BERKELEY PUBLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE (BJMBPS) (VOL. 9 NO. 9)
ISSN: 1211-4401 MARCH, 2019
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Berkeley Research and Publications International,
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PAPERS:
ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY, USING BIOTIC INDICES OF KWARE LAKE
1YELWA, S.M, 1MAGAMI, IM, 1NWANKWO,C.T.; 2IBRAHIM, I.M. AND 3BELLO, A
1Department of Biological Sciences (Zoology Unit), Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria. 2Rabiu Musa Kwankwaso College of Advance and Remedial Studies, Dankadai Kano, Nigeria. 3Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Biotic indices have become key assessment tool in most recent national and transnational policies which aimed at improving water quality of water. Kware Lake is a major dependent water source to the inhabitants, which is used for domestic among others.The study was conducted to assess its water quality using biotic indices 2016. Water and macroinvertebrates samples were collected biweekly from June to July 2016. Physicochemical variables were determined and macroinvertebrates were identified using standard methods. The results shows that physicochemical variables range as follows; pH 5.1-8.9, Temperature 26-31oC, Transparency 1.3–25.5M, Dissolved Oxygen 4.8– 9.0mg/l, Biochemical Oxygen Demand 1.5-5.0mg/l, Turbidity 3.0-19.5NTU, Conductivity 27.9-30.1μS/cm, Nitrate 0.6-2.8mg/l, and Phosphate 0.13-0.20mg/L. The statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between the physicochemical variables within the period of study at P>0.05. Macroinvertebrate composition and abundance of identified species was higher and more diverse at sampling point C with 461 individuals (50.3%) followed by point A with 263 individuals (28.7%) and point B with 193 individuals (21.1%). It was also observed that the family paludomidae (Freshwater snail), order Diptera (family Athericidae, Chironomidae, syrphidae, Tabanidae), order coleoptera (family hydrophilidae, Haliplidae, Gyrinidae), order Hemiptera (family belostomidae, corixidae, Gerridae), order Odonata (family Aeshnidae, Coenagrionidae, and Calopterygidae) were most abundant and diverse species and widely distributed at all sampled points. Water Quality from three indices out of the four used revealed that all sampling points were moderately polluted, except EPT% index which reordered all sampling points to be severely polluted.
Keywords: BioticIndices, Kware Lake,Macroinvertebrates, Physicochemical, Water Quality
COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF LOCAL AND FOREIGN COMMERCIAL FEEDS ON THE GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF AFRICAN CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS) JUVENILS
AZUBUIKE ADAMS (PH.D) AND OLORUNTOBA FOLASHADE CHRISTIANA
Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Nigeria Police Academy Wudil, Kano
ABSTRACT
Growth and survival rate of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles fed with imported (coppens commercial feed) and local feed were observed for twelve weeks (June to August) at the biological science laboratory, the department of biological science, faculty of science building, Nigeria Police Academy Wudil Kano State Nigeria. The study was aimed at the best quality feed in terms of growth rate, total weight and percentage survival rate using African cat fish cultured in an improvised aquarium. The proximate compositions and economics of the feeds and water quality of the cultured tanks were assessed. Fishes were divided into two groups with 4 fishes per tank in replica of three plastic tanks; juveniles were of the same size and length. Fishes in tank A were fed with coppens feed (imported feed) which has moisture of 6.1%, crude protein 42%, crude fibre 1.5%, ash 9.5%, fat/lipid 12% and carbohydrate/NFE 10%. while tank B fishes were fed with local feed which has moisture of 6.4%, crude protein 10.9%, crude fibre 2.8%, ash 4.9%, fat/lipid 3.9% and carbohydrate/NFE 69%. The fishes were fed twice daily; 8am in the morning and 5pm in the evening, and growth performance and physiochemical parameters were monitored weekly. The result however showed that fishes fed with coppens (imported feed) showed the best growth performance, higher weight increase, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio than fishes fed with local feed. Higher mortality was recorded in fishes fed with local feed; the poor growth performance in local feed was a reflection of the feed having low crude protein, lipid and ash. While carbohydrate and crude fibre were higher and imbalance in local feed. Mortality was attributed to stress resulting from the poor quality of the feed, immediate sinking which leads to total dissolution of the feed in water, there was a significant difference between growth rates of the different feeds, (Imported and local).
Keywords: Feeds, growth, survival, juvenils, catfish
GROWTH DETERMINATION OF SELECTED FISH SPECIES IN LAKE ALAU, BORNO STATE, NIGERIA
1MSHELIA, M. B., 1NGOLMO, E.E, . AND 2GARBA, U
1Department of Fisheries Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri, Borno state 2Federal Department of Fisheries, Lagos, Lagos state
ABSTRACT
Growth determination of selected fish species (Oreochromis niloticus, Coptodon zillii, Brycinus nurse and Mormyrus rume ) was carried out in Lake Alau. The aim was to find out the growth pattern of the purposely selected fish species. A total of eighty samples of the four different fish species were purchased from the commercial fisher forks in lake Alau and were carried to the fish biology laboratory for the growth analysis. Scales were for growth assessment and morphometric parts were measured. The data collected were analyzed using standard method. The results for length – weight relationship indicated that the coefficient of correlation (r) calculated for the four (4) different species were 0.8102 , 0.3282 ,0.8289 and 0.8121 respectively . Which indicates that the growth correlation between the length and the weight of Oreochromisniloticus ,Brycinus nurse and Mormyrus rume were slightly strong while Coptodon zillii showed weak correlation . Exponent (b) value obtained for the species were 0.1711 , 0.1392, 0.1685 and 0.1685 respectively . The result shows that all the four species show negative allometric growth which means the pattern were not uniform throughout the body.
Keywords: Growth, Fish age, Fish species, morphometric, strong correlation, exponent
CHECKLIST OF AVIFAUNA OF MUBI SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA
BUBA, Z.M.
Department of Zoology, Adamawa State University, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Studies on the bird species diversity and relative abundance between January to October 2017, was carried out to checklist the avifauna of Mubi South Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria, and to determine the avian diversity and density of Mubi South Local Government Area. Three methods; Breeding Bird Survey-line transect, distance sampling and wandering Point centred quadrant (Wandering PCQ) method along and within the study area were used. Forty Six bird species belonging to twenty three (23) families were recorded at Mubi South Local Government Area. There was a significant difference between the bird species at the different site subjected to student t-test (P<0.05). Whereas in Czekonowski similarity index (Sc) showed no relationship between study sites and bird species. This study revealed that Mubi South is a good area of avifauna diversity.
KEY WORDS: checklist, avifauna, Mubi South, diversity, density
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF TWO INTERACTING PLANT SPECIES: A CASE OF WEED AND TOMATOES
- ISOBEYE GEORGE
Department of Mathematics/Statistics, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt.
ABSTRACT
A nonlinear mathematical model is proposed to study the stability analysis of the coexistence steady-state solution of two interacting plant species, using a computational approach. A control mechanism was introduced by applying the growth inhibitor (herbicide) parameter to the weed, , while a growth enhancer (fertilizer) parameter, , was applied to the food crop (tomatoes), . The analysis shows that increase in while keeping fixed or vice versa, gradually increases the density of and gradually decreases the density of . The result also reveals that the simultaneous increase in and and at the same rate hastens the growth rate of and hastens the rate of decay of . The result further shows that, irrespective of the variations, the system remains stable.
Keywords: Stability analysis, interacting plant species, growth enhancer, growth inhibitor, intrinsic growth rate.
A SURVEY OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF FOUR MEDICINAL PLANTS USED LOCALLY IN THE TREATMENT OF MALARIA IN EDO STATE
IYEKEKPOLOR R. M., D. O ERHABOR*, L. O. EDUWUIROFO*, J. O. AKINBOLADE, H. OLIGIE AND 0. LYEKOWA.
Chemistry Department, University of Benin, Benin City.
ABSTRACT
Four medicinal plants namely stigmaphyllon ovatum (Amazon vine) Cav; Euphorbia hirta (cat’s hair), L. Caju (cashew plant), and magnifera indica (Mango)L were investigated for their phytochemical constituents due to their local use in the treatment of malaria in Edo State. S. ovatum (powdered leaves, 89g); E. hirta (powdered whole plant, 34g); Caju (powdered leaves, 62g) and M. indica (powdered leaves, 53g) were extracted with a soxhlet extractor and solvent removed by rotary evaporator. Phytochemical screening was performed with standard methods. Tannins and steroids were not present in S. ovtaum and E. hirta respectively. However, alkaloids, steroids, terpenes, saponins and flavonoids whose medicinal implication are known were present.
Keywords: phytochernical; S. ovatum; E. hirta; Caju, M. indica, phytochemical
BACTERIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE PRESERVATIVE ACTIVITY OF THREE CHEMICAL PRESERVATIVES ON THE SHELF –LIFE OF KUNNU –ZAKI HAWKED IN OSOGBO METROPOLIS
1EFUNWOLE, O.O., 2OYEWALE M.O. AND 3ADEBAYO O.R
1Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Osun state polytechnic, Iree 2,3Department of Applied Sciences, Osun state polytechnic, Iree
ABSTRACT
The activity of three commonly preservatives used in prolonging the shelf-life of juices (sodium metabisulphite, sodium benzoate and benzoic acid) were compared on kunnu-zaki hawked in Osogbo metropolis. From each town (Ikirun, Iree, Dagbolu, Ifon-osun, Ada and Osogbo) three bottles of kunnu- zaki were randomly purchased making a total of 18 samples and were brought to the laboratory for analysis immediately. Microorganisms were isolated from the kunnu- zaki before and after storage for 2 weeks. They were analysed according to standard microbiological methods to determine the total bacteria counts and types. The bacteria loads, types and organoleptic status were determined, thereafter preservatives were added and stored at room temperature (25±27oC) for 2 weeks. The same analysis (type, microbial loads and organoleptic status) was repeated for each of the sample. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis were found in the samples before addition of the preservatives and the loads decreased on daily basis while the bacteria load increased from the 1st day to the last day in the unpreserved sample and ranged from 0.56 – 2.21 x 104 Cfu/ml. The antibacterial activity of the preservatives determined showed that benzoic acid inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis at 200mg/ml while others were not inhibited. It was revealed on the 14th day of the colonial counts that benzoic acid was the most active preservative followed by sodium benzoate while sodium metabisulphite was observed the least. Also, the organoleptic tests carried out on the samples showed that those ones preserved with benzoic acid was the best.
Keywords: Preservatives, Kunnu-zaki, Bacteria, Organoleptic tests, .Antibacterial activity
PRODUCTION OF MOSQUTIO REPELLENT USING ORANGE AND LEMON PEELS
UMAR ABDULLAHI; SHITU, F.A; HASSAN, A. AND SAADATU BELLO KIRFI
Department of science Laboratory Technology and General Studies, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The mosquito repellent activity of phytochemical extracts from peels of two citrus fruit species, Citrus Orange and Citrus Lemon, was investigated. The volatile phytochemical extracts were obtained from processed air – dried and powder citrus fruit peels by Soxchlet extraction using Methanol as solvent. Five different concentrations, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% (volume by volume) were prepared from each extract stock. Topical application of the extract concentrations on human volunteers revealed that 20% to 25% repelled mosquitoes 2 hours and 5 hours, respectively. Short – lived and mild skin itching and sneezing reactions were observed on five volunteers as side effects. This study has shown that phytochemical extracts from species of citrus fruit have good promise for topical repellence against mosquitoes.
Keywords: Production, Mosqutio, Repellent, Orange, Lemon.
EFFECTS OF NOISE ON HUMAN HEALTH AND BEHAVIOR
JOYCE LODSON
ABSTRACT
Noise is a commonly misconceived environmental pollutant. It is often not classified with other pollutants because it seems to lack some of the general characteristics that other pollutants have, i.e. it cannot be seen, felt, smelled or tasted. It has however been recognized as a pollutant since 1972 by the WHO. Noise is a nuisance which is often imposed on us against our will and in ways and volumes over which we have no control. This review looks at noise as an environmental problem with detrimental effects on both human health and behavior. Several health and behavioral risks associated with noise have been considered in this paper which include hearing impairment, cardiovascular problems, sleep disturbance, interference with cognitive ability and annoyance. Noise disturbance in buildings is often caused by sounds from both within the building and from without. Various solutions to control and prevent noises have thus been proffered in this paper which can go a long way in controlling the detrimental effects of noise.
Keywords: Sound, Noise Effects, Human Health, Human Behavior, Noise Control
ISOLATION OF COLIFORM BACTERIA (E.coli) FROM DOMESTIC TANK WATER SUPPLY IN BAUCHI METROPOLIS
1AMINU MUSA BRINGA 1AHMED YUSUF ABDULLAHI & 2SAADATU IBRAHIM YELWA
1Department of Basic Studies, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, P.M.B 0231, Bauchi State of Nigeria. 2College of Art and Remedial Studies, Kano State of Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Water contamination due to feacal coliform is one of the serious environmental problem which has greatly impacted human health. Recorded history of contaminated drinking water supply has witnessed various bacterial diseases globally. Over 250 million cases of water borne diseases are reported worldwide and over 25 million deaths occurs due to water borne diseases. In some problem due to bad sanitary condition and poor drinking water quality. This study is aimed to determine the physiochemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water within Bauchi metropolis. Ten water samples were collected from different domestic storage tank water supply for physiochemical and microbial analysis were conducted. The result obtained showed variation in the analyzed physiochemical parameters of the water sample such as the PH (6.65-7.91), Turbidity (5-10 NTU) and TDS (4-10 mg/l). The PH of all the samples were within the permissible limit of world health organization standard. All the ten samples of water collected were coliform positive. On the other hand four of the samples were feacal coliform positive and only three samples were E. coli positive that is feacally contaminated which means not fit for drinking.
Keywords: Tank water supply, Bacteriological analysis, Physiochemical analysis, Coliform bacteria
PANACEA FOR ELIMINATING FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION IN NIGERIA: LEGAL ACTION OR HEALTH EDUCATION?
- SAIDU ISAH, SANI BUBA & SAGIR ABDULKADIR
Department of Physical and Health Education, Aminu Saleh College of Education, Azare, Bauchi State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The practice of total or partial removal of external female genitalia for nonmedical reasons (Female Genital Mutilation; FGM) has been in existence for over 2000 years BC and over 140 million women and girls were subjected to the practice. Some of the reasons behind perpetuation of the practice include culture, religion, purification, preservation of virginity, initiation among others. The practice results into many health consequences such as bleeding; shock, infection, urine retention; painful urination; painful sexual intercourse; loss of sexual desire; frigidity, tear during labour; prolonged and obstructed labour; infertility; newborn deaths; maternal deaths; vulva keloids; vesico virginal and recto virginal fistulae. Several attempts were made to eliminate this traditional practice, but recent researches pointed that over 8,000 young girls are at risk of being subjected to the practice every day worldwide, Nigeria inclusive. The 1999 Constitution of the federal republic of Nigeria, 34 (1a) shuns any act of torture or inhuman treatment or violence against any person under the right to dignity of human person. Moreover, the Nigerian government has prohibited the practice of FGM in Nigeria by the passage of children’s’ right bill into law in may 2003. In addition to that, some states such as Bayelsa, Cross Rivers, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Ogun, Ondo and Rivers have categorically passed laws against the practice. Despite all these the prevalence remained as high as 80 -90% in Delta, 30 -40% in Edo, 35 -45% in Ogun, 90 -98% in Ondo and 60 – 70% in Rivers. While states like Adamawa and Kwara have the prevalence of 60 -70%, Plataue has 30 -90%, Bauchi 50 -60% and Benue 90 -100%. It is therefore recommended that legal action alone is insufficiently enough to eliminate any culturally or religiously inclined practice but health education through massive awareness campaigns, sensitisation campaigns would significantly help to reduce it to the barest level.
Keywords: FGM, Legal Action, Health Education
THE PREVALENCE OF Fasciola hepatica IN SLAUGHTERED CATTLES SOLD WITHIN BAUCHI
UMAR ABDULLAHI, WADA NAFIU MUHAMMAD, HAMZA SALIHU HARUNA AND SAADATU BELLO KIRFI
Department of science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi State Nigeria
ABSTRACT
This study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in slaughtered cattle’s sold within Bauchi due to high level of meat consumption in Bauchi Metropolis. The study was carried out for 4 days on 10 samples of feacal per day and 10 bile per day. The Prevalence of Fasciala hepatica on the collected samples was calculated using simple frequency table from which a conclusion was drawn. A total of 80 samples were collected (40 Feacal and 40 Bile) from Inkil abattoir. The result of the investigation showed that only 1 feacal sample indicates the presence of egg of Fasciola hepatica and 1 sample indicates the presence of adult Fasciola hepatica, while 2 of the bile sample indicates the presence of egg of Fasciola hepatica and 2 bile samples also indicates the presence adult Fasciola hepatica. Due to the low rate of infected sample and based on the frequency table obtained and we conclude that there are no much presence of egg or adult Fasciola hepatica in the feacal and bile sample.
Keywords: Prevalence, Fasciola Hepatica, Slaughtered, Cattles, Sold .
THE EFFICACY OF Ocimum gratissimum AND Piper guineense ON SELECTED RESISTANT STRAINS OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS Staphylococcus aureus AND Escherichia coli
UDOSEN, I. E.1; SAMUEL, E.2; EBU, B.1 AND ISAAC, F.G1
1Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi. 2Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi.
ABSTRACT
The antimicrobial efficacy of Ocimum gratissimum and Piper guineense on drug resistant strains Staphyloccoccus aureus and Escherichia coli were investigated in the study. The bioactive component of extracts of Ocimum gatissimum and Piper guineense were determined which showed that aqueous ethanol and crude extracts of Ocimum gratissimum contain alkaloid, Tannin, Saponin, Flavanoid and terpenoid, while the Piper guineense consist of alkanoid, Saponin, Tannin and Flavanoid respectively. The antibacterial activities using disc diffusion method for Ocimum gratissimum showed that Staphylococcus aureus had an inhibition zone of 4mm and E. coli had 1mm zone of inhibition for ethanol while with Piper guineense, Staphylococcus aureus had inhibition zones of 4mm and 1mm for ethanol and aqueous extracts while E. coli showed a zone of 2mm in both aqueous and ethanol extracts.
Keywords: Ocimum Gratissimum, Piper Guineens, Resistant, Strains, Bacterial.
SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY ON ZN-DOPED LEAD CHALCOGENIDE (PBSE)100 – XZNX THIN FILMS COMPOSED OF NANOPARTICLES
*BUBA MOHAMMED **ALHAJI MUSTAPHA ISA ***ABUBAKAR MOHAMMED BELLO
*Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Fed. Poly Mubi Adadmawa**Department of Civil Engineering technology, Mai Idris Alooma polytechnic, P.M.B 1020 Geidm, Yobe State Nigeria ***Department of Basic Studies, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi.
ABSTRACT
The effect of laser-Irradiation on the optical properties of Zn-doped PbSe chalcogenite thin films composed of nanoparticles has been studied. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigations suggest the formation of nanoparticles of average size of 50 nm for all the studied Zn compositions. XRD studies show that the as-prepared thin films are polycrystalline in nature. The formation of nanoparticles of Zn-doped PbSe has been confirmed by indexing the crystal planes as observed in the XRD spectra. The addition of Zn in (PbSe)100 − xZnx thin films result in the blue shift in photoluminescence spectra, this blue shift is associated with the narrowing of the band gap. Optical absorption measurements reveal a direct band gap for the present samples, which decreases on increasing the Zn content. The same trend has also been observed for the samples irradiated with laser. Further, the calculated values of Urbach energy are found to increase with the increase in Zn contents for the as prepared as well as laser-irradiated samples. All the above observations agree well with the results of optical band gap and suggest that the decrease in band gap may be due to increase in band tails, defects and particle size.
Keywords: Lead chalcogenides, Thin films, Nanoparticles, Optical band gap, Urbach energy.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PROTEUS MIRABILIS AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS TO ALOE VERA BITTER LEAF AND BITTER COLA SEED EXTRACTS.
EBU, B., UDOSEN, I. E.; WADA, M. N. AND IRIKEFE, L.C.
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi.
ABSTRACT
The susceptibility of Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus to Aloe Vera, Bitter leaf and bitter cola seed extracts was investigated. Photochemical screening of the plant extract showed the presence of tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid and cardiac glycosides. The leaves extract was assessed against clinical isolates of Staphylococus aureus and Proteus mirabilis using agar-well diffusion technique. The result revealed that extract gave the zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus at the concentrations of 100%, 80%, 60%, 40% and 20%. Staphylococcus aureus was more susceptible to ethanolic extract of the plant with a diameter of 8mm at 100% concentration and 10mm at 100% concentration extract of Aloe vera. However Proteus mirabilis was more resistant to ethanolic extracts of bitter leaf, bitter cola seed and crude aloe Vera extracts. The investigation indicates that though both plants have antimicrobial activities on the gram-positive test organisms but not effective on the gram negative test organism, it is not effective on grant negative organism.
Keywords: Susceptibility, Proteus Mirabilis, Staphylococcus, Aureus Aloe Vera Bitter.
PREVALENCE OF MALARIA PARASITE AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CARE AT SPECIALIST HOSPITAL BAUCHI, BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA.
UMAR ABDULLAHI1, IKLIMAT AHMAD2, SHUAIBU BALA ADAMU3
1Department of Science Laboratory Technology Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi 2Department of Biological Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi 3Department of Biological Sciences, Aminu Saleh College of Education, Azare.
ABSTRACT
Malaria infection during pregnancy is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world (W.H.O, 2010). The burden of malaria infection during pregnancy is caused mainly by Plasmodium falciparum, the most common malaria species in Africa (W.H.O, 2010). Pregnant women and the unborn children are particularly vulnerable to malaria, which is a major cause of prenatal mortality, low birth weight, and maternal anaemia (Greenwood et al., 2007). The prevalence of malaria parasite infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) in Specialist Hospital Bauchi, out of the 60 pregnant women examined for malaria parasite, 44 (73.3%) were not infected with parasitemia infection while 16 (26.7%) were found to be with various level of parasitemia. Highest prevalence of 13.3% was observed among pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy followed by 8.3% in the second trimester with the least in the third trimester with 5.0% . Primgravidae (11.7%) and secundigravidae 8.3% were more infected than multigravidae women with 6.7% infection.
Keywords: Malaria, Parasite, Pregnant, Women, Antenatal Care.
EVALUATION OF MICROBIAL QUALITY OF FRESH GOAT MEAT SOLD IN OKO SLAUGHTER HOUSE IN ANAMBRA STATE.
KANU C. N.
Department of Food Technology, School of Applied Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic Oko, Anambra State
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to evaluate the microbial quality of fresh meat sold in Oko slaughter house and meat sale environment. A total of two meat sample were collected form meat contact surface in the slaughter house. A culture media (Mac-conkey Agar, Salmonella ShigellaAgar and nutrient agar) was used to identify the microbes. The culture media plate containing the sample mixtures were incubated at 370c for 48hrs and bacteria growth was noticed on each plate. It was found that the gram positive bacteria isolated from both the intestine and skin were (Staphylococcus spp, Bacillus spp, and Coccispp), while the gram negative bacteria isolated were (E.colispp, salmonella spp, streptococcus spp, pseudomonas spp, Vibriosspp and TreponemesSpp). The gram positive fungi isolated were (Fusariumspp and aspergillusspp).
Keywords: Microbial, Quality, Goat, Meat, Slaughter.
FATTY AND AMINO ACIDS PROFILE OFBRYCINUS NURSE AND COPTODON ZILLII FROM LAKE ALAU, MAIDUGURI, BORNO STATE, NIGERIA.
NGOLMO, E. E. MUINAT, M. B. AND MSHELIA, M. B.
Department of Fisheries, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Fatty and Amino acids profile of Brycinusnurse and Coptodon zillii was carried out in Lake Alau. The aim was to determine the fatty and amino acids of the two fresh water fish species. Brycinus nurse and Coptodon zillii were purchased from fishers at Lake Alau for laboratory analysis. Each fish sample was gutted, cleaned, finely minced and then homogenized. Samples for the different chemical analyses were taken from the homogenized material and triplicate determinations were carried out on each sample. Data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistics. Coptodon zillii has the mean value for moisture, dry matter, crude protein, crude fat/lipid, carbohydrate, ash and crude fiber of 79.46, 20.54, 20.55, 1.00, 16.14, 1.16 and 30.08 respectively while Brycinus nurse has mean value of moisture, dry matter, crude protein, crude fat/lipid, carbohydrate, ash and crude fiber 65.73, 34.27, 19.92, 24.33, 18.60, 1.17 and 32.33 respectively. The highest amino acids were recorded in Brycinus nurse. Docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids were the dominant polyunsaturated fatty acids in all the species. However, statistical analysis showed no significant difference at p < 0.05 level of significance. The results indicated that the fish species had high quality protein, essential amino and fatty acid.
Keywords: Fatty acid, Amino acid, Brycinus nurse, Coptodon zillii, Lake Alau
ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND MATERNAL CARE PRACTICES OF PRE SCHOOL CHILDREN IN DASS LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA.
ADEBUSOYE, MICHAEL SUNDAY1, SAMUEL .O. EMMANUEL2 LAWAL RUKAYAT AJOKE 2,
1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi. 2 Department of Food Science & Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi
ABSTRACT
Child undernutrition remains one of Africa’s most fundamental challenges for improved human development because the time and capacities of caregivers are limited; far too many children are unable to access effectively amenities they need for a healthy life. This cross-sectional, descriptive study evaluated the maternal care practices on nutritional status of pre-school children, 150 mothers were selected by systematic random sampling in Dass L.G.A., Bauchi-State, Nigeria. Information on relevant parameters were collected by questionaire, analysed by various indices of descriptive statistics using SPSS version 16.0.Spearman’s rank correlation was used to test for associations between the variables. Thirty-five (23.3%) of the respondents were aged 21-25years.Thirty-three (28.0%) had secondary education, while forty-nine (32.7%) were full housewives. Majority 79(52.7) earned NI,000- N10,000 monthly versus 10(6.7%) who earned N11,000- N20,000.113(75.3%) married while 7(4.7%) of respondents were separated. Sixty-one (40.7%) practiced exclusive breastfeeding within six months. Only seventy-one (47.3%) initiated breastfeeding between 7 and 13 months. Five (3.3%) of children were mildly underweight while nine (6.0%) were severely stunted. The outcome suggested that working time of mothers is a major determinant on their child nutritional status. However, there is a significant relationship on the working time of mothers, income level and educational level of mothers to the nutritional status of their children (P<0.05). Good policy programmes should aim at eradicating poverty, better child care practices that would reduce malnutrition among under-five children.
Keywords: Maternal care, Nutritional status, Preschool children, Dass L.G.A.
ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND MATERNAL CARE PRACTICES OF PRE SCHOOL CHILDREN IN DASS LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA.
ADEBUSOYE, MICHAEL SUNDAY1, EMMANUEL SAMUEL 2, LAWAL RUKAYAT AJOKE 2, HAMISU MUSA2
1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi. 2 Department of Food Science & Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi
ABSTRACT
Child undernutrition remains one of Africa’s most fundamental challenges for improved human development because the time and capacities of caregivers are limited; far too many children are unable to access effectively amenities they need for a healthy life. This cross-sectional, descriptive study evaluated the maternal care practices on nutritional status of pre-school children, 150 mothers were selected by systematic random sampling in Dass L.G.A., Bauchi-State, Nigeria. Information on relevant parameters were collected by questionaire, analysed by various indices of descriptive statistics using SPSS version 16.0.Spearman’s rank correlation was used to test for associations between the variables. Thirty-five (23.3%) of the respondents were aged 21-25years.Thirty-three (28.0%) had secondary education, while forty-nine (32.7%) were full housewives. Majority 79(52.7) earned NI,000- N10,000 monthly versus 10(6.7%) who earned N11,000- N20,000.113(75.3%) married while 7(4.7%) of respondents were separated. Sixty-one (40.7%) practiced exclusive breastfeeding within six months. Only seventy-one (47.3%) initiated breastfeeding between 7 and 13 months. Five (3.3%) of children were mildly underweight while nine (6.0%) were severely stunted. The outcome suggested that working time of mothers is a major determinant on their child nutritional status. However, there is a significant relationship on the working time of mothers, income level and educational level of mothers to the nutritional status of their children (P<0.05). Good policy programmes should aim at eradicating poverty, better child care practices that would reduce malnutrition among under-five children.
Keywords: Maternal care, Nutritional status, Preschool children, Dass L.G.A.