BERKELEY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH, METABOLISM & NUTRITION STUDIES (BJHMNS)
VOL. 19 NO. 3 – MARCH, 2022
Published by:
Berkeley Research and Publications International,
Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano State, Nigeria.
+234-708-717-3247 || Email: berkeleynigeriapublications@gmail.com
PAPERS:
SIGNIFICANT OF SPORTS PROGRAMME ON THE EMPOWERMENT OF YOUTHS
1DR. SANI MUKTAR BICHI; 2EMMANUEL OBIAGBA
Human Kinetics and Health Education Department, Faculty of Education, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
ABSTRACT
The lack of continuous development and proper investment in sport especially that which is targeted at the physical and psychological development of youth have been the bane of youth under development with the attendant consequence of deviant nature, engagement in crime and eroding of socio-cultural and economic contributions to social development. Sports has a special attraction to young people as it offers opportunity for fun, play and physical challenges and the development of youth oriented programmes in sport is fundamental towards promoting the sporting culture amongst young people in Nigeria. The extent to which this could be said to be applicable in our society and how it has impacted the lives of the youths. Furthermore, the extend significant of their engagement in sports programmes could also improve their health status, mortality rate and alleviate their poverty status in the community as sports industry can create opportunity for employment thus making youth productive members in the society. Conclusion and recommendations were made on the way forward that, the agencies such as state sports councils, sports clubs and federation have direct responsible for youth development and should embark on periodic sensitizations, and enlightenment programme among youths on the merit of participation in sporting activities.
Keywords: Sports, Youth, Empowerment.
ESTIMATION OF LOW-ENERGY ON THE BASIC OF NEUTRON – PROTON AND PROTON – PROTON INTERACTIONS
PJ MANGA1, M.U HASHIMU2, R.O. AMUSAT,3 AKOH A. MARY4
1&3Department of Physics, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. 4Government Day Secondary School, Federal Low-Cost Bauchi State-Nigeria
ABSTRACT
In this study, we established a qualitative understanding of the physical quantities which characterize nucleon-nucleon interaction and pion nucleon based on the fact that nuclear forces at low energies in the nucleon-nucleon system are mainly determined by the one-pion exchange mechanism. The result of the computation governed by Yukawa potential as recommended by meson field theory at lowest energies scattering length and effective range shows that the highest energy is obtained at the interaction of proton-proton where the scattering length is in the range of (2.85 – 2.90) g/cm while the effective range is recorded to low. On the other hand, high energy value was obtained at a value of (2.00 -2.05) g/cm of effective range interaction a while low energy was recorded in the case of scattering length at the same length. The charge pion –nucleon coupling constant is obtained at a value of this physical quantity expressed excellent agreement with the experimental value of . This shows electromagnetic interaction associated with the correction will be likely added or removed from the experimental values of the nuclear – coulomb-low energy parameters of scattering.
PACS numbers: 13.75.Cs, 13.75.Gx, 14.20.Dh, 14.40.Be, 25.40.Cm, 25.40.Dn
Keywords: Nucleon – nucleon interaction, scattering, Yukawa potential and Energies
SOCIAL WORK PRACTICES FOR FAMILIES AMIDST SECURITY CHALLENGES IN NIGERIA
UTHMAN SHEHU LAWAL1, HABIBU SADA EL-RUFA’I2 IBRAHIM YUSUF1 BILKISU ABDULLAHI SULEIMAN1 GLORIA KASANG BENO1 & AMOS SANI1
1Department of Social Development, Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Kaduna State University, Makarfi Campus. 2Department of Health Information Management, Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Kaduna State University, Makarfi Campus
ABSTRACT
The social work profession has also been a shelter and shield for families and communities since the inception of the disciplines. Hence, it becomes evident that providing care for conflict-affected families is part and parcel of the profession. It is against this backdrop that this paper examined social work and public health practices for families amidst security challenges in Nigeria. Consequently, the paper discussed the nature of security challenges, causes and effects on families. To address this problem using Social Work practices, relevant approaches and strategies based on global best practices were explained this include: family approach, art and social work practice, ecological resilience and multidisciplinary approaches, tailoring of interventions according to children and family status, policy supports as well as the importance of culture and context. Finally, the paper recommended among others that Government all levels should overhaul Social workers by reviewing the practice to align to current needs and issues of children, youths, families and the general public as well as global best practices; Refresher courses should be mounted for in-service Social Workers to upgrade their knowledge and competence to enable them to employ the needed skills, methods, techniques and approaches in solving problems of families and the general public in the country.
Keywords: Social Work Practice, Families, Approaches, Interventions, Security Challenges
ANTI NUTRIENT, ANTI OXIDANT AND MINERALS CONCENTRATION OF SCHOOL MEALS CONSUMED BY PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS UNDER THE SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMME IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA
MUSTAPHA YUSUF DAUDA1, VICTOR N. ENUJIUGHA2 AND OLUWOLE S. IJAROTINI3
1Department Food Technology, Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State, Nigeria. 2,3Department Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The anti – nutrient properties of the meals shows 0.49%, 9.25mg/100g, 0.20%, 0.59mg/100g and 232.65mg/100g as the oxalate, Tannin, saponin, Cyanogenicglycocide, and phytate content respectively of KC, while 0.24%, 5.75 mg/100g, 0.43%, 0.59 mg/100g, and 200.30 mg/100g were that of KN and 0.29%, 17.50 mg/100g, 0.58%, 0.38 mg/100g and 381.54 mg/100g was that of KS. The phytate–minerals molar ratios of the meals shows that the values were relatively low when compared to the critical values.The anti –oxidant properties of the meals shows that 8.31, 13.08 and 2.75% were the flavonoid, total phenol and alkaloid content of KC respectively, 10.21, 8.99, and 4.08% was that of KN and lastly KS with 7.46, 26.29 and 3.48%. The low content of antinutrient could be due to the processing method applied to the food during processing. From the results it was observed that there is no significant difference (P< 0.05) on Phosphorous content of all the samples. A significant difference (P< 0.05) was observed between KC and “KN, KS” on sodium, copper, Potassium and Manganese content of all the samples. Magnesium, calcium, zinc and iron content of all the samples was significantly different (P< 0.05). This Research shows that,the School meals do not meet theone third of recommended daily energy and nutrient intakes (RNI). It is recommended that the schools should improve the nutrient intakes of the pupils by providing foods that will serve at least one third of recommended daily energy and nutrient intakes (RNI).Na/K, Ca/P ratio of the meal adequately met the WHO RDI, this indicate that given this food to the children will prevent them from becoming hypertensive and the meal will help in promoting bone development and teeth formation of the children.
Keywords: School-meal, school children,anti-nutrients, ant-oxidants and minerals concentration.
FACTORS AFFECTING UTILIZATION OF MATERNAL HEALTHCARE SERVICES IN BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA
MUDI HADIZA; & ZAINAB MUSA YAHAYA
Department of General Studies, AlikoDangote College of Nursing Sciences, PMB 0445, Bauchi state, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
This study determined factors affecting the utilization of maternal health care services among women of reproductive age in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Simple random sampling technique was used to select three sites within the metropolis using 348 respondents. Anderson health behavioural model was utilised as theoretical framework. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data generated and level of significance at 0.05. Findings revealed that majority of respondents were aware of the services rendered on maternal health care, also majority of respondents (95.7%) attend ANC. However, only few ever used family planning or delivered at the health facility. The findings also showed that majority of the respondents were of the opinion that affordability of antenatal services, religious acceptance and husband’s acceptance of the services rendered as the major factors influencing its utilization. Other factors included availability of the services, accessibility, lack of knowledge about some of the existing services, cultural acceptance, attitude of health workers and language barrier. A significant association exist between knowledge/awareness of respondents under study and their utilization of ANC services, delivery services and women utilization of delivery services with p<0.05 but there is no significant association between awareness and utilization of FP services at p<0.05.
Keywords: maternal health, healthcare, services, Bauchi state, Nigeria
RENEWABLE ENERGY INTEGRATION, A CATALYST FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION AND LIVELIHOOD IMPROVEMENT IN SUB- SAHARAN AFRICA
AMEN ANANIAS
Department of Laboratory Science Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bali.
ABSTRACT
Africa is growing rapidly in population, towns are becoming cities, the quest for reliable energy supply is on the rise. This energy is needed for economic development, industrial production, enhancement of research-based work in tertiary institutions, light to areas where access to electricity is scarce and provision of jobs for the unemployed. High demand for affordable and a reliable source of energy to meet the present energy need in sub-Saharan Africa has proven that oil, coal and natural gas as are insufficient. Sufficient energy needs are required through renewable energy integration. The aim of this article is to qualitatively analyze the importance of renewable energy integration to the existing grid, serving as a catalyst for industrialization and livelihood improvement in sub-Saharan Africa. Secondary data from the International Energy Agency report indicating the energy profile of selected countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, showing the power generating source for each country representing each of the regions in sub-Saharan Africa. Democratic republic of Congo is the country with the lowest access to electricity (10%). Improving the energy sector plays an important role in ensuring access to electricity, increasing productive economic activities and increasing the country’s export potentials. Lack of access to electricity is one of the key barriers to the development of Sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, the region needs extensive efforts to develop the energy sector, both on the part of individual countries and the region as a whole.
CARCASS AND GUT CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKENS FED DIETARY LEVELS OF KAURA SORGHUM AS REPLACEMENT FOR MAIZE WITH FULL FAT SOYA BEAN
1SANI, A. 2DOMA, U. D. 3GARBA, A.; & 1OYENIRAN, J. O.
1Department of Animal Health and production,Fed.Poly Bauchi. 2Department of Animal production, Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology ATBU Bauchi 3Department of forestry Tech.Fed.Poly Bauchi.
ABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted study the carcass and guts characteristics of broiler chickens fed dietary levels of Kaura sorghum as replacement for maize. Kaura sorghum replaced maize at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % in diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Two hundred and forty broiler chicks were randomly allotted to five diets with four replicates in a completely randomized design. Forty birds were slaughtered for carcass yield and guts analysis. Results indicated significant (P<0.001) difference on most of the carcass and gut parameters. It was concluded that Kaura sorghum can completely replace maize in broiler chickens diets without any negative effect on carcass yield and organ characteristics.
Keywords: Carcass, guts, Kaura, broiler, chicken
SYNTHESES, CHARACTERIZATION AND DETERMINATION OF ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF SCHIFF BASE DERIVED FROM ETHYLENEDIAMMINE AND 2-HYDROXY-1-NAPHTHALDEHYDE AND ITS COMPLEXES WITH COBALT (II) AND NIKEL (II) METAL IONS
BULUS, CALEB LARAPS; DAUDA, ABUBAKAR YAKUBU; AND ELISHA, VICTOR ZUYA.
Department of Science Laboratory Technology (SLT), the Federal Polythecnic Bauchi.
ABSTRACT
The Schiff base 1- {(E) – [2- {(2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-yl) methylidene] amino} ethyl} naphthalene-2-ol was derived from ethylenediamine and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde and its complexes with nickel(II) and cobalt(II). The UV-Visible result showed molar absorptivity above 1000 Lmol-1cm-1 (π~π٭) in the complexes, the FT-IR result showed absorption about 1600 nm (N=C) in all. The ligand and the complexes were screen for anti-microbial activity and the cobalt (II) complex was found to inhibit growth in B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, S. sp and P. auruginosa in that order, with minimum inhibition concentration in B. subtilis at 20 µg/ml which is comparable to standard drugs while 500 µg/ml in the others which is too high. The nickel (II) and the Schiff base ligand only have growth inhibition against B. subtilis, E. coli, and S. sp with minimum inhibition concentration at 500 µg/ml which is too high compared to standard drug values.
PROPER NUTRITION AND SPORTS PERFORMANCE OF ATHLETES IN ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
ARIYO AYODELE OLUWAKAYODE (Ph.D)
Department of Physical and Health Education, School of Science, Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Nutrition plays an important role in sports performance and health status of athletes. Hence, the ensuing paper investigated proper nutrition and sport performance of athletes in Ondo state Nigeria. Three hundred (300) respondents were selected who took part in the study. A self-developed questionnaire of 4-points likert type rating scale with reliability coefficient of 0.84 was used to collect data from 300 athletes selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. The data for the study were collected using inferential statistic of frequency count and simple percentage to analyze the data collected on the demographic characteristics of the respondents while descriptive statistics of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was conducted to test the hypothesis formulated in the study at 0.05 alpha level of significance. Six hypotheses were formulated in which two of the hypothesis tested showed that there is no significant relationship between proper nutrition and sports performance of athletes. Recommendations were stated in the study and in conclusion, the study revealed that proper nutrition is pivotal to good health status of athletes and sports performance.
Keywords: nutrition, performance, balanced diet, nutritional intake, healthy diet
FUNCTIONAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF BISCUITS PRODUCED FROM WHEAT-FINGER MILLET FLOUR BLENDS
EJIM, M.N, OMACHI, B.A and EJIM, K.O.
ABSTRACT
Biscuits are rich sources of fat and carbohydrate and goosd sources of protein like lysine and tryptophan. The sensory properties of biscuits and functional properties of wheat-finger millet flour were investigated in this study. Wheat-finger millet flour were weighed and mixed in ratios of 95:5, 90:10, 85:15 and 80:20. All ingredients were mixed together with the blended flour, rolled, cut into circular shapes and then baked in the oven at 100°c for 30minutes to produce biscuits. The functional properties of the flour was determined using standard laboratory procedures while sensory evaluation of the biscuits was conducted. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 19. Results for functional properties showed that significant difference (P≤0.05) existed in the bulk density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling capacity and swelling index among all the samples. Sensory evaluation scores showed significant difference (P≤0.05) in taste, appearance and texture while general acceptability showed no significant differences (P≤0.05) among samples. Nutritious and organoleptically acceptable biscuits were successfully produced from all the wheat – finger millet flour blends but the study recommends mass production of sample B(95:5 Wheat-Finger millet flour blend) because it produced the best biscuit quality in terms of functional properties and sensory evaluation scores among all formulated blends.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RANDOM FOREST-NEURAL NETWORK CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUES FOR LUNG CANCER DISEASE DIAGNOSIS
AHMED, ABIODUN TAOFIK
School of Information and Communication Technology, Department of Computer Science, Kwara State College of Arabic and Islamic Legal Studies, Ilorin. PMB 1579
ABSTRACT
Cancer is term to be the most disastrous and threatening disease universally among different diseases. The statistics shows that around more than fifty million cases were diagnosed around 10.2 million demise occurred in 2020. The paper therefore, adopts two classification algorithms Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Random Forest (RF) for comparison on analysis of lung cancer microarray dataset. The experimental analysis was performed on weka Version 3.6.10 enviroment. It was observed that the multilayer perceptron (MLP) gives an accuracy of 68%, sensitivity of 69% and total time to build model of 992.64seconds while random forest (RF) gives an accuracy of 86%, sensitivity of 86% and total time to build model of 94seconds. The results obtained show that random forest (RF) outperforms multilayer Perceptron (MLP) classifier.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF SOME HERBAL PLANTS: A REVIEW
ODOJE, OLUWATOYIN FUNKE
Chemistry Department, Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, Oyo.
ABSTRACT
Medicinal plants of recent have found application in the treatment of various ailments and diseases. This is as a result of their effectiveness, affordability, availability, low toxicity and acceptability. Also the toxicity and adverse effects of conventional and allopathic medicines have also been important factors in the sudden increase n population demands and increase in the number of herbal drug manufactures as well as a reduction in the use of chemical drugs. As a result of these developments, this study is aimed at reviewing the medicinal properties of some herbal plants. Seven medicinal plants were selected for the purpose of this study and the health, nutritional and medicinal properties were reviewed. It was observed that these herbal plants to contain phytochemicals, antioxidants and mineral components that are of great benefit to human health.
Keywords: Medicinal, Herbal, Phytochemicals, Antioxidants, Pharmacological
EFFECT OF GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) EXTRACT ON CARIOGENIC ORGANISMS WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS
BRIDGET EBU., YUSUF HALIMA., IJEBOR FUNMILAYO DEBORAH., HARUNA HAMZA SALIHU AND SHEHU AMINA,
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
This study attempted to examine the anti-microbial properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome on cariogenic organisms with emphasis on Streptococcus mutants and Lactobacillus acidophilus, the known causative agents for dental caries (tooth decay). The ginger crude extract used for the study was obtained by both cold and hot extraction methods. The cold extraction was obtained by using distilled water in the rotary evaporating set at 40°C, while the hot extract was obtained by using petroleum spirit as the extracting solvent. The cold extract was found to exhibit antimicrobial effect on the test organism, in which the average zones of inhibition for Streptococcus mutants through cup-plate method and disk diffusion technique was found to be satisfactory. In like manner, the average zones of inhibition for the two methods on Lactobacillus acidophilus was observed. From the result, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the crude extract shows that at 3ml in each 103 microbial load, it had antibacterial effect, which was bacteriostatic. However, the results of the petroleum spirit extract did not show any effect on the test organism. This could be attributed to the fact that the extract was immiscible and hence not effective against the test organisms. Chemical analysis of the plant ginger Zingiber officinale showed that it contains carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, tannins, glycosides, saponins, and resins. Additionally, it contains two principal components-the aromatic and pungent components. Thu this study shows that the extract of crude ginger have antibacterial activities at the range of 3.0 x 103ug/ml to 5.0 x 103ug/ml.
Keyword: Anti-microbial, Zingiber officinale, cariogenic Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacili acidophilus.
STRATEGIES IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE: TOOLS IN ACHIEVING POSITIVE RESULT IN HEALTH CARE DELIVERY
AMADAOWE FORSMAN
Department of Primary Health Care Tutors, Kaduna Polytechnic, Faculty of College of Vocational and Technical Education
ABSTRACT
The Alma Ata declaration on Primary Health Care (PHC) which was made in 1978 is meant to address the main health problems in communities by providing promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative services. Nigeria was among the 138 signatories to this ‘invaluable’ idea. Subsequently several re-organization of the Nigeria Health structure to align with the new visitation was made. The implementation of PHC, primarily through services provided at the primary health centres, vary based on the type of PHC facility in Nigeria, several other PHC services with the health precinct include community mobilization services, services integration and selected PHC programmes under the auspices of international collaborators. This review therefore looks at the primary health care strategies as inevitable tools in achieving Healthcare service in Nigeria.
Keywords: Strategies, primary health care tools, positive result, care and delivery.
QUALITY EVALUATION OF SELECTED NIGERIAN STREET–HAWKED BEVERAGES (ZOBO DRINK, KUNUN ZAKI, KUNUN AYA AND TAMARIND JUICE) SOLD IN SABON GARI MARKET KANO STATE NIGERIA
MUSTAPHA YUSUF DAUDA1 VICTOR N. ENUJIUGHA2, AND AHMAD GAMBO3
1Department of Food Technology, Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda, Zamfara, Nigeria. 2Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. 3Department of Food Science and Technology, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to evaluate the physicochemical properties, microbial load, anti-oxidant properties and anti-nutritional content of locally produced beverages (Zobo drink, KununZaki, KununAya and Tamarind)sold within sabon Gari Market of Kano state Nigeria. The drinks were analysed for microbial (Total viable count, fungal and coliform counts), Physico-chemical (pH, totattitrable acidity, Brix and turbidity) anti-nutritional (Phtate, oxalate and tannin) and anti-oxidant(flavonoid and phenol.) Based on the pH results tamarind is high acid drink while Kununzaki, Kununaya and zobo are both low acid drinks. The titrable acidity of kununzaki and tamarin drink is high compared to that of Zobo and kununaya. The total plate count, fungal count and coliform count are both high which indicates possible recontamination or poor hygienic practices and or use of reused plastic bottles. The phytate content of zobo drinks was higher than that of Kununzaki and kununAya and local Tamarind drinks having the lowest value.The oxalate content of all the beverages is low which ranged from 0.49 – 0.95mg/ml. The tannin content of all the samples ranged from 0.22 – 1.07mg/ml. with Zobo having the highest value. The flavonoid and phenolic content was highest in zobo drink with a value of 0.44±0.00 mg/ml and 18.95±2.41 respectively.There was a significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) between the samples except the total phenol content of Kunun Zaki and Kunun Aya which shows no significant difference.
Keywords: Microbial quality, Physiochemical properties, anti-nutrients, local beverages anti-oxidant properties
CONTRIBUTION OF GAME MEAT IN REDUCING ANIMAL PROTEIN DEFICIENCY IN NIGERIA: A REVIEW
1SANI, A.; 1SANGA, M.J.; & 2ALMUSTAPH, A. J.
1Department of Animal Health and Production, Fed. Poly. Bauchi.2Ministry of Education Bauchi.
ABSTRACT
With escalating demand for animal protein and the high prices associated with such products, many people have become increasingly reliant on the harvest of local wildlife species as animal protein sources. Although humans have hunted wildlife for over 100,000 years, consumption has not increased considerably until recently. Game meat is a known delicacy in many parts of the world including Nigeria. It provides an important source of meat in both rural and urban household diets. It constitutes about 16-20% (North) and more than 80% (South) of total animal protein consumed in Nigeria and up to 90% for most rural West Africans humid regions. Indeed, many Nigerians cannot forget in a hurry its delicious aroma and taste in their native soups. It is usually obtained from free-range animals that grow in the wild. As they grow in natural environments, meat from game animals are usually rich in vitamins and minerals and free from growth hormones, which is the norm in domestic meat and poultry products. They are also low in calories when compared to beef and chicken. Game meat is high in eicosapentaenoic acid, an essential Omega-3 fatty acid that has several cardiovascular benefits. Carcasses of domesticated animals have 25 to 36% fat while the average for wild game animals is 4.3%. Fat from wild game contains a much higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (good fat) and is low in saturated fat (bad fat). Some game meats are higher in dietary cholesterol than domestic meats, but the combination of more lean body tissues, less saturated fat and significantly higher percentage of cholesterol-reducing polyunsaturated fatty acids makes it a heart-healthy choice. Due to their wild nature, wild animals’ meat is truly a natural product free from any residual chemicals. However, as nutritious and tasty as it may be, they can be a likely source of infectious diseases including the deadly Ebola viral disease.
Keywords: Game meat, Bush meat, Wild life, Ebola
A STUDY OF THE NON-MEDICAL USE OF PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS AMONG TERTIARY INSTITUTION STUDENTS IN SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA
SAMUEL O, ADEYEMO1,4, GBENGA M, OYINLOYE2, THEODORE MBATA(PhD)3
1Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. 2Department of Food Technology, Federal polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. 3Department of Biology/MicroBiology, Federal polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The prevalence of non-medical use of pharmaceutical drugs among students of tertiary institutions in Nigeria has generated an outcry by the populace and has become a public health concern. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of non-medical use of pharmaceutical drugs among tertiary institutions students in Imo and Enugu states, Nigeria; describe the pattern of non-medical use of pharmaceutical drugs among the tertiary schools student population in the study areas, as well as examine the social-demographic factors that associate with drug use among the tertiary schools student population in the study areas. Cross-sectional study design and multi-stage sampling method were utilized among 309 study participants who gave informed consent/assent. Data were collected using facilitated, self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out at p<0.05. The mean age of our respondents was 25.29±6.07SD. The most used drug was codeine with 26.9% of the sample reporting lifetime use, while 18.8% and 13.6% reported codeine use in the past year and past month respectively. It was also shown that of the respondents who started using drugs, 6.1% are because they like the feeling. The study shows statistical differences according to sex, regardless of the age and living situation of the students.
Keywords: Non-Medical use of Pharmaceutical drugs, Tertiary Institution Students, Prevalence.
VECTORIAL CAPACITY OF COCKROACHES IN TRANSMITTING PARASITES OF MEDICAL IMPORTANCE IN HOSTELS OF WAZIRI UMARU FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, BIRNIN KEBBI, KEBBI STATE, NIGERIA
1ATTAH, O. A., 2*IJAIYA, S. I., 1KASHARI, O. AND 1SUNDAY N.
1Department of Science Technology, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria. 2Department of Science Education, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to determine the capacity of cockroaches as vector of parasites of medical importance in hostels of Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic. 100 cockroaches identified as Periplaneta Americana were collected from different locations of the hostels using sweep net. These were examined for the presence of human parasites using standard parasitological techniques. The result revealed six parasites of medical importnance including Entamoeba histolytica (41.0%), Ascaris lumbricoides (29.0%), Entorobius vermicularis (16.50%), Schistosoma mansoni (8.50%), S. haematobium (2.61%) and Trichuris trichura (2.39%). There was significant difference (p<0.05) in the isolates between the stages of development of the cockroaches with more adult cockroaches (89.6%) harbouring parasites than the nymphs (34.8%). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) observed between the sexes. Cockroaches remain an important reservoir for infectious pathogens. Therefore control measures administered in the various hostels and the surrounding, and targeting especially the adult stages of the vectors will help to reduce the menace of the spread of parasitic pathogens in the study area.
Keywords: Cockroaches, Vectors, Parasites, Medical, Hostels
THE EFFECT OF MOBILE PHONE RADIATION ON HUMAN HEALTH
CHINELO GLORIA IKE
Department of Science Laboratory Technology (Microbiology Option), School of Applied Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Oko
ABSTRACT
A boon for better communication, cell phone usage nonetheless has many health hazards. Various studies indicate that the emissions from a cell phone can be extremely harmful, causing genetic damage, tumors, memory loss, increased blood pressure and weakening of immune systems. The fact that this radiation is invisible intangible and enters and leaves our bodies without our knowledge makes it even more intimidating. Mobile telephone radiation has had an effect on living tissue is heating. The rise in temperature on the surface of the brain caused by radiation waves is 0.3 degrees at the most. This kind of temperature rise is not known to have biological signification. The temperature of the brain normally fluctuates by about one degree, and only after a five degree increase in temperature do cell become damaged. Increase risk of brain tumor in people who have used a mobile phone for a long time (more than ten years). These studies however involve uncertainties. One source of error is a memory illusion related to the fact that mobile phone use and cell durations that took place many years are ago are difficult to recall exactly. According to the sperm count test, the test of group of man came to result of an alarming of 25 percent decrease in sperm count, due to the use of cell phones. According to the test cellphone radiation damage the sperm cells of men, causing them to lose the changes of reproducing. And also cell phone radiation effect pregnant woman may have chance that the fetus of pregnant woman may have mental health damages due to cell phone radiation.
Keywords: Genetic damage, Tumors, Memory loos, Blood pressure, Immune systems
PILOT TEST STUDY ON EFFECT OF MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ON BODY WEIGHT AND REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OF MICE
1LAWAN BELLO; & 2MUSA IBRAHIM KATUZU
1Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Damaturu. 2Department of Basic Science, Federal Polytechnic Damaturu.
ABSTRACT
A pilot test study on the effect of ingesting monosodium glutamate on reproductive capacity of mice was carried out by increasing body weight assessment and physical observation to determined gravidity. The results revealed that Cage A, showed initial weight of mice at week 1, to be (31.2g and 19.5g) for two male mice respectively, while female mice had (19.7g and 20.8g) body weight respectively. The second week showed gradual increasing weight up to week four from (314g and 19.9g for male mice and 19.7g and 21.3g) for female mice to 31.7g and 20.4g for male mice while 33.8g and 35.6g for female mice. The control mice in cage B, showed only slight increase in body weight of female mice from15.6g and10.7g at week 1, to 17.7g and 20.2g in the week four (4) respectively. However, the control male mice showed slight decrease in body weight from 22.6g and 27.7g in the week 1, to 22.5g and 20.2g at the week four (4). After the 21 days of experimental observation, the female (Test) mice in cage A, were observed to be gravid, thus had conceived earlier than the control mice. It is hereby recommended that further studies on the effect of MSG on reproductive capacity of Mice should be carried out to ascertain the above findings.
Keyword: Monosodium glutamate. (MSG), Reproductive capacity. Body weight.