neonatal malnutrition among nursing mothers attending postnatal clinics in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja. The study adopted descriptive cross-sectional research design. Convenient sampling procedure was employed to select the 235 participants for the study. The instrument for the data collection was a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 4 Sections (A-D) with 30 questions. The instrument was critically scrutinized and validated by experts of Nursing Science and Tests and Measurement. The reliability of the instrument was determined from the pilot study using Cronbach Alpha test; which reported a reliability coefficient of 0.8 which is interpreted to be high. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of Chi square at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that many of the respondents showed a high knowledge and a high perception of malnutrition; however, a low level of awareness of determinant of neonatal malnutrition was reported. The level of the mother’s education and age were implicated as the mostly reported determinants of mothers’ knowledge of neonatal malnutrition. Determinants of single parenting and number of times babies feed are the most selected determinants of neonatal malnutrition. It was recommended among others that intensive education on adequate nutrition should be given to antenatal and post natal women during their clinic visitation days.

Keywords: Determinants, Neonatal Malnutrition, Nursing Mothers, Post-natal Clinics

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ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PROTEUS MIRABILIS IMPLICATED IN URINARY TRACK INFECTION (UTI) IN GENERAL HOSPITAL POTISKUM, YOBE STATE

 

IBRAHIM ADAMU GODOWOLI1, ABUBAKAR AJI2 AND AUWAL HAMZA MUHAMMAD3

Department of Science Laboratory Technology, The Federal Polytechnic Damaturu, Yobe State.

 

ABSTRACT

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain the most common infection diagnosed in outpatients as well as hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) attending selected hospitals in Potiskum. Four hundred urine samples were collected from patients and cultured for bacterial identification. Further biochemical tests were used to confirm isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method.  Ninety nine out of the 400 samples collected yielded positive bacterial growth, which gave a recovery rate of (9.09%), %). Rate of isolation according to sex of patients showed that it is highest among female patients (71.71%) than male patients (28.28%). Antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that Proteus spp (100% respectively) whereas Current knowledge on antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates is essential for appropriate therapy. It is recommended that Gentamicin.

Keywords: infections, Urinary, Bacteria, isolation, resistance, Proteus

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EFFECT OF BLANCHING ON THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF SOYMILK

 

EJIM, M.N AND OMACHI B.A

Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B, 55, Bida, Niger State.

 

ABSTRACT

In this study, soybean seeds were blanched at 700C and 950C each for 15 and 30 minutes respectively. The blanched seeds were dehulled and oven dried at 1000C for 40 minutes and milled into soyflour. The soyflour samples were each dissolved in cold water at 200C and hot water at 1000C to obtain soymilk resulting in to eight samples. After that, the eight soymilk samples were pasteurized at 720C for 15 seconds and allowed to cool. The samples of soymilk were subjected to physico-chemical and sensory quality analysis. The effect of varying blanching temperature and time on the pH of soymilk showed no significant difference (P>0.05) among samples with values ranging from 6.15 -6.50 the total titratable acidity (TTA) reduced significantly (P<0.05) among all sample as values ranged between0.41-0.21The effect of blanching soybean seeds on the sensory properties of soymilk showed that flavor increased with increase in blanching temperature and time. The values ranged between 6.55 and 7.95 for cold water extracted soymilk and 6.85 to 8.35 for hot water extracted \soymilk.The score for mouth feel also increased with increase blanching temperature and time. The values ranged between 6.40 to6.70 and 6.75 to 7.75 for cold and hot water extracted milk respectively on a nine point hedionic scale. The general acceptability of soymilk products increased significantly (P<0.05) as blanching temperature and time increased. Though all the soymilk products were acceptable, sample H blanched at 950C, 30mins, hot water extraction was most accepted by the panelists.However, the scores for appearance decreased significantly (p<0.05) with increase in blanching temperature and time with scores ranging from 8.35 to 6.60. Therefore, blanching of soybeans using different temperature and time combinations resulted to milk of high physico-chemical and sensory qualities.

Keywords: Soymilk, Blanching, Physico-chemical and Sensory properties.

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GROUND WATER QUALITY AND CONTAMINATION BY PIT LATRINES IN DAWAKI WARD OF BAUCHI LGA OF BAUCHI STATE

 

*BALA, SAGIR MADAKI; *ASHIRU SABIU YUSUF; & **YAHUZA SHEHU

*Department of General Studie, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi **Department of Leisure and Tourism, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi.

 

ABSTRACT

This study is designed to assess the effect of ground water pollution by pit latrines and the health implication of the coliform counts in drinking water of the study area, as well as examine the possible remedies to the problems arising from these environmental hazard and recommend possible solution to the established problem. The study area Dawaki Ward is an integral part of the Bauchi Metropolis; located at the city centre, The sources of water to this area are the pipe borne water and ground water from hand dug wells.  Water samples were collected from hand dug wells using systematic sampling technique. The membrane fitter technique was used with the EMB Agar as the medium of growth for bacteria and the faecal coliform counts were determined. Due to poor supplies, the inhabitants rely heavily on hand dug wells. Pollutants from the domestic wastes disposed indiscriminately coupled with improper physical planning and very close distance of pit latrines to hand dug wells and coupled with bad sanitary condition of the sampling points, faecal materials continue to seep into the hand dug wells thereby polluting the well water or poses threat to the ground water quality.

Keywords: Contamination, Pit Latrines, Ground Water Quality, Dawaki Ward, Bauchi State.

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PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF MOMORDICA BALSAMINA LINN ON HEPATIC OXIDATIVE STRESS IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

 

KABIR, N1, UMAR I A2, ATIKU M K3, JAMES D B2, INUWA H M2, 4USMAN M M

1Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa Nigeria 2Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Nigeria 3Department of Biochemistry, Bayero University Kano, Kano Nigeria 4Department of Chemical Pathology and Immunology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano Nigeria

 

ABSTRACT

Oxidative stress has been reported as one of the heterogeneous etiologies that produces the multiple biochemical sequelaes of diabetes mellitus. Hence the urgent need for the development of antidiabetic drugs that can target the multiple etiologies of diabetes. The current study evaluates the protective effects of the aqueous leaf extract of Momordica balsamina Linn (MB) on hepatic oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Oxidative stress status of STZ-induced diabetic rats treated orally (28 days) with 200 mg/kg of the aqueous leaf extract of MB was evaluated using some hepatic oxidative stress biomarkers. STZ induction resulted in a significant decline (p<0.05) in the levels of antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione s transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) compared to the untreated diabetic rats. In addition, significant increase (p<0.05) in the degree of lipid peroxidation measured as TBARS was observed. However, significant elevation (p<0.05) of the levels of antioxidant enzymes and significant decrease (p<0.05) in the degree of lipid peroxidation after repeated oral treatment with MB was observed compared to diabetic controls. These findings demonstrate the protective potentials of MB against oxidative stress induced liver damage and its probable potency as an antioxidant and antidiabetic agent.

Keywords: Momordica balsamina, Streptozotocin, Oxidative stress, Antioxidant, Diabetes.

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STUDIES OF MOSQUITOES IN HADEJIA EMIRATE, JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA

 

AHMED, U.A & SANI, ZAKARIYYA

Department of Biological Sciences, Sule lamido University Kafin Hausa, Jigawa State Nigeria

 

ABSTRACT

Studies on Mosquitoes in Hadejia emirate, Jigawa State, Nigeria revealed the presence of eight species; 107 (16.09%) Aedes aegypti, 123 (18.50%) Ae. africanus, 41 (6.16%) Ae. albopictus, 60 (9.02%) Ae. furcifer, 76 (11.43%) Ae. taylori, 42 (6.32%) Ae. luteocephalus, 77 (11.58%) Culex decens, 31 (4.66%) Cx. dutton and 82 (12.33%) Mansonia Africana. Within the (8) Local Government Areas sampled, Hadejia has the highest member of mosquitoes obtained. Anopheles species were only reported from Auyo and Guri has the least number of Mosquitoes Aedes africanus was the most abundant while Anopheles funestus was the least. The mosquitoes identified in this study are of public health importance and there is an urgent need to control them by treatment of their breeding places and indoor residual spray.

Keywords: Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, Mansonia, Mosquito 

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PLESIOMONAS SHIGELLOIDES IN SOME VEGETABLES: A RARELY OCCURRENCE PATHOGENIC VIBRIONACEAE IN GOMBE

 

DAHIRU, M.1*, IBRAHIM, N. L.1 AND ALIYU, H. U.1‑ AND KABIRU. Y. M.2

1 Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Federal University Kashere, P.M.B. 0182, Gombe State, Nigeria 2National Primary Health Care Development Agency

 

ABSTRACT

In the North eastern part of Nigeria, very little is known about Plesiomonas shigelloides in clinical laboratories and environment. Most research only sought of other members of Vibrionaceae in our medical laboratories, due to uncommon occurrence, lack of facilities or due to ignorance, would there be report of any gastrointestinal illness. P. shigelloides is an aquatic microorganism recognized as potential human and animal pathogen.  It is against this background this study aimed at determining and occurrence of P. shigelloides in vegetable which formed part of our daily diet. A total of forty-two samples; fourteen (14) lettuces, fourteen (14) cabbages and fourteen (14) tomatoes were collected and cultured by enrichment in alkaline peptone water (APW). Sorbitol McConkeyagar and sheep blood agar were used for the isolation. Colonies appeared on SMA and SBA was screen with oxidase test and sub-cultured on nutrient agar for other biochemical tests. No single isolates was identified to be P. shigelloides in the results of all samples of all vegetables sampled. This suggests that vegetable samples sold in Gombe markets are safe and free from P. shigelloides.

Keywords: “freshwater”, “estuarine”, “halophilic”, “lettuce”, “cabbage” “tomato”.

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ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANTS ON IMMUNE SYSTEM: A REVIEW

 

SABINA KHANAM

Department of Biological Sciences, Yobe State University, Nigeria.

 

ABSTRACT

Antioxidants are first line of defense against damage which is caused by free radicals and play an important role in immune function. Exposure to pollutants, drugs, cigarette smoke, stress, illness can increase the production of free radicals in the body. Several antioxidants like Vitamin E , Vitamin C and β-Carotene play an important role in immune responsiveness, health and can affect immune responses. These antioxidants increase the activity of cells which are involved in immunity. This review article focus on the effects of antioxidants on immunity and how immune system depends on antioxidants.

Keyword: antioxidants, immunity, free radical, vitamin c

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ISOLATION, ANTI-TUMOR AND ANTI-OVARIAN CANCER ANALYSIS OF PURE COMPOUND FROM THE LEAF OF  ANNONA MURICATA LINN. (ANNONACEAE)

 

1.*UKWUBILE, CLETUS A., 2. CYNTHIA T. SAMAGORO, 3. BALOGUN JOSHUA B.

Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State 2.Department of Pharmacognosy and drug development, Gombe State University, Gombe, 3. Department of Biological Science, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State Nigeria.

 

ABSTRACT

Ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of death from gynaecological malignancy. More than 60% of the patients are presenting the disease in stage III or IV. In spite of combination of chemotherapy and surgery, the prognosis stays poor for therapy regimen. The leaves of   Annona muricata were extracted and then fractionated by column chromatography. In vitro cytotoxicity tests were performed with fractions and with an isolated compound on ovarian cancer cell line,  at concentrations of 6.25-200 μg/mL  for crude extract and pure compound. Cytotoxicity was measured after 24, 48 and 72 hours using  MTT assay. In vivo cytotoxicity was tested on ascites, developed in the abdomen of  albino mice after inoculation with human epithelia OV7-CDNA-20µL cells intraperitoneally. Cytotoxicity of the crude extract and pure compound  for the cell line at all time points IC50 was greater than 10 μg/mL,  at 48 hours  (95% confidence interval ; t-test). Both the crude plant extract as well as the pure compound of A. muricata leaf killed the cancer cell at a final concentration of 200 μg/mL and 100μg/ mL respectively  at all concentrations. Mean survival time (MST) and percentage increase in life span were highest in group IV with values 3.0 ± 0 .03 and 5±0.05  respectively at 1000 mg / kg body weight (b.w).Packed cell volume (PCV) and Non-viable tumors cell counts (NVC) showed progressive increase as the dosage increased from 10 -1000 mg/kg in all the groups while viable tumor cell counts decreased in all the groups as compared to doxorubicin. The study showed that A. muricata leaf  has  potent anti-ovarian cancer effects against ovarian cancer cell line, and represents a source for ovarian cancer therapy.

Keywords: Ovarian cancer, Annona muricata, MTT assay, Cytotoxicity, tumor cell

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APPRAISAL OF THE PATTERN OF DRUG PRESCRIPTION AND CONSUMPTION IN GENERAL HOSPITAL MAKARFI FROM 2011 – 2015

 

ALEWU, B., MUSA, D. O., FIRDAUSI, U., CAROLINE, Y., & YAHAYA B. Y.                           

Shehu Idris College of Health Sciences and Technology, Makarfi,  Kaduna State – Nigeria.

 

ABSTRACT

The patterns of drugs consumption and prescription in General Hospital Makarfi Kaduna state were undertaken. Drug is any chemical substances other than food that provide nutritional support that when inhaled, injected, smoked, consumed, absorbed via a patch on the skin or dissolved under the tongue causes a physiological change in the body. Drug consumption is the process of taking a chemical substance which is either prescribed by doctors, nurses or any of the medical practitioners with the sole aim of preventing, suppressing, and curing diseases or ailment.  Prescription is a health care program implemented by a physician or other qualified health practitioners in a form of instruction that govern the plan of care for an individual patients. The purpose of this research is to find out the various forms of drugs employed by people, the type of drugs for each ailment mostly consumed by patients, the various ailment suffered by people that warrants the use of various drugs, and the age group mostly involved in drug consumption in General Hospital Makarfi from 2011-2015. This study is significant because it will give information of accurate diagnosis and proper treatment of patients by the doctors in this hospital generally. Secondly, cases of multi-drug resistance by patients can be detected and corrected. The problem of addiction, drug abuse, misuse, may be identified and addressed. Descriptive survey design was employed for this study. Both structured questionnaire and recorded data were used as instruments for data collection. The respondents were staff working in the present hospital and include: the Doctors, pharmacists, Nurses, and Medical record officers. The total number of 50 respondents and target population of 203096 patients attending this hospital for the stated period were considered for this present study. The method of sampling technique employed for this study is simple random sampling technique. The sample used for this study is 203096. This study employed simple percentage in data analysis. The form of drug mostly prescribed by doctors to the patients in this hospital is injectables (35174)(24%) followed by tablet (31434) (23%) between 2011 and 2015. Anti-malarials (1175344) (45.1%) were the type of drugs mostly prescribed for these patients in General Hospital Makarfi between 2011 and 2015,  and least with anti-angina (17600) (0.7%).  Comparing the anti-malarials, considering Coartem®, lonart®, P-Alaxin®, Quinine, and Artemeter produced by different companies, Artemeter is the drug mostly prescribed and consumed by these patients. In general, antimicrobial agents were the most prescribed in this hospital.  For the stated period, the category of patients mostly prescribed drugs is the teenagers (179413) (4.7%). The type of diseases mostly suffered by these people is malaria (46537) (22.7%) and typhoid fever (36007) (18.0%) between 2011 and 2015 and least wit enterocolitis (2430) (1.2%). For the stated period, the category of patient mostly prescribed drugs is the young adult (349230) (18%) approximately between the ages of 21 – 35 years closely followed by infants (Aged 2-5yrs) (264852)(14%). Conclusively, STOP. It is recommended here that patient should follow the appropriate prescription by the doctor in order to avoid drug abuse. Patients must follow the appropriate pattern of drug consumption to avoid drug dependence or drug addition, patient should explain the illness clearly to the doctor (physician) in order to obtain accurate prescription.

Keywords: Drug, Consumption, Prescription, Hospital

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ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF GUEIRA SENEGALENSIS AND MANGIFERA INDICA ON LOOSE SMUT PATHOGEN (SPORISORIUM CRUENTUM)

 

1RABI, R.A, 2MARDIYYA AUWAL YAKASAI , 2MUSA, H., AND A. S., 3 KUTAMA,

1 Department of Science., Laboratory, Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Kazaure, Jigawa State 2Department of Biology, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil 3Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University, Dutse.

 

ABSTRACT

Methanolic extracts from two different plant species were tested at concentrations 250, 125, 62.5 and 31.2mg/ml as potential sources of antifungal agents for the fungi Sporisorium cruentum. The plant species were Guiera senegalensis (leaves) and Mangifera indica (leaves). The objective of the research was to determine the antifungal activities of leave extract with methanol as solvents on the most frequently occurring sorghum pathogens of the loose smut (Sporisorium cruentum) in Nigeria. All extracts exhibited moderate to good activities on the tested fungi with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The test organism was sensitive to the G. senegalensis extracts, with 14mm and 10mm in diameter at 250mg/ml and 125mg/ml, respectively. The test organism was sensitive to M. indica leaf extract with 12mm in diameter at 250mg/ml. The results showed that all the plants exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration against the test organism. Therefore, it is concluded that extracts of G. senegalensis and M. indica could be used in controlling the fungal pathogen of loose smut (Sporisorium cruentum).

Keyword: Methanolic extracts, antifungal  Mangifera indica, G. senegalensis, activities, Sporisorium cruentum

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INTERACTION OF AGE, HEALTH LOCUS OF CONTROL, SOCIAL SUPPORT AND PERCEIVED QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS

 

OLAPEGBA P.O (PHD.) & OSAMIKA BAMIDELE EMMANUEL

Department of Psychology, Faculty of The Social Sciences.

 

ABSTRACT

The concept of quality of life seems to be an indispensible one; particularly in the domain of health care and social services. Hence, the study examined a correlation among age, health locus of control, social support and the perceived quality of life of hypertensive patients.  A purposive sample of two hundred (91 males and 109 females) hypertensive patients participated in the study. The age of this sample ranged between 25 and 75 years, means =46.35, SD =12.37. The sample was drawn from the outpatient cardiovascular ward of General Hospital Iwaro- Oka, Ondo –State, Nigeria. Three standardized psychological scales were used to collect data on health locus of control, social support and perceived quality of life of the sample. The data collected was analysed using correlation analysis.  The result indicated that there was a positive correlation between age perceived quality of life of hypertensive patients (r{1,200}=.360; p<.01). In addition, social support and the perceived quality of life had positive correlation (r{1,200}=.114;p<.05). Moreover, there was no correlation between health locus of control and the perceived quality of life (r{1,200}=.017; p>.05).  From the research results, responsible organizations and agencies should establish activities to promote social support for hypertensive patient to enhance their quality of life. Increasing public awareness to better understand basic needs for social support and providing education on nutrition and the age range related problems to the community were deemed important.

Keyword: Age, Health Locus of Control, Social Support and Perceived Quality of Life.

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PREVALENCE OF ANAEMIA DURING PREGNANCY, A CASE STUDY OF WOMEN ATTENDING FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE MAKURDI AND FAMILY SUPPORT PROGRAMME CLINIC MAKURDI, BENUE STATE.

 

*DR. BERNARD ORTWER ATU; & **ORJIME, MARK TERHILE

*Biological Sciences Department, Benue State University Makurdi Benue State. **Biology Unit, School of Basic Sciences, Nigeria Maritime University, Okerenkoko, Delta State.

 

ABSTRACT

Anaemia during Pregnancy is the cause of a significant burden of maternal mortality and poor birth outcomes globally especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Anaemia among pregnant women and identify its prevalence per trimester among women receiving antenatal care at Federal medical centre and Family support programme clinic. Between the months of July and October, a total of 453 pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 42years were examined for the prevalence of Anaemia during Pregnancy. Among the 112 (24.72%) who were in their first trimester,54(48.21%) were found to be Anaemic. Out of the 166 (36.64%) who were in their second trimester, 78(46.99%) had Anaemia while from the 175 (38.63%) who were in their third trimesters,94(53.71%) were found to be Anaemic. Thus 226 from the total of 453 pregnant women examined were found to be Anaemic, giving an overall prevalence of 49.89%. Statistical analysis showed that there is no significant difference between the anaemic and the non-anaemic pregnant women (X2 = 0.856, n=2, P=0.05). This implies that half of the population of pregnant women attending Antenatal clinics at these hospitals are Anaemic. The reason for this prevalence in maternal anaemia is attributed to nutritional deficiencies, late attendance of antenatal clinic and Parasitic diseases such as Malaria. These findings may be significant in availing relevant information towards the control of Anaemia during pregnancy.

Keywords: Anaemia, Maternal Mortality, Trimester, Antenatal care, Nutritional deficiencies, Parasitic diseases.

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AN ABATTOIR STUDY OF CAPRINE MASTITIS IN ALKALERI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA BAUCHI STATE

 

SANI, A.; UMAR, A.; SANGA M.J.; & OYENIRAN, J.O.

1Department of Animal Health and production, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi Statte.

 

ABSTRACT

A study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of mastitis in goat breeds slaughtered at the  Alkaleri metropolitan abattoir. A total of 1,916 does ofRed sokoto,kanoBrown ,Sahelian,West African Dwarf,and their crosses were studied. The result showed that infection rate of mastitis among the breeds were significantly different(p<0.05) values being 53.36, 5.77, 51.24, 50.46, and 28.57% for Re sokoto, Kano Brown  ,Croses,Sahel and West African Dwarf goats respectively. The prevalence of mastitis in the three age groups (Young, matured and older does) differed significantly (p<0.001) values being 34.4, 42.9, 68.4 respectively. It is concluded that there is a genotype difference in prevalence of mastitis in the study area,the older does were more susceptible to the disease than the youger and matured ones.It is therefore recommended that goats under the free range extensive system should be given prophylactic treatment against mastitis before attaining puberty and subsequently.lower prevalence rate of this disease could be used as an index for selecting dairy goats.

Key words: Abattoir, Study, Caprine, Mastitis, Alkaleri

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KINETICS AND EQUILIBRIUM STUDIES ON THE ADSORPTION AND DESORPTION PATTERN FOR DICHLORVOS INSECTICIDE ON STARCH STABILIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES

 

N E IHEGWUAGU1-4, R. SHA’ATO4, T.A. TOR-ANYIIN4, L. NNAMONU4, FAYOMI4. O. M. AND M. MAAZA1-2

1Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria (ARCN), PRD, Agricultural Research House, Mabushi, P. O. Box 5026, Wuse, Abuja-Nigeria. 2UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, Muckleneuk ridge, PO    Box 392, Pretoria-South Africa, 3Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, 1 Old Faure road, Somerset West 7129, P.O.Box 722, Somerset West, Western Cape Province, South Africa. 4Chemistry Dept. & Centre for Agrochemical Technology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Markudi, Benue State, Nigeria.

 

ABSTRACT

In this study, the ability of starch nano-silver particles (CVNPs) to adsorb Dichlorvos (VOS) from aqueous solution was investigated through batch equilibrium experiments. Cassava starch stabilized silver nanoparticles were prepared by chemical reduction and physical gelation and synthesis monitored with UV-Vis spectrophotometer for the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) of silver nanoparticles. Product CVNPS were characterized by UV–Visible Spectrophotometry, Fourier Transform- Infrared (FT-IR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy(HRTEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED), Powder X-Ray Diffractometry (PXRD),  Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA). The SPR of CVNPs was 403nm. The morphology was spherical, monodisperse and average size range of 11nm. EDX, SAED and PXRD confirmed the silver (Ag) presence with the revelation of reflections of silver nanoparticles  indexed as (111), (200), (220) and (311) with the corresponding 2θ values of 38.4 O, 44.4 O, 64.1 O and 77.7 O respectively. The adsorption of dichlorvos onto CVNPs has been found to depend on initial concentration and contact time. The experiments were carried out at pH of 6.5. Equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir and Freundlich models with values of R2 of Langmuir better with a maximum adsorption capacity of 33.33 mg/l. The experiments showed that the highest adsorption rate was 92% for dichlorvos (VOS). Desorption pattern showed hysteresis, while sorbed dichlorvos depicted slow release, thus making CVNPs suitable matrix for slow release formulation of pesticides.

Keywords: Kinetics, Starch nanoparticles, adsorption-desorption   dichlorvos

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REVALENCE OF MALARIAL INFECTION AMONGST PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTE-NATAL CLINIC AT GENERAL HOSPITAL, HADEJIA, NIGERIA

 

1SULEMAN ABUBAKAR; 2MUA’AZU ABDULLAHI KOFAR NA’ISA; 3GWANA ADAMU MOHAMMED; 4ISA YUNUSA; & 5FATI ALI DIMARI

1Department of General Studies, Binyaminu Usman Polytechnic, Hadejia, Jigawa State, Nigeria 2Department of Pollution Control, Ministry of Environment, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria 3Laboratory Unit, Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, Nigeria 4Department of General Study, Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, Nigeria 5Department of Biochemistry, Kano State University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Nigeria

 

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of malaria infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at General Hospital, Hadejia Jigawa State, Nigeria, between June to July, 2019. Five hundred (500) blood samples were collected from the subjects by using venipuncture techniques dispensed in to EDTA blood bottles parked in cold-chained box and transported to laboratory. Thick and thin blood smear were made and stained with Leshmans’ and Giemsa’s staining technique as described by Cheesbrough, 2004.  Films were examined microscopically with objective lens × 10, × 40 and × 100 oil immersion lenses for the presence or absence of malaria parasites. Result obtained revealed that the overall prevalence of malaria infection among pregnant women was 69.7%. The prevalence of malaria parasite according to gestation age was that out of 500 pregnant women involved, 150 (30%) were in their first trimester, 152 (30.4%) were in their second trimester and 198 (38.4) were found to be in their third trimester.  These in first trimester were (150); 104 (69.3) were found to have lower prevalence, while 46 (30.66%) pregnant not followed by those in second trimester were (152); 106 (69.7%) were shown prevalence, while 46 shown no prevalence. Those pregnant women in their third trimester 198; 138 (70.0%) had higher prevalence, while 60 (303%) showed no prevalence. There was no significant relationship (p > 0.05) between the trimester and prevalence of the infection. There was no significant relationship (p ˃ 0.05) between the trimester and prevalence of the infection. Hence pregnant women are advised to attend antenatal clinic for medical cheek and follow-up for their wellbeing.

Keywords: General Hospital, Infection Malaria Parasites, Pregnancy, Prevalence.

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