29th Academic Conference on the African Potentials for Sustainable Development in the 21st Century: Multi-Disciplinary Approach (BUK, 2023)

THEME: UNLOCKING SUB-SAHARA AFRICAN POTENTIALS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN 21^ST CENTURY: MULTI-DISCIPLINARY APPROACH

DATE: DECEMBER, 29^TH 2023

VENUE: BAYERO UNIVERSITY, KANO, KANO STATE, NIGERIA

ORGANIZER: SUB-SAHARA AFRICAN SCHOLAR ACADEMIC RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS

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CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS:

EFFECTS OF A NOVEL PRETREATMENT ON LIGNOCELLULOSES AND BIOGAS PRODUCTION

MOHAMMED ABUBAKAR CLARKSON, BASHIR ALIYU & BOBBOI UMAR

Department of Agricultural & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Modibbo Adama University Yola, P.M.B. 2076 Yola, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

This work appraised the effect of a novel pretreatment substance from waste (PSW) on lignocellulosic complex structure, composition and eventual influence on digester performance. This was achieved by analysing milled maize cob before and after subjecting them to pretreatment with three different concentrations of PSW. Some chemical properties of biomass were determined using standard methods and biogas production was measured using positive displacement method. Findings suggest that application of 3.5 g PSW exhibited highest polymer degradation and this have translated into highest biogas (447.5 ml) output than the 2.5 g PSW at 95% confidence level. Pretreatment has been followed by delayed lag phase indicating a struggle by the digestive organisms to acclimatise the changes in the digester with P2 digester organisms exhibiting encystment and thus no gas was produced. It was also found that lowering the contents of the pretreated biomass in the digester significantly improved digester performances. It was concluded that pretreatment of maize cob with 3.5 g PSW for application as co-substrates alongside cow dung and food waste is appropriate.

Keywords: effects, pretreatment, lignocelluloses, biogas, blend.

ANALYTICAL COMPARISON OF SQUARE CIRCLE PACKING AND TRIANGULAR CIRCLE PACKING BASED ALGORITHMS FOR MAXIMUM COVERAGE AREA DENSITY OF MULTIPLE DEPLOYED UAV-ABS

SURAJU ADEBAYO FADARE ¹, NATHANIEL SALAWU ¹, HENRY OHIZE ²

¹Department of Telecommunication Engineering, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria. ²Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Circle packing theory (CPT) proffers square circle packing (SCP) and triangular circle packing (TCP) as two basic tools for closed-form packing or placement optimizations of 2D circular geometrical objects. Placement optimization of multiple deployed unmanned aerial vehicles with mounted aerial base stations (UAV-ABS) had been classified as a circle placement problem that CPT as a tool could resolve. However, the optimization constraints utilized by most researchers are more favourable to SCP than TCP. Furthermore, the non-linear constraints need to be simplified to linear forms. A proper analysis of the basic geometry of both SCP and TCP was used to derive linear mathematical models for both. The mathematical models were used to develop SCP-based and TCP-based algorithms for the placement of multiple deployed UAV-ABS in target rectangular border regions and a given optimal wireless network (WN) coverage radius. The algorithms equate the 2D position of the UAV-ABS on the horizontal plane as the centroid of the circle for the respective circular WN coverage regions.  Both algorithms were implemented using MATLAB^® 2023a and simulated using a rectangular border region of 3 km by 3 km and coverage radii ranging from 50 m to 1000 m at an interval of 10 m. Coverage area density (CAD) was used as the performance metric. The TCP-based algorithm was observed to perform better with an average of 13.97% higher CAD. Its minimum obtainable CAD was 44.57% but SCP-based alogorithm recorded 19.90%.

EVALUATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING CONTRACTOR HEALTH AND SAFETY PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN ABUJA.

ABDULLAHI, YAKUBU SHUAIBU; MAKINDE, JOSEPH KOLAWOLE

Department of Project Management Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna.

ABSTRACT

The occurrence of incidents or accidents at construction sites have caused numerous drawbacks of project performance, such as increase in project cost, delay in completion of project, and reduce productivity and creating negative impressions about the business.The study determined the factors influencing health and safety performance and evaluated contractors health and safety management practices on construction projects. A well-structured questionnaire was employed using purposive sampling in the selection of contractors who managed and supervised ongoing and completed building projects in Abuja. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and mean score). Result revealed that implementation of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), implementation of safe working environment and system of work and inefficient safety training and enforcement systems with mean score of 4.36, 4.35 and 4.31 respectively, are the factors influencing health and safety performance on construction projects. Result on the health and safety management practiced mostly performed by contractors on construction projects were Personal Protective Equipment, safety communication, emergency response plan and first aid and welfare facilities with an average percentage of 94.23, 88.46 and 86.54 respectively. It was concluded that for an improvement in safety performance adequate attention should be given to the identified factors. It is anticipated that stakeholder’s awareness of the important factors and elements affecting safety will be enlighten and will result to dynamic efforts to reduce accidents on site.

Keywords: Construction, Contractor, Health and Safety management, Safety Performance and Safety practices.

BARRIERS TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF VERTICAL GREEN SYSTEMS IN NIGERIA.

OLUWOYO O.C.¹ AND CHARLES M.²

Department of Architecture, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

The globe has been concerned with ways to address the problem of global warming and other associated environmental effects through sustainable practice of which Vertical Green System (VGS) is an important part. Nonetheless, it appears that this approach is not being used very much in Nigeria. The study looks at the barriers to VGS adoption in Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were administered both physically and online with sections for both professionals and non-professionals. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to evaluate the data collected. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 22 was used to conduct further analysis on the data. The results indicated that most people are not aware of the use of VGS. Findings showed that people are willing to raise awareness primarily through social media, and that the biggest obstacles to the adoption of VGS in Nigeria are lack of awareness and maintenance costs. These findings led to the conclusion that raising awareness will accelerate the implementation of VGS. It is advised that clients be informed of the benefits of VGS also practitioners and government agencies should work together to incorporate VGS into building codes and regulations.

Keywords: barrier, sustainability, vertical green system

APPLICATION OF SUSTAINABLE DESIGN ELEMENTS IN THE DESIGN OF A MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING ESTATE IN ABUJA.

GWATANA, E. G.; AND DR. EZE, C.J

Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

In recent years, the use of sustainable design elements in residential neighbourhoods has drawn a lot of attention in response to the urgent need for ecologically friendly and resource-conserving communities. Lack of regard for the environmental effects of the built environment is one of the main issues currently faced by humans. Buildings account for the majority of the world’s energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, unsustainable building materials, construction methods, and infrastructure these all contribute to rising energy costs, operating expenses, and carbon footprints. The aim of this study is to integrate sustainable elements in the design of a multi-family housing estate in Abuja, Nigeria. The research was done through quantitative evaluations and the use of case studies and questionnaires. Three hundred and eighty (380) questionnaires were administered and two hundred and fifty (250) questionnaires were returned and analysed. The study revealed that the respondent agreed that the use of energy-efficient lighting fittings and appliances in public housing and that the use of renewable energy such as solar panels could meet the energy needs of the public housing (MIS = 4.53 and 4.49, respectively) were the most significant passive design strategies. The findings revealed that the most significant effect of non-green architectural components that negatively influence the overall comfort of occupants of public housing was ranked first, with a mean score of 4.08 and a corresponding level of significance of 0.00, making it a statistically significant effect of non-green architectural components in public housing. In conclusion, the adoption of sustainable design practices in construction helps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, thereby creating a healthy living environment. It is recommended that energy-efficient features like landscaping, building orientation, sustainable material specification, sun shading devices, and cross ventilation be incorporated into the design of buildings, especially residential buildings, to reduce running costs, lower energy requirements, and lessen the negative environmental effects that energy has.

Keywords: Design, Elements, Housing Estate, Multi-Family, Sustainable Design

APPLICATION OF ANTI-SMOG ELEMENTS IN THE DESIGN OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS IN IDU, ABUJA.

THOMAS, N. Z. AND AYUBA, P

Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Abuja Industrial Layout stands as one of the fastest growing parts of Abuja playing host to a diverse variety of companies and housing estates yet there exists a lack of understanding by residents has made these areas prone to the highest cases of respiratory diseases due to atmospheric pollution of H2S, CO and CO2.  This study aimed to investigate the effect of the application of anti-smog elements with the view of incorporating passive design strategies in an industrial innovation hub, in the study area. The study was objectified to identify industrial buildings within the selected study area; identify building materials with anti-smog-eating properties; investigate the anti-smog materials incorporated with their degree of application in buildings within the research area for the user’s air purification; investigate the impact of air purification achieved due to the presence of the existing anti-smog building components and develop passive antismog strategies in the design of industrial buildings. The study retrieved qualitative data for this study via nonprobability sampling of 20 industrial hubs within Idu Abuja Nigeria. Findings revealed that there is no absolute anti-smog type that cuts across all companies because the extent of smog eating elements to be incorporated in the building finishes will be based on the degree of smog generated by the production processes of each company. As such it could be concluded that industrial buildings need to introduce elements and design approaches to a good degree that meets a minimum of 60% anti-smog compliance. Recommendations such as air quality measurements should be conducted on a quarterly bases to proffer adequate smog eating materials to address the impurities and particulate matter and industries having a minimum of 30% open green area with regards to the size of the property layout should be considered.

Keywords: Smog, Industrial Hubs, Air Purification, Anti-Smog, Sustainable Buildings

EFFECT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION ON BUILT ENVIRONMENT STUDENTS IN NIGER STATE TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS

OGUGUO, C. U., OYEWOBI, L. O. & SHITTU, A. A.

Department of Quantity Surveying, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

A common strategy employed to address the issue of unemployment amongst graduates is promoting entrepreneurial awareness and exposing students to the option of self-employment. Despite its popularity, the overall impact of entrepreneurship education remains a topic of ongoing debate. This study is aimed at assessing the effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial development and the intentions of built environment students in Niger State tertiary institutions. A quantitative research approach was thus employed with the use of a questionnaire for collecting data from students of the School of Environmental Technology at the Federal University of Technology Minna and the School of Environmental Studies at the Federal Polytechnic Bida, with a focus on seven selected Departments (Architecture, Building, Estate Management and Valuation, Surveying and Geoinformatics, Quantity Surveying, and Urban and Regional Planning). For this study, a sample size of 364 was used to obtain data for finding answers to the questions posed by the research. The analysis of the data was carried out with the use of a frequency count, percentage, mean item score and T-test. Findings from the study revealed that the most significant barriers are inadequate provision for practical work, with a mean score of 4.55 and a standard deviation less than one indicating the existence of agreement between responses. The findings revealed that family support was ranked as the first, with a mean score of 4.75 and a corresponding level of significance of 0.00, making it a statistically significant driver of entrepreneurial learning amongst built environment students. The findings reveal that the majority (40.0%) have a fair attitude towards entrepreneurship before receiving entrepreneurship education. It was revealed that the majority (48.3%) were of the view that their attitude towards entrepreneurship changed after receiving entrepreneurship education. The findings also reveal that the majority (75.0%) did not possess entrepreneurial skills before receiving entrepreneurship education, while only 25.0% of the respondents possessed entrepreneurial skills before receiving entrepreneurship education. It can therefore be concluded that there is a strong correlation between entrepreneurship education and the built environment, which influences students’ attitudes towards entrepreneurship, and that there is a moderate correlation between entrepreneurship education and the built environment’s’ skills for entrepreneurship. It was recommended that the engagement of students with entrepreneurial development initiatives provided by institutions involve students across all levels.

Keyword: Built Environment, Entrepreneurship Education, Students, Tertiary Institutions

BARRIERS TO IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABLE DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGS IN NIGERIA.

RIMAMTANUNG, W. Y.¹ AND CHARLES M.²

Department of Architecture, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

The global imperative to address climate change has intensified the focus on sustainable practices, particularly within the built environment. As architects strive to integrate energy-efficient strategies into their projects, a myriad of barriers emerge, hindering the seamless adoption of such measures. This paper investigates and analyses the challenges that impede the effective implementation of design strategies for energy efficiency in various architectural contexts. Drawing from an extensive literature review, this research identifies key barriers, encompassing technological, economic, regulatory, and socio-cultural dimensions. The study employs structured questionnaires administered to industry professionals, architects to discern prevalent obstacles and their relative significance. The results revealed that technological barriers, technical barriers and financial barriers are the three most prominent barriers to implementing design strategies in Nigeria. Majority of the respondents agree that there are drawbacks to implementing sustainable strategies for energy efficiency in Nigeria. In response to these challenges, the paper proposes a comprehensive framework for overcoming barriers, emphasizing collaborative efforts among designers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders. The innovative solutions presented include the development of supportive policies, financial incentives, and targeted educational programs to create an enabling environment for widespread adoption.

Keywords: Barriers, energy efficiency, sustainable strategies, architects

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOR CHANGE (SBC) IN ERADICATING AND PREVENTING TUBERCULOSIS IN CROSS RIVER STATE. NGERIA.

ENDA TITUS EYOS

Department of Health Education, Imo state University Owerri.

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health concern in many developing countries, including Nigeria. Cross River State, situated in the southeastern part of Nigeria, faces unique challenges in the eradication and prevention of TB. This research paper explores the impact of Social and Behavior Change Communication (SBCC) strategies in addressing TB in Cross River State. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of SBCC interventions in increasing awareness, promoting early detection, and improving treatment adherence among the population. Social and behavior change (SBC) communication strategies and interventions have been used to successfully promote positive health behaviors and health outcomes. In this research, we outline a high-level generalized duty for the development, deployment, and evaluation of SBC communication strategies in high TB burden settings and how it could be employed to address TB treatment delays. Improved design and delivery of SBC interventions can assist countries in meeting the Sustainable Development and Global End TB goals of reduced TB incidence, increased TB cure rates, reduced TB deaths, prevention of catastrophic out-of-pocket costs for TB care, and integration of health systems for patient-centered care.

Keyword: Tuberculosis, Public Health, Awareness, Community engagement, Community leaders.

ROLE OF ECONOMIC COMMUNITY OF WEST AFRICAN STATES (ECOWAS) AND AND CHALLENGES OF CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN MALI, 2012-2012.

ONYEDIBE ONYINYE JACINTA; LUKA RUTH CALEB; & BELLO MUHAMMED BABAN’UMMA Ph.D

Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi

ABSTRACT

Since its formation in 1975, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has been concerned in ensuring political stability in the West African sub region. However, there are challenges which often impede its successful intervention and ability to maintain stability in the West African sub-region, as against the goal for economic integration which it was established on. This study interrogates the role of ECOWAS and its impact on the management of the political crises that engulfed Mali from 2012 – 2021. The study made use of the primary and secondary data which involved semi-structured interview and document analysis. The theory of Neo-Functionalism was utilized as its framework. It was found that ECOWAS played major role to ensure the Malian conflict was resolved as soon as possible. These included: An outright condemnation of the military coup, non-recognition of the government headed by the military junta, consultations with African Union member states on how best to resolve the conflict after joining them to reject the declaration of Mali’s Northern region as the state of Azawad by the rebels, imposition of sanctions, mobilization of supports for the return of democratic governance, cash and material donations as well as the deployment of troops for peacekeeping. However, it argues that ECOWAS intervention in Mali was reactionary and undermine decades of state failure and weak political institutions in Mali, and as such has not been totally successful in quelling the Malian conflicts. The study recommended that for ECOWAS to be seen as responsive, it needs to move from the rhetoric of “swift” sanctions to the actual encouragement and nudging of its ruling elites to respect the rule of law, protect human rights, provide avenues for economic growth in their respective countries, actively nip corruption in the bud, and observe democratic principles, such as the imposition of term limits on serving presidents.

Keywords: Role, ECOWAS, Challenges, Conflict, Management and Mali.

LINEAR ANTENNA ARRAY DESIGN FOR 5G AND BEYOND LEVERAGING GENETIC ALGORITHMS: A REVIEW

AGABA MURPHY ADAKOLE; ABUBAKAR SADIQ MOHAMMED; & SULEIMAN ZUBAIR

Telecommunications Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Antenna plays a pivotal role in telecommunications or any communication system; to this end, researchers are constantly improving on their antenna design models to capture the peculiarities of emerging technologies such as 5G, 6G and beyond. This paper presents a thorough review of linear antenna designs proposed by other researchers capturing fundamental antenna array concepts such as   antenna array principles of operation, classification of antenna arrays, achieving low side lobe level, comparison between 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G and 6G. Nature-inspired optimization technique known as genetic algorithm was introduced in the work to leverage its multi-objective problem solving approach to solve tradeoff issues in designing linear antenna arrays for 5G and other emerging wireless technologies. Furthermore, a tabulation of the strengths and weakness of various techniques and algorithms used by different authors to achieve reduced side lobe level and high gain was done.

Keywords: Linear Antenna array, 5G, genetic algorithm, side lobe level, emerging technologies

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT IN THE PROVISION OF STUDENTS’ HOSTELS IN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY MINNA AND FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC BIDA, NIGERIA.

ETSU MOHAMMED MANKO & PROF. M. T. A. AJAYI

Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

Abstract

Many students pursuing higher education notably in public universities, are facing intense and dire accommodation crisis, as available facilities in most of the public universities fall far short of the demand from students. The aim of the study is to assess Private Sector Involvement in the Provision of Students’ Hostels in Federal University of Technology Minna and Federal Polytechnic Bida, Nigeria. The methodology utilized for this study is questionnaire administration. The researcher adopted a survey tool for the study. A sum of 360 questionnaires were distributed in the study areas, Two Hundred and Fifty (250) questionnaires for Federal Polytechnic Bida and One Hundred and Ten (110) questionnaires for Federal University of Technology Minna. Two Hundred and Ten (210) were retrieved from the Federal Polytechnic Bida while Ninety-Five (95) from Federal University of Technology Minna. Data were analyzed using statistical techniques such as the percentage, frequency tables and weighted mean. The findings reveal that scarcity of long-term funds, infrastructural inadequacy and high cost of materials are one of the prominent challenges faced by investors in the provision of student housing. It is recommended that Promote collaboration between private developers, local communities, and educational institutions to ensure that student housing projects align with community needs as well as encourage private developers to invest in basic infrastructure within student housing projects.

Keywords: Comparative Assessment, Private Sector, Provision of Housing, Students’ Hostels.

EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING AND ITS IMPACT ON PRODUCTIVITY: A STUDY OF IMO STATE MINISTRIES OF EDUCATION AND AGRICULTURE OWERRI, IMO STATE, NIGERIA

*UMOH, CHIAKA ONYEMECHI; & **ACHO ELENDU

*Department of Public Administration, Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. **Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

This study examined employee participation in decision making and its impact on productivity using Imo State Ministries of Education and Agriculture Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria as the study unit. The study was carried out to determine the extent of workers involvement in decision making and how that affects their effectiveness and organizational performance. In line with the above, four research objectives, four research questions and four research hypotheses guided the study. Survey research design was used and questionnaire served as the instrument of data collection. The 200 staff of Imo State Ministries of Education and Agriculture made up the population. From the population, the researcher sampled 133 staff. But out of 133 staff sampled, only 120 questionnaires was properly filled, returned and used. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentage and Pearson product moment correlation coefficient. It was discovered that there is significant relationship between employee involvement in decision making and industrial peace/harmony; there is significant relationship between employee involvement in decision making and innovation; there is significant relationship between employee involvement in decision making and organizational revenue/ profitability; and there is significant relationship between employee involvement in decision making and talent retention. The study concludes that high productivity of Nigerian organizations is dependent on how employees are involved in organizational decision making. It recommended that organizations should incorporate in their policies effective participative management mechanism to aid decision making. Also, organizational workers at all levels should be involved in decision making so as to contribute their quota for organizational growth and development.

Key Words: Employee Participation, Decision Making, Productivity, Employee Involvement, Industrial Peace/Harmony, Innovation, Organizational Revenue/Profitability and Talent Retention.

AN ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING TEACHERS’ EFFECTIVENESS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KANO STATE: IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHER EDUCATION CURRICULUM REVIEW

*HUSSAINI, HADIZA; & **MUHAMMAD, YUNUSA UBA

*Department of Arts and Social Science Education, Gombe State University, Gombe. **Department of Education, Bayero University, Kano

Abstract

The study investigated factors affecting teachers’ effectiveness in secondary schools in Kano State for teacher education curriculum review in Nigeria. Three research questions were raised to guide the study. A survey research design was adopted for this study with a population of three hundred and seventy-eight (378) public secondary school teachers randomly selected across 23 Zonal Education Directorate of Kano State. A structured questionnaire titled “Factors Affecting Teachers’ Effectiveness in Secondary Schools Questionnaire (FATESSQ)” was used for data collection in the study. The reliability of the instrument was determined through the Cronbach’s alpha method and the value obtained was 0.79. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics in forms of frequency counts, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The result of the study showed that the level of teachers’ effectiveness in secondary schools in Kano State is on a low level which is affecting students’ performance. It was also found that unconducive learning and teaching environment, lack of motivation, poor condition of service for teachers, lack of pedagogical skills, inadequate mastery of subject matter, inadequate instructional facilities, late salary payment and delayed promotions, personal stress and workload, lack of interest for the teaching job, irregular evaluation of notes and lesson plan by school management are some of the factors that affect teachers’ effectiveness in secondary schools in Kano State. Providing enabling environment for teaching and learning, improved condition of service for teachers, increase teachers’ mastery of the subject matter, provision of adequate instructional facilities in schools, prompt payment of teachers’ salaries and other entitlements, review of teacher education curriculum among others were recommended as strategies that could be used to improve teachers’ effectiveness in Nigeria.

Key Words: Teacher Effectiveness, Teacher Education, Curriculum Review, Secondary Schools

THE BANE OF PENSION CONTRIBUTIONS’ REMITTANCES AND ITS IMPLICATION ON STAFF RETIREMENT IN THE FCT AREA COUNCILS, ABUJA.

SARKA, SOLOMON WOGAN, PhD

Department of Public Administration, National Open University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Pension’s schemes management in Nigeria over the years has been muddled by multiple problems arising from which retirement became dreaded by workers. This study analyzes the incidences, causes, effects and the implications of non/irregular remittances of pension contributions in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Area Councils, Abuja. The study adapts descriptive research design method and obtained data from primary and secondary sources. The primary data collected was analyzed descriptively with the aid of Ms Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21, and the results presented in frequency percentage tables with explanations. The Incidences of Non-Remittance of Pension Contributions shows that the Unremitted Contributions of FCT Area Councils is counting Billions of Naira. Among the major causes of non-remittance of pension contributions identified in the study is double Personal Identification Numbers (PINs), 96.6%, Wrong or Incorrect PINs (93.1%), Delay in submission of pension deductions for schedule’s preparation (79.3%), lack of political will, paucity of funds, and weak enforcement among others. The effects of non-remittance of Pension are: Psychological trauma/hypertension by staff at retirement (96.6%), Dampen staff morale and performance (93.1%), Shortage in investment outputs of the RSAs (75.9%). The Implication of the findings shows Low RSAs (89.7%), Increase in poverty of staff at retirement (93.1%), early and untimely death of Retirees (93.1%), Low productivity (79.3%) and Low retirement benefits (89.7%). To boost public confidence in the Contributory Pension Scheme, the National Pension Commission (PenCom) should consider strict measures to ensure full compliance with the PRA, 2014; PenCom and Pension Fund Managers to compel Employers to remit pensions’ arrears in principal and interest penalty; Set up Pension audit system to ensure compliance processes by the employers, and building robust clients’ records regularly through Data recapturing exercise by the Pension Fund Managers to avert crises of wrong and double PINs.

Keywords: Pension Scheme, Pension Contributions, Remittances, Implication, Staff Retirement, FCT Area Councils, Abuja.

CASHLESS ECONOMY: THE IMPACT OF DEMONETIZATION ON SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN BIDA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NIGER STATE

SHETTIMA ABDUL-MATINU; ALFA MOHAMMED DANLAMI; AND BELLO JUNAIDU AHMED

School of Basic and General Studies Department of Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B 55, Bida, Niger State

Abstract

Demonetization is a financial environment that minimizes the use of physical cash by providing alternative channels for making payment. The objectives of this study include; to identify the challenges those have hindered the adoption of demonetization policy by small and medium scale enterprises, to investigate if demonetization in any way enhanced a growth on small and medium scale business enterprises and finally to identify the challenges those that have hindered the adoption of demonetization policy on small and medium scale enterprises all in Bida Local government Area of Niger State. The survey was carried out through the administration of questionnaire on owners and operators of small and medium scale enterprises in the study area. Due to the introduction of e-payment by Niger State, small and medium scale enterprises have started utilizing electronic based payment in their day to-day payments and business activities through Point of Sale Terminals (POS), GSM, Mobile Banking, and Automated Teller Machine (ATM). This signifies that an efficient and modern payment system positively correlated with economic development and it is a key enable of the economic growth.

Keywords: Demonetisation, Small and Medium Enterprises, Digital habits, Electronic Transaction, Demonetization Economy

THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN NIGERIA

1. OKOLOGUME, HENRY CHUKWUDI; & DR. MUSA, ABDULAI ALIAKHUE

Department of Banking and Finance, School of Financial Studies, Federal Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria

Abstract 

The aim of this study was to empirically evaluate the effect of corporate social responsibility on financial performance of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship between corporate social responsibility, firm size, firm profitability and Financial Performance of manufacturing firms in Nigeria.  Samples of five (5) manufacturing firms quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange were conveniently selected for a period of six (6) years (2015 – 2020). The Panel Least Square (PLS) regression technique was employed in estimating the data and testing the formulated hypotheses. Based on the analysis, we found that there is a positive and insignificant relationship between corporate social responsibility, firm size and financial performance of manufacturing firms in Nigeria; while the variable of profitability exhibited a positive and significant relationship between it and financial performance of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. In line with the findings, the researcher recommended that government as well as regulatory authorities of corporate organizations should make the issue of corporate social responsibility mandatory/compulsory for the entire listed companies in Nigeria in general and the oil and gas firms in particular. This will compel the manufacturing firms to give back to the society in which they operate and polluted by the activities of their operations.

Keywords: Corporate social responsibility, firm size, financial performance, firm profitability

IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA NETWORK ON ENGINEERING STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE (A CASE OF ENGINEERING STUDENTS, DELTA STATE POLYTECHNIC OTEFE, NIGERIA)

¹USIADE, REX EHIEDUM; ¹EDOGBAJI, COMFORT UWHUBETINE; ²AGBAKOKO, OKEMUTIE; & ³OSSAI-UGBAH, BLESSING NGOZI

¹Department of Computer Engineering, Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe-Oghara, Nigeria. ²Department of Electrical Electronic Engineering, Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe-Oghara, Nigeria. ³Department of Information and Library Science, University of Benin, Benin-City, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the research is to determine the impact of social media network on the Polytechnic engineering students’ academic performance using a case study of engineering students at the Delta State Polytechnic Otefe, Nigeria. To achieve this, the survey research method was used. Subjects were drawn from the Delta State Polytechnic Otefe, Nigeria, using the simple random, sampling technique and purposive sampling with the sample size of 60 students. Four research questions guided the study. Findings also indicated that engineering students at Delta State Polytechnic Otefe, Nigeria are influenced to a great extent by the social media network negatively because their attention are focused on chatting and music while their academic activities are neglected and left to suffer. To this end, the researcher recommended that academic interaction sites should be created for educational purposes as well. This is to create a balance between social networking and academic activities to enable these students avoid setbacks in their general academic performance.

Key Words: Social Media, Engineering Students, Academic Performance, Polytechnic

THE HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC EFFECTS IN NIGERIA: A STUDY ON SUBSIDY REMOVAL

YUSUF ISMAIL IMAM; ABDULKARIM USMAN; ADAMU YAKUBU; & HAUWA’U KABIR UMAR.

General Studies Department, School of General Studies, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Nigeria.

Abstract

This paper is on the historical and analysis the effects of economic policies in Nigeria and Nigerians. The paper analyzes the economic crisis resulting from the June 2023 subsidy removal in Nigeria. The paper examines issues and major challenges on the Nigerian economy vis-a-vis the subsidy removal as well as the value of the Nigerian currency and boosting Nigeria’s economic development. The performance of the Nigerian economy has been worrisome, especially as it regards the increasingly falling standard of living of Nigerians. The qualitative and secondary sources of data from books, journal articles, public documents and newspapers are used for data collection and analysis. The paper briefly traces the origins of the Nigerian economic crisis in relation to subsidy removal by the Nigerian government. The paper makes some recommendations on issues and crisis bedeviling the economy and in relation to the subsidy removal in Nigeria.

Keywords: Development, economic crisis, subsidy removal, Nigeria.

SPIRITUAL VALUES OF THE SELECTED POEMS IN THE ANTHOLOGY OF IFADAT ATTALIBIN BY MUHAMMAD BELLO

القيم الأخلاقية في بعض قصائد “إفادة الطالبين” لـمـحمد بلُّو.

مـحمد محـمد سعد

MUHAMMAD MUHAMMAD SA’AD

كلية أحمد رفاعي للقانون والتربية، والدراسات العلوم ميسو- ولاية بوتشي

الـملخص:

إن هذه الورقة عبارة عن عرض بعض قصائد “إفادة الطالبين” لمحمد بلّو، دراسة أدبية. حيث يرمي البحث إلى ما فيه من القيم الأخلاقية في الديوان من خلال ثلاث قصائد نموذجية، ومن ثم ركّزت الدراسة على ظواهر القيم الأخلاقية في القصائد المختارة بناء على القيم المعنوية، والحسية، فأبرزت الدراسة الخصائص الفنية في الديوان، من حيث الفكرة، والأسلوب، والعاطفة، والتصوير، والموسيقى.

فتم بنية هذه الدراسة على محاور الآتية:

• التعريف بمحمد بلو.
• وصف ديوان إفادة الطالبين.
• مفهوم القيم الأخلاقية لغة واصطلاحا.
• دراسة نماذج القيم الأخلاقية في بعض قصائد محمد بلو.
• الخاتمة.

ABSTRACT

This research work titled: ‘‘SPIRITUAL VALUES OF THE SELECTED POEMS IN THE ANTHOLOGY OF IFADAT ATTALIBIN BY MUHAMMAD BELLO”, is an analytical study in which the researcher tries to portray the spiritual values in the said divan, concentrating on six poems as a sample. The work also consists displays the historical life time of Muhammad bello (the divan) and his knowledge impact (both linguistic and literary): it also portrays the essence of the spiritual values thereby differentiating it from good manners, on the basis of method of Islamic literature and its significance in the book ‘Ifadat Attalibin’, in an effort to sum up those spiritual values that are: related to affection/emotion through devotion, generosity and wisdom; values related to phenomenon act through endurance, veracity and integrity; behavioral values through abnegation, tolerance and bravery. The findings of the research work shows that Muhammad Bello is a liberal poet due to what is contained in the divan of great and tremendous poems.

GENDER EQUITY AND SOCIAL PROGRESS: EMPOWERING WOMEN AND GIRLS TO DRIVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA

ADEOTI ADEREMI AKINWALE

School of ECCE/PED, Department of Primary Education, Kwara State College of Education, Oro

ABSTRACT

This paper navigates the terrain of gender equity and women’s empowerment within Sub-Saharan Africa, underscoring their pivotal roles in steering sustainable development. By scrutinizing diverse dimensions, challenges, and strategies, the paper accentuates the transformative influence of gender equity. Statistical insights illuminate prevailing gender disparities in education, healthcare, workforce participation, and political representation, substantiating the need for targeted interventions. Real-world instances of impactful initiatives accentuate tangible strides in gender equity and social progress. Strategies ranging from education, economic opportunities, and healthcare to political engagement and legal reforms form the bedrock of women’s empowerment. Addressing challenges rooted in cultural norms, discriminatory practices, and resource constraints, the engagement of governments, NGOs, civil society, the private sector, and international organizations is emphasized. Policy implications and recommendations furnish a roadmap for governments and stakeholders to establish an enabling environment that champions gender equity. These recommendations span diverse sectors and underscore the necessity of equal access to education, economic resources, health services, political participation, legal protection, and data-driven decision-making.The paper culminates in policy recommendations spanning education, economic opportunities, health services, political participation, legal protection, data-driven decision-making, and awareness campaigns. Looking ahead, emerging trends including technology, youth engagement, and climate resilience offer pathways, juxtaposed with persisting challenges like gender-based violence and digital divides. In essence, this paper underscores gender equity and women’s empowerment as linchpins of social progress and sustainable development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Prioritizing these tenets within development agendas is pivotal for forging an equitable, prosperous, and all-encompassing future.

Keywords: gender equity, social progress, sustainable development, empowering women, sub-saharan Africa.

FACILITIES MANAGEMENT; A MAJOR SIGNIFICANCE IN THE PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN NIGERIA

ESV ALLI KEHINDE ABDULRASHEED

Department of Estate Management, Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin.

ABSTRACT

Public buildings are landed property developed and put in place by government using tax payer’s money to fulfil specific social and economic goals. The facilities within these public building are aid and devices, which makes it easy to do things within the public buildings. Such aids include electricity, telephone service, water system, sewage plant and waste disposal system, parking space, lifts and elevators, air conditioning system, ventilation, generating plants, to mention a few. There are wide ranges of facilities within Nigerian public building, each of these facilities needs proper maintenance and management to optimize their functional utilities. The significance of facilities management to public building cannot be over emphasized. The deplorable state of public buildings in Nigeria is a source of concern. The reckless abandonment of public built assets without adequate and sustainable maintenance culture needs to be addressed urgently. The operation (expenses) cost of energy and security, repairs and maintenance are inevitably becoming more important to the performance of public buildings, hence there is need for integration of facilities management into the maintenance of buildings in Nigeria in order to for these properties to be able to operate at optimum level of efficiency.

Keywords: Facilities, Public Buildings, Performance, Development, Sustainability, Management, Maintenance.

DETERMINATION OF CONCENTRATION OF SOME INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS FROM SACHET WATER COMMONLY CONSUMED IN MUBI METROPOLIS, ADAMAWA STATE – NIGERIA.

*SAYEED, A., ¹A, ABDULKADIR, ²WILLIAM, E.

*Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Mubi. PMB 035, Adamawa State. ¹Department of Chemistry, Federal College of Education, Zaria – Kaduna State. ²Basic Science Department, Adamawa State College of Agriculture, PMB 2088, Ganye – Adamawa State.

ABSTRACT

Twelve (12) sachet water producing factories resident in Mubi metropolis were randomly sampled and stored in clean sterile 250 cm³ plastic sample bottles before 1cm³ conc. HNO₃ was added to each sample to avoid antimicrobial activities as described by WHO International standards for drinking water (1997). They were stored in the laboratory for 24 hours at room temperature without further purification before they were analyzed for some physicochemical properties (color, taste, total hardness, conductivity, pH, Na, Mg, Ca, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cl^– and CO₃^2-) respectively. The samples were colorless, odorless, tasteless with turbidity <1 at temperature range of 28.0 – 29.10 °C. The low value for turbidity indicate the clarity of the samples. The pH values for the samples ranged between 6.70 – 7.80. This could be taken as a transition between slightly, feebly acidic to very weakly alkaline properties for the liquids. Their conductivity values from analysis was found to be in the range 162 – 283 S/cm respectively. This could be taken as a measure of the ability of the water samples to pass electrical currents which directly depends on the concentration of conductive ions in the samples and may originate due to some inorganic constituents such as Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl^–, CO₃^2-, sulphide compounds and dissolved salts in the samples. The values are however within the standard limits of WHO (1997). The hardness values for the samples were found to be in the range, 51 – 52 mg/L respectively. It could be deduced from the analysis that samples X_1, X_3, X₆ and X₈ are within the WHO limits of 60 mg/L while samples X₂, X₄, X₅, X₇, X₈, X₉, X_10, X₁₁ and X₁₂ are in excess. CO₃^2-, Cl and Zn were found to be within the specified limits. For the analysis, Ca, Na, Mg and Fe, sample X₁ was found safe for consumption (Table 4.2). While sample X₂ was safe for Ca and Na, sample X₃ was only suitable in Fe concentrations and unsuitable due to the high values of Ca, Na and Mg. Sample X₄ was in excess for the metal ions Ca, Na, Mg and Fe. However, Co, Cr and Pb could not be detected.

Keywords: samples, hardness, conductivity, concentration, compounds, consumption.

IMPACT OF MICROCREDIT ON POVERTY AMONG WOMEN IN YOLA NORTH AND YOLA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS, ADAMAWA STATE

¹MANDARA BINTA MAMMAN; ²MUHAMMAD UMAR; & ³MUSTAPHA YUSUFU

¹Department of Business Education Federal College of Education Yola, Adamawa State. ²Department of Economics and Development Studies Federal University Gashua Yobe State. ³Department of Economics Federal College of Education Yola, Adamawa State

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the impact of microcredit on poverty among women in Yola market, Jimeta modern market and Gwari market of Yola North and Yola South Local Government areas of Adamawa state. The study concentrated on ascertaining whether women, as target of the microfinance banks assistance, could access micro credits and if the accessed credit affected their livelihoods (standard of living) by increasing their earnings and reducing their poverty level. The study adopted a survey research design with a systematic random sampling technique to determine the sample size. The responses were analyzed using the descriptive and inferential (Regression) methods to investigate the problem. It was found that access to micro-credit for women entrepreneurs let to increase in their earnings, as indicated by the positive sign of the coefficient 0.189, which indicates a direct relationship between access to micro credit and earning. Similarly, the business condition proved to be positive, which is 0.557 and significant. The study recommended that more awareness of the modality of access to micro-credit be created among the right category of the targeted beneficiaries by having direct contact with them. They should also be educated or trained on accessing the fund and its efficient management, while the providers (microfinance institutions) should provide women entrepreneurs with more micro-credit.

LINGUISTIC RELATIVITY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN LANGUAGE TEACHING

MOHAMMED ABUBAKAR

Department of General Studies, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State

ABSTRACT

The linguistic relativity hypothesis (LRH), otherwise known as the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis (SWH), has been passionately debated for more than five decades. It has gone through a renewed expansion in anthropological, scientific and social interest. Numerous attempts have been made to attest or refute the moderate version of the theory without producing conclusive results. This study analyses the history of the LRH and attempts to clarify its effectiveness and weakness in English language teaching. The method employs in paper is secondary type as a result of it’s full  dependency on sources of information from ready-made materials such as academic journals, textbooks, periodicals and internet sources. The result of this study show linguistic relativity hypothesis has a great influence in shaping learners way of thinking in an official setting such as a class room. Therefore, then it has implications in language teaching and learning and so the argument of this paper is seemed to be valid within the context of applied linguistic which contributes to the exist literature in the coliseum.

Key words:  linguistic relativity, linguistic determinism, Sapir-Whorf, language and thought.

THE NEED TO INSTIGATE MICROFINANCE BANK’S   IMPARTS FOR FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS’ EMPOWERMENT IN TARABA STATE

ABUBAKAR YAHAYA

School of Business and Management Technology, Department of General Studies, Federal Polytechnic, Bali, Taraba State.

Abstract

This study focuses on finding out the need to instigate microfinance bank for female entrepreneurs in Taraba State. More to that the economic conditions of women entrepreneurs under study is equally disclosed. The participants are female entrepreneurs who enjoy the benefits of loans and leases from Microfinance Bank (FMB). This is found in the existing literatures that are used in study to showcase the benefits to be equally enjoyed by female’s entrepreneurs in Taraba State. Investigation through secondary means of sourcing information is carryout thoroughly. This confirms that women and microfinance both enjoy the intervention which has a momentous impact in empowering the participants in both psychologically and economically. Nevertheless, some useful recommendations were made in which asocial collateral is suggested to be adopted instead of the ordinary method which is known as physical collateral. This is because the physical collateral is considered to be a bit obsolete in this study. Therefore, in extension, the positive outcome need to be intensified to have many more female as this will boost the economy of the study area, the state and Nigeria as a whole. So, empowering women entrepreneurs in the study area will go a long way and a standard requirements need to be elastic and accessible for a lot of more to benefit from the program.

Keywords: Females empowerment. Entrepreneurship; Entrepreneur; Microfinance Bank;

ESTIMATION OF SOIL LOSS RESULTING FROM WATER EROSION, A CASE STUDY OF GWALLAGA AND BAYARA AREAS OF BAUCHI.

Y.U. JAURO

Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba state, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

Soil erosion results to the loss of topsoil, soil fertility and organic matter content in the soil which leads to reduction in crop production potential, lower surface water quality and damaged drainage networks. The objective of the study was to estimate the quantity of soil loss on the field by the application of the universal soil loss equation (USLE), determine the quantity of soil loss under simulated rainfall and compare the results from both methods. Two sites were selected for the study, where a field and laboratory experiments were carried out for estimation of soil loss from samples collected from two fields, Gwallaga and Bayara, the soil loss in tons/ha/yr from the field experiment was estimated to be, 4.37, 4.01, 6.46, and 3.09, 2.83, 3.37 in tons/h/yr. for Bayara and Gwallaga, and the estimated soil loss under simulated rainfall was found to be 5.26, 3.58, 6.34 and 3.54, 2.50, 3.96 tons/h/yr for  Bayara and Gwallaga, result obtain from field and laboratory estimate indicate an accuracy of about 96% it is found out that the result obtain shows close to 96% accuracy, this indicate that the rainfall simulator can be best used for erosion estimation studies. The soil type on the two fields which range from clay- sandy-loam, clay-loam and sandy-loam, shows that the amount of soil loss in tons/h/yr. is low as it does not exceed 7.0tonne/h/yr. and it is therefore tolerable. However erosion control measure need to be taken to prevent continues occurrence of erosion which may lead to depletion of soil properties.

Keywords: erosion, soil loss, rainfall simulator,

THE IMPACT OF ADVERTISEMENT IN ENHANCING THE PERFORMANCE OF A BUSINESS ORGANIZATION IN THE BEVERAGES INDUSTRY (A STUDY OF NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY PLC.)

HAMISU IBRAHIM

Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal Polytechnic, Bali. Taraba State.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of advertisement in enhancing the performance of a business organization in the beverages industry. Three hypotheses were formulated for this study at the 0.05 level of significance. The instrument for data collection for this research is the questionnaire method. The questionnaire was grouped into section and the response pattern for the questionnaire is the five point likert scale. The population of the study covers consumers in Abuja metropolis and a total of two hundred were chosen and 133 sample size were determined and administered questionnaire using the Taro Yamane formula, simple random sampling was used in chosen respondents. The method of data analysis is the simple linear regression analysis using the step wise model. The finding indicates that advertisement is a significant predictor of sales of products and services, consumer behavior, and organizational promotions of products. Based on the research findings, the following recommendations were made; that the company should advertisement its product in some of the new emerging media like the internet so as to attract new customers, that the company should devote large advertising budget in its promotional campaign so as to keep the product in the minds of the consumer and sustain the product life cycle.

Keywords: Advertising, Consumer Behaviour, Organizational Promotion.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SPORTS: A CATALYST FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

MOHAMMED IDRIS JIKA

Department of Physical and Health Education, Niger State College of Education, Minna

Abstract

This paper explores the dynamic interplay between entrepreneurship and sports as catalysts for national development. The review highlighted how entrepreneurial endeavors within the sports industry contribute significantly to economic growth, social cohesion, and cultural enrichment. The paper through literatures unveiled the multifaceted impacts of sports entrepreneurship on national progress. The paper also examines how sports provide a fertile ground for entrepreneurial opportunities, ranging from sports technology and equipment innovation to event management and sports tourism. The paper also acknowledges the challenges and considerations in harnessing the full potential of sports entrepreneurship for national development. It discusses issues such as access to resources, infrastructural development, and equitable distribution of benefits, emphasizing the need for strategic policies and collaborations between governments, private sector entities, and sporting organizations. In conclusion, this review paper highlights the undeniable synergy between entrepreneurship and sports in driving national development. It recommends the need for continued research, policy innovation, and collaborative efforts to maximize the transformative impact of sports entrepreneurship on economies and societies around the world.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Sports, Opportunities, Challenges and Innovation

A STATISTICAL SURVEY OF ACADEMIC STAFF QUALIFICATIONS AT THE FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC BIDA FOR SUSTAINABLE EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

ALFA MOHAMMED SALISU

Department of Statistics, the Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State

Abstract

This study aims to provide a statistical survey of the qualifications of the academic staff at the Federal Polytechnic Bida. This survey was conducted to determine the number of lecturers and their qualifications, in order to analyze the extent to which the academic staffs possess certifications and degrees related to their field of expertise. The survey was conducted over a twelve month period (January – December 2021) among the academic staff of the polytechnic. Data were collected through the departmental staff list and further authenticated from the registry department. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that substantial number of the academic staff members hold postgraduate qualifications such as Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), Master’s degree (M.Sc.), Bachelor’s degree (B.Sc.) and Higher National Diploma (HND). It was also observed that there is a significantly higher proportion of postgraduate qualified staff at the institution compare to those before the period under study. In conclusion, the results suggest that the majority of the academic staff are highly qualified and that the institution is indeed capable of providing high quality teaching and learning experiences. Overall, the survey has provided valuable insights into the qualifications and certifications of the academic staff at the Federal Polytechnic Bida.

Key words: Statistical survey, academic qualifications, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, data analysis

CYBER SECURITY CONCERNS AND THE IMPACT OF BREXIT ON THE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA.

¹RUMANA KABIR AMINU; ²MUHAMMAD ALIYU; & ²ZAINAB ALIYU MUSA

¹Department of Computer Science, F.C.T, College of Education, Zuba, Abuja, Nigeria. ²Department of Computer Science, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria.

Abstract

Cybersecurity, which refers to the methods, procedures, and safeguards that support the defense of computer networks, devices, and data against tampering, theft, and damage, has not been a key focus of Brexit discussions, either diplomatically or publicly. In fact, it feels fairly underappreciated considering its critical role in promoting economic growth and political stability. criminal cyber actors take advantage of  the borderless nature of the internet coupled with the confusion that comes with brexit.  While other articles focus on trade and development. economic , geopolitical , social implications 0f brexit, this paper focuses on the implications of brexit on CyberSecurity, we presented the implications of brexit on uk cyber security policy, the African Cyber Security Land Scape and the Possible cyber security implications of brexit on sub-Saharan Africa. We concluded by recoomendations on how to strengthen the subsaharan Africa cyber security

EFFECTS OF CULTIVAR AND AGE OF MOTHER-PLANT ON THE VIABILITY AND VIGOUR QUALITIES OF FOUR BELL PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.) PLANTS.

MUSTAPHA, A., IBRAHIM, H., GANA, A.S., SALAUDEEN, M.T. & ADEDIRAN, A.O.

Department of Crop Production, Federal University of Technology Minna

ABSTRACT

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important fruit vegetable belonging to the family Solanaceae. The demand for this crop as a vegetable has increased especially in the urban centres, however, availability of quality seeds for sustainable production to meet the high demand has become a big challenge. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of cultivars and ages of mother-plant on the viability and vigour of bell pepper seeds. The experiment was arranged in a 4 × factorial using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The factors were four cultivars of pepper and 6 plant ages. The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Department of Crop Production, Federal University of Technology Minna in 2020. The seeds were stored in an incubator set at 37 C and 75% relative humidity to accelerate the aging process for 8 weeks and the following parameters were tested weekly; seed germination percentage, seed vigour index and seed leachate electro-conductivity. The seeds of “Dan Damaso” and harvesting physiologically matured fruits when the mother-plant was 99 days old produced seeds with superior germination and vigour in the study.

PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES IN MITIGATING HOSPITALITY EMPLOYEES WORK-ENVIRONMENT STRESS IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA

AYO SUNDAY OLALEKAN; PROF. STELLA ZUBAIRU; DR. OLUWAFEMI AKANDE; & DR. SALAWU AHMED

Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

The hospitality industry is known for its high-stress environment, which can lead to decreased productivity, poor job satisfaction, and employee burnout. Passive design strategies have emerged as a promising approach to reducing occupational stress levels in the workplace. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of passive design strategies in reducing occupational stress levels in the hospitality industry. The paper focuses in north central Nigeria especially the capital territory, Abuja being the study area of the  research. The study adopts a simple approach of assessing data, which includes a survey of employees’ perceived stress levels, observations of the physical environment, and interviews with key stakeholders. The findings indicate that passive design strategies, such as natural lighting, greenery, and ventilation, have a significant impact on employees’ perceived stress levels hence productivity level. Thus, conclusions, recommendations, and suggested solutions in alleviating occupational stress level in the hospitality industry through passive design strategies which can improve job satisfaction and employee well-being, even as the industry is a key factor in the overall growth of the country for its contribution to GDP growth annually, while reducing turnover rates and associated costs.

Key words: Hospitality industry, Health hazards, passive design strategies, occupational stress, Work environment

NUMERICAL COMPLEXITY STUDY OF SOME SORTING ALGORITHMS

ABUBAKAR IBRAHIM ALHAJI; A.E OKEYINKA; & ABDULLAHI IBRAHIM

Department of Computer Science, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai Niger State, Nigeria.

Abstract

The complexity analysis of an algorithm has been reviewed using analytical approach like (Big O) notation. These methods do not bring out the differences in complexity. Two or more sorting algorithms may have the same complexity in the three cases which implies that analytical results are equally efficient, but this may not be so when solved numerically. However, for clarity purposes, the actual complexities of the algorithms should be evaluated to determine the best among them. Hence, this study gives the numerical solution to the complexity of bubble sort, insertion sort, merge sort, and quick sort using a C++ program. From the findings, it is observed that quick sort performs best with minimum run-time irrespective of the data size. Merge sort is better than insertion sort and bubble sort. As the data volume continues to increase, bubble sort tends to be faster than insertion sort.

Keywords: Sorting Algorithm, Time Complexity, Numerical, Big O, Bubble Sort, Insertion Sort, Merge Sort, and Quick Sort.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS AND ADEQUACY OF EXISTING FIRE SAFETY MEASURES IN FUTMINNA STUDENTS’ HOSTELS

ACHINE E.I.¹ AND CHARLES M.²

Department of Architecture, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

Fire safety measures are of utmost importance in the design of any building, particularly in high occupancy structures such as student hostels. This paper is aimed at evaluating the adequacy of fire safety measures across the six hostels located at the Federal University of Technology Minna (FUTMINNA) Gidan kwano campus. The research methodology adopted in the study was the mixed method approach employing a structured questionnaire, and physical inspection/observation. To determine the adequacy of the existing fire safety systems in the students’ hostels, a multi-attribute evaluation approach was employed which facilitated the classification of fire safety systems into five categories: non-existence, non-fulfillment, low-fulfillment, High fulfilment and Full fufillment of the assessment criteria in the checklist. Descriptive statistics was adopted to analyse the data obtained from the survey questionnaires, while mean score was used to analyse the data collected by observation. The study reveals that, the existing fire safety measures in FUTMINNA students’ hostels is effective however, there are some others measures that are not provided such as fire stoppers on doors, windows and compartmentalization of spaces. Conclusively, the findings will be of relevance to other hostels within and around the campuses of other universities in Nigeria serving as guidelines and reference. The study recommends that, adequate attention should be paid to existing fire safety measures in students hostels while due consideration be given to the provision of fire safety measures and systems right from the design stage.

ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL VENTILATION IN MULTI-STOREY RESIDENTIAL IN ABUJA, NIGERIA.

ADEDAYO S. M.¹ AND LAWAL L. A. T²

Department of Architecture, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

The design of domestic buildings which adopts a purely natural ventilation strategy is now commonplace in many parts of the world, and increasing this strategy has been shown to be viable in city centers as well as ‘green field’ locations. However, the adoption of natural ventilation in high-rise residential buildings are less common causing environmental problems and cost implications associated with mechanically ventilated buildings. The study is aimed at assessing natural ventilation strategies and ways in which it can be implemented in multi-storey residential buildings. This is to be achieved through it’s objectives; to understand the respondents knowledge about natural ventilation, ,to understand the building operation and how it affect proper ventilation in multi storey building, identify and examine other factors that can affect the operation of natural ventilation on the comfort of building occupants. The study will make use of quantitative type of research which includes survey, by making use of questionnaires and fact finding enquires of different kinds, use of journals, book and articles. In this discourse, the issues of natural ventilation and natural ventilation strategies will be explored to bring out their significance in promoting a naturally ventilated building in order to minimize energy consumption and to reduce the reliance on “mechanical” ventilation for a more sustainable environment. These strategies are to be considered before and during design in order to maximize its effect. This paper proposes to significantly enlighten general populace and provide greater awareness of the several benefits gained from a well-ventilated building.

Keywords: natural ventilation, multi-storey, energy, thermal comfort, natural cooling

ASSESSMENT OF BARRIERS AND DRIVERS TO THE ADOPTION OF MACHINE LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION SITE ACCIDENT PREVENTION

GARBA, USMAN BIDA, SHITTU, ABDULLATEEF ADEWALE & OKOSUN, BLESSING ODIANOSEN

Department of Quantity Surveying, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

Abstract

The construction industry is fraught with danger. The investigation of the causes of occupational accidents receives considerable attention. Despite the introduction of numerous safety preventive measures in recent decades, occupational safety in the construction industry still requires improvement and progress. Therefore, this study assesses the barriers and drivers to the adoption of Machine Learning (ML) technologies in road construction site accident prevention in Abuja with a view to reducing the rate of accidents in road construction projects. This study used the mixed-methods approach, which involves a combination of both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. In view of this, this study adopted a structured questionnaire and interview schedule to collect data. The use of stratified random and purposive sampling techniques was adopted. A structured questionnaire and interview schedule were adopted to collect data. The analysis of the data was undertaken with the use of descriptive statistics such as content analysis/percentage, frequency counts, and the mean item score (MIS). Results of the analysis revealed that the most significant driver for the adoption of ML technologies in road construction site accident prevention is “efficient construction time and work speed” (MIS = 4.28). Findings from the study show that the most severe barrier to the adoption of ML technologies in road construction site accident prevention is “decision to use differs from client requirements” (MIS = 4.37). The study therefore concludes that the level of readiness for adoption of ML technologies for accident prevention in road construction projects in Abuja is very high but requires improvement by taking cognizance of specific drivers and barriers to continuously have a reduction in the rate of accidents in road construction projects. The study recommends that road construction firms should put up proactive measures to prevent the occurrence of barriers to the adoption of ML technologies, especially with regards to the barrier of “decision to use differs from client requirements,” among other barriers.

Keywords: Accident, Barrier, Driver, Machine Learning, Prevention, Road Construction.

INTEGRATION OF PASSIVE FIRE DESIGN STRATEGIES IN THE DESIGN OF A COMMERCIAL PLAZA IN ABUJA

MOHAMMED, F.J.; AND ABDULRAHMAN, M.E

Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Considerable difficulties exist in commercial office buildings located in FCT Abuja due to a lack of efficient passive fire design methods. An increase in the likelihood of uncontrolled fire spread, smoke propagation, endangering occupant safety, and impeding efficient emergency evacuation stand as prominent issues that loom and could lead to collapses and significant damage. This study aims to integrate passive fire design techniques into the design of a commercial office plaza in Abuja. This study was intended to identify the design of fire safety strategies, assess the fire safety strategy in an existing selected plaza, analyse people’s perceptions about fire safety strategies, and evolve a plaza with a fire safety strategy. The study employed an observation checklist and survey questionnaire in order to retrieve data from five office plazas across Abuja and form 500 individuals within these plazas. Findings revealed that the use of fire extinguishers, mustard areas, and fire walls were the most widely used active fire safety measures across all plazas, with a 20% level of usage. Fire compartmentalization revealed its relatively rare application as an architectural concept to addressing fire in commercial office plazas. More so, the prevalence of fire alarms and fire escape staircases in commercial office plazas was found to be 80% and 60%, respectively. Recommendations for installing passive fire safety design elements in commercial office plazas and already-existing structures, among others, were made.

Keywords:  Commercial, Design, Fire, plaza Safety, Strategy

INTEGRATION OF LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS IN THE DESIGN OF PAEDIATRIC AND WOMEN’S HOSPITAL IN MAIDUGURI, BORNO STATE

USMAN, G.; AND MUHAMMAD I. B.

Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

Abstract

The design of healthcare facilities plays a crucial role in promoting the health and well-being of patients. As such specific actions like well-designed sidewalks, enhanced vegetation, and minimizing obstacles that hinder seeing and interacting with natural elements are crucial for enhancing residential satisfaction at the local community level. This thesis explores the integration of landscape elements in the design of a paediatric and women’s hospital in Maiduguri, Borno State, with a focus on creating a healing environment to positively impact the mental and emotional well-being of patients. Structured survey was employed in gathering first hand data from hospital staff, patients, and their families. The quantitative data collected helped to determine the effectiveness of the current design and the potential benefits of integrating landscape elements into the design. This helps to identify the most important landscape elements to include in the design. Case studies were also conducted across selected hospitals in Maiduguri, Borno State, so as to identify the landscape elements that have been successfully integrated into their design. The data analysis was carried out using SPSS and reliability tests was done using Cronbach’s alpha. In addition, relative importance index method was employed to determine the landscape elements that was of great prioritization and significant for positive patient health outcomes. The study’s findings emphasize the significance of incorporating natural elements into healthcare architecture, highlighting the positive influence of natural lighting, views of nature, and outdoor seating areas on patient well-being. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the vital role of landscape elements in improving the overall well-being and healing environment for patients in the proposed hospital emphasizing the positive influence of thoughtfully designed landscapes on patient well-being, highlighting the significance of natural elements, therapeutic gardens, and green spaces in healthcare settings. The study recommends the thoughtful integration of landscape elements from the design inception to create a comfortable and supportive atmosphere for patients, contributing to better treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Key words: Design, Hospital,  Integration,  Landscape Elements , Paediatric , Women’s

ARCHITECTURAL INTERVENTIONS TO IMPROVE DAYLIGHT AND COLOUR IMPACT FOR THE LONG-TERM SUSTAINABLE WELLBEING OF PAEDIATRIC HOSPITAL PATIENTS IN ABUJA, NIGERIA

ODUNTAN, I.E.; AND AKANDE, O.K.

Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Daylight and colour are fundamental variables in the design of hospitals, daylight and colour helps to improve the positive response of patient’s recovery in a hospital. This research work aims to evaluate architectural interventions to improve daylight and colour impact for the long-term sustainable wellbeing of paediatric hospital patients in Abuja, Nigeria. This study adopted a quantitative research approach, and a total of 300 questionnaires were distributed throughout the study population, with 269 questionnaires (90%) successfully recovered. The analysis of the data was carried out using descriptive statistics such as percentage and mean item score (MIS). While 52.8% of respondents agreed that the presence of a high-level window would improve daylight in the building, they also stated that they feel comfortable with the use of colour in the interiors. The findings reveal that 51.3% of the respondents agreed that they were comfortable with the application of colour in the treatment rooms. The findings reveal that 71.4% of the respondents agreed that bed arrangements should properly face window areas as a moderately important daylighting strategy in paediatric hospital design. According to the study’s findings, having enough daylight in the paediatric wards is important since it speeds up patients’ recuperation. The study recommends architectural changes to better the incorporation of daylighting and colour principles in the architecture of a paediatric hospital in Abuja, Nigeria. This would increase the impact it could have on young patients.

Keywords: colour, daylight, paediatric hospital buildings

INCORPORATION OF TRADITIONAL YORUBA ARCHITECTURE IN THE DESIGN OF A CONTEMPORARY ART GALLERY IN ABEOKUTA, OGUN STATE

OBAFUNSO RIDWAN; AND DR. C.J. EZE

Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Cultural heritage and architectural traditions hold immense value as they reflect the identity and culture of a society. Within this context, Yoruba culture has played a pivotal role in shaping art and architecture, significantly influencing the religious and social fabric of the community. Unfortunately, the absence of essential Yoruba traditional housing elements in contemporary structures poses a dual threat: jeopardizing the preservation of Yoruba history and heritage while fostering a disconnection between past traditions and the present, leading to a loss of cultural identity. This study aims to incorporate traditional Yoruba architectural elements in the design of a contemporary art gallery in Abeokuta, Ogun State, with a view to preserving the cultural identity of the Yoruba people. Case studies were carried out on five existing art galleries in Ogun State and environs. The research instrument employed for data collection was a structured survey questionnaire administered to 400 respondents comprising of professionals in the building industry and users of art galleries, 298 questionnaires were returned out of which 251 questionnaires was valid. The analysis of the data was carried out with the use of frequency count, percentage, and mean item score. The results obtained from the analysis of the data revealed that integration of traditional materials had high preferences in art galleries or public buildings, with a mean score of 3.77 ranked first. This was followed by preference for ornamentations (murals), with a mean score of 3.68 ranked second, while Building configuration with Courtyard had the lowest preference with a mean score of 3.46. Findings further revealed that amongst the traditional building materials selected to be integrated, the inclusion of wood had high preferences, with a mean score of 3.77 ranked first. This was followed by inclusion for Mud or Adobe Bricks with a mean score of 3.70 ranked second. In conclusion, the study serves as a testament to the enduring significance of Yoruba traditional architectural elements and their capacity to enrich modern architectural practices. It underscores the importance of preserving cultural heritage in the face of urbanization, ensuring that these architectural treasure continue to inspire and resonate with future generations. The study recommends design practitioners to incorporate in their designs, characteristic features of Yoruba traditional architecture, in a bid to preserve the cultural identity of the Yoruba speaking people of south-western Nigeria.

Keywords: Architectural elements, culture, Yoruba, heritage, art gallery, incorporation

CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH COMPULSORY ACQUISITION AND COMPENSATION EXERCISE IN BAUCHI METROPOLIS

IBRAHIM IDRIS; SAADATU MUSA ALIYU; & HALIMA SALEH TORO

Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Faculty of Environmental Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B 0248, Bauchi State, Nigeria

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to assess the challenges associated with compulsory acquisition exercise in Bauchi metropolis, Nigeria, with a view to proposing residents’ perception. The study adopted the use of quantitative approach and data were collected through questionnaire survey from 162 residents whose property were compulsorily acquired and purposively selected from target population in Bauchi metropolis. The data collected was subjected to descriptive with mean ranking. The finding of this study shows that resistance to allow surveyors to represent claimant, illiteracy of the claimants, inadequate revocation notices, corruption of government officers and inadequate compensations are the problems that moderately affect the exercise. It also reveals that challenges which include inadequate funding of compensation exercise, use of low rate for economic trees, problem of conflicting claims, non-payment of interest on delayed payments, non-enumeration for some economic crops and non-payment for undeveloped land has no any effect on compulsory acquisition and compensation exercise. The paper recommended that government should endeavour to sensitize the general public on the need for land acquisition in the interest of the public and should try as much as possible to be faithful to communicate the purpose of the acquisitions.

Keys: Challenges, Compulsory acquisition, Compulsory acquisition, Compensation Exercise, Revocation

FOOD SAFETY FORECASTING USING INTERNET OF THINGS AND MACHINE LEARNING

FADEYI, JOHN OLUWOLE; ENGR. DR. A.U. USMAN; & ENGR. DR. S. S. OYEWOBI

Telecommunication Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna.

ABSTRACT

Food sector is a significant part of the economy but it faces challenges with food spoilage, especially in meat, fruits, and vegetables. This issue involves food items, especially meat, fruits, and vegetables, going stale and often reaching consumers unnoticed. Additionally, during food chain there may be instances where the food may still be within the proposed shelf life but may be spoilt before it gets to the consumer, therefore, it is important to test them and envisage when it will be inedible. This paper presents a predictive model which is used to forecast when the fruits will be inedible via the use of time series data generated from internet of things (IoT) based device. The IoT device developed in this research is used to monitor the decline of the freshness of the fruit to the state of inedibility. This device measures parameters such as alcohol, and ammonia around the fruit, as such large amounts of real-time data are generated. A web server is used for the storage of data values sensed in real time and also for the analysis of results. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) predictive model is used to forecast the time the fruit will be inedible via the use of time series data harvested from the cloud. The implementation of this technology enhances traceability, minimizes food wastage, and, most importantly, protects consumers from foodborne illnesses.

Keywords: Food safety, IoT, Machine learning

INTEGRATING GREEN BUILDING STRATEGIES IN THE DESIGN OF RESIDENTIAL ESTATES IN MINNA NIGER STATE.

JIBOGUN EMMANUEL; & DR. Y.C. MAKUN

Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65 Minna Niger State

ABSTRACT

In the exploration of eco-friendly building strategies within the Bosso Estate, Minna -Niger State, this research tackles the pressing issue of integrating sustainable practices into residential housing. The study delves into the challenges and opportunities surrounding green architecture, focusing on passive design, renewable energy, energy efficiency, site and nature, and sustainable materials. Our participants comprised 133 diverse structures within the Bosso Estate, and insights were gleaned through in-depth interviews with 13 residents. The research aimed to unravel the prevailing use of passive design elements, examine renewable energy adoption, assess energy efficiency tactics, analyze the impact of site and nature strategies, and understand the dynamics of sustainable material integration. Findings revealed a commendable adoption of passive design principles, such as solar orientation and cross-ventilation, yet emphasized an untapped potential for renewable energy strategies within the estate. The study uncovered a diverse landscape in energy efficiency tactics, signaling the need for standardization and regulatory measures. Notably, the site and nature strategy emerged as a favored choice, showcasing a harmonious coexistence with the natural environment. However, sustainable material integration lagged behind, influenced by historical contexts. Interviews with residents highlighted a minimal understanding of green buildings, although residents unknowingly embraced eco-friendly strategies driven by a desire for enhanced comfort and financial considerations. In conclusion, this research advocates for enhanced communication, diversified shading strategies, government standardization, occupant education, financial incentives, research initiatives, community engagement, and curricular integration. These recommendations converge into a transformative roadmap, steering Minna towards a future where green building strategies are not just adopted but embraced as integral components of sustainable living. In summary, our study illuminates the challenges and potentials in implementing eco-friendly building strategies within Bosso Estate, offering valuable insights to shape a greener and more resilient Minna, symbolizing a paradigm shift towards sustainable residential development.

DESIGN EQUATIONS FOR BAMBOO REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS

TERLUMUN, S.,¹, OKAFOR, F.O.,² ONYIA, M.E.,² OGBIYE A.S.,¹ FARIDA U.,³ ABUBAKAR S.H.¹

¹Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna, Nigeria ²Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria ³Training Department, National Water Resource Institute, Kaduna, Nigeria

Abstract

Bamboo is a rapidly replenishing resource that is used as a practical building material in many nations. Despite the limitatiobs of natural bamboo, there is lack of well established design guide on bamboo reinforcemnt. This research reviewed and developed some design equations for bamboo reinforcement. Bamboo samples treated with various techniques were examined and used in this work.  The results reveal some variations in tensile and flexural performance of bamboo as a construction material. Also, the work identified some design expressions developed by previous researchers and improved on it to accommodate the effects of treatment methods in bamboo design there by improving on the existing approach. The tensile strength obtained from experimental work was used to develop more design equations for bamboo construction.

THE ISSUES INVOLVED IN ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES (ESP) COURSE DESIGN

ABUBAKAR, YUSUF

Department of languages and communication, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State

Abstract

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has grown in leaps and bounds in the last decade. Course design is one of the key stages in ESP. Hutchinson and Waters see ESP as an approach rather than a product, by which they mean that ESP does not involve a particular kind of language, teaching material and methodology. Language varieties are self-contained entities which extend from a common core of language. This paper has highlighted some of the issues involved in ESP curriculum development. The main focus is on the topic of language varieties and on the type of investigation ESP curriculum developers use to identify the gap between what learners already know and what they need to know in order to study or work in their specific target environments. Apart from this it examines the topic of wide- versus narrow-angled course designs.

Key Words: Language Variety, English for Specific purpose, Wide angle, Narrow angled, course design.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF Moringa oleifera SEED POWDER IN PURIFICATION OF WATER

AYEGBA, S.O.;  ABDALLAH, H.Y.; OKOYE,C.I.; ADAMU, B.B.; MALIKI, H.S.; ABUBAKAR, Z.I.; IDRIS, H. A.; MAIDAWA, G.L.; MUSA, F.; & MUSTAPHA, F.A.

National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

The high cost of treating water makes most people in the rural communities to resort to readily available source which are normally of low quality exposing them to water borne disease. It is in this light that this study was carried out to confirm the effectiveness of powder extracted from matured dried Moringa oleifera seeds which is commonly available in most rural communities of Africa. The study was carried out using doses of 50g,100g,200g,300g,4000g,500g  of Moringa oleifera seed powder in 1000ml of the water sample (obtained from river Lanzo). And aluminum sulpate ( alum) as a coagulant ,a control ( water from river Lanzo without Moringa and alum treatment)was included. The  500g/ml treatment of Moringa and 60g/ml of alum treatment gave values that are acceptable according to the World Health Organization (WHO)guidelines for  safe drinking water. However the treatment with Moringa seed powder is more effective than the treatment with aluminium sulphate(alum). The control sample gave higher extremes values which are unacceptable. The results from this study agrees with earlier works recommending the use of Moringa for water treatment (Ndabigenegesere, et al 2017). The seed kernels of Moringa oliefera contains lower molecular weight water soluble protein which carry a positive charge, when the seeds are crushed and added to water, the protein produces positive charges acting like magnets and attracting predominately negative charged particles such as clay, silk, and other toxic particles. Under proper agitation these bounded particles grows in size to form the flocculates which are left to settle by gravity. The possibilities of using moringa seed coagulant for water treatment is great, it provides realistic alternatives to the conventional methods using adequate quantity.

Keywords: Moringa oleifera, Seeds, water, Alum, Treatment

THE EFFECT OF BIFURCATION POINT ON HYDROGEN NATURAL GAS MIXTURE FLOW IN A PIPELINE SYSTEM

^*1BABA G A, ¹IBRAHIM ABDULLAHI, ¹USMAN SANI AND ²MUSA ABDULLAHI

¹Mathematics Department, Federal University Dutse. ²Mathematics and Statistics Department. Gombe State Polytechnic Bajoga

Abstract

Bifurcations lead to head losses in a fluid system and necessary on flow parameter predictions.  One dimensional model for fluid flow in pipeline is frequently used in fluid flow problems and also sufficient on complex systems model, such as bifurcations pipes. Non-linear hyperbolic partial differential equations on Blevins modified equation to analyses the transient behavior of hydrogen natural gas mixture through pipe bifurcation. The geometry of bifurcation is accounted by modified transmission conditions and treated at the two outlets differently. Finite difference method is used to analysis the transient behavior of bifurcation point and shows produce head loss coefficients, due to amount hydrogen presents.

Keywords: Bifurcation, hydrogen, Blevins, Mixture Natural gas, Flux

AN IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ACACIA SENEGAL AS PREBIOTIC AGAINST PATHOGENS

¹MAINA MOHAMMED IDRISS, ²ASMITA SEHGAL, ³SAMA’ILA AUDU JOVIAL ⁴FATIMA M.M, ⁵SAMI A.N.

^{1, 3 &5}Mai Idris Alooma Polytechnic,Geidam, Yobe State, ^2&3Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India, ⁴ Federal University of Health Sciences, Azare, Bauchi, State, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

An in vitro antimicrobial action of Acacia senegal extracts against eleven (11) selected microorganisms was determined using well diffusion technique. The microorganisms with their laboratory number were Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 3160), Streptococcus pyogenes (MTCC 1924), Acinetobacter lwoffii (MTCC8288), Proteus vulgaris (MTCC 742), Enterobacter aerogenes (MTCC 2822), Escherichia coli (MTCC 739), Serratia marcescens (MTCC 7298), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 741), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC 7028), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MTCC 3090) and Candida albicans (MTCC 183).Three samples of aqueous extracts of Acacia senegal were used in this study. These are; the crude extract and two other processed extracts manufactured by Sattvic foods ltd and Urban platter industry.With the exception of Serratia marcescens all the test microorganisms sensitive to all the three aqueous extracts. Ciprofloxacin disc was used as standard and was found to be highly active against all the eleven test microorganisms with stronger action against Serratia marcescens (inhibition zone of 41.33mm) and the weakest was against Candida albicans with an average inhibition zone of 25.67mm.

Key words: Acacia senegal (GA), Prebiotics, Probiotics, Bifidobacteria, In vitro, microflora, bifidobacteria, aqueous, hydrocolloids, nosocomial.

DETERMINATION OF THE LEVEL OF TRACE ELEMENT IN SHEEP INTERNAL ORGANS IN MUBI ABATTOIR

IBRAHIM M.,   HAUWA’U S.M, AND SHETTIMA U.A

Department of Chemical Science Technology, Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B.35, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

The level of trace element residual concentrations of Cd, Zn, Cr, Pb, and Cu in the in Heart, Kidney and Liver (organs) using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) have been determined in sheep, each consisted of five sample. The results of concentration of trace elements were showed that Cadmium, was not detected in all the organs sampled of heart and kidney only has a minute quantity in liver 0.0023±0.01 mg/kg. The highest concentration (2.950±0.01 mg/kg) of zinc was found in liver and  (1.760±0.01 mg/kg) of Zinc was found in the kidney while the lowest which was detected (0.34±0.01mg/kg) in the heart , which is below  the permissible limit of 0.50 mg/kg, as recorded by USDA, (2006). Chromium Cr was not detected in different organs of all samples of 0.00 ± 0.00 mg/kg. Copper, was detected in all the organs sampled and varied in the range of 0.45 ± 0.22 mg/kg, 0.33 ± 0.01 mg/kg. and 0.19 ± 0.01 mg/kg). The most values of trace element residues have been found higher: in Liver than in Kidney. Drastic measures are suggested to detoxicate and treat both the industrial and domestic effluents which are intended to be used for health purposes.

Key word: AAS, Organs Sample, Digestion apparatus and nitric Acid

AN APPRAISAL OF REAL ESTATE TRAINING ON POLYTECHNIC GRADUATES (CASE STUDY OF RUFUS GIWA POLYTECHNIC, OWO, NIGERIA)

ADEOLA TAIWO OLUSOLA¹ AND ASAOLU OLUWABUKOLA CATHERINE²

¹Estate Management Department, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State. ²Estate Management Department, Federal Polytechnic, Ile Oluji, Ondo State

ABSTRACT

The relationship between the academics and practice has always elicited attention from researchers and practitioners. It is always good to understand if the students are getting the best training by examining the effect training has on graduates produced by such Institutions. This study examined the effect of real estate training on graduates of Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Nigeria with a view to improving on the delivery and reception of lectures being taught in the classrooms. The objectives were to determine the techniques used in teaching of real estate management, the teaching environment itself, the motivation enjoyed by the lecturers teaching in tertiary institution and the opinion of the graduates on the applicability of their training to practice. Questionnaires were administered on 60 graduates of the Institution practicing in Ondo State based on five point likert scale and the questionnaires were analysed using frequency table and mean score. It was discovered that  virtually all the courses taught was useful in professional practice but Property Valuation ranked highest with a mean of 4.43 followed by Property management (x=4.18) while some of the graduates were not conversant with Facility management. It was also found that convenience and  internet facilities were not adequate for the use of both lecturers and students in the Institution. It was therefore suggested that the graduates should acquaint themselves with all aspects of the profession while convenience and Internet facilities be made available in the institution for both lecturers and students.

ASSESSMENT OF BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY ON PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED DEPOSITMONEY BANKS IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

*HALIRU, MUSA HUSSAINI; & **ADAM UMAR FARUK

*Department of Business Administration and Management, School of Administration and Business Studies, Isa Mustapha Agwai I Polytechnic, Lafia. **20, Kankara Road Off Abuja Road Rigasa Kaduna

ABSTRACT

It has been observed that banking sector in Nigeria specifically deposit money banks  adopted the used of biometric technology in terms of signature, fingerprint, biometric verification number and facial recognition with the aim of securing the investment of the investors and a deposits of the customers so as to improve their overall performance. This study, examines the effect of biometric technology on performance of some selected deposit money banks in Kaduna State. This study adopted a survey research design, and population used for this study was 1,553 employees of the selected deposit money banks in Kaduna state, Nigeria (Central Bank of Nigeria, 2023) out of which the sample size of 349 was selected using Taro Yamane sample size formula and convenience sampling technique was used to select the respondents. The study utilized questionnaire for data collection. Partial least square structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the data collected. The study found that that signature, finger print and facial recognition has positive and statistical significant effect on the performance of selected deposit money banks in Kaduna state. While biometric verification number has positive and insignificant effect on performance of deposit money banks in Kaduna state. The study concluded that biometric technology influences the performance of selected deposit money banks in Kaduna State. Thus, the study recommended, among others, that Deposit money banks in Kaduna state should improve on the implementation of signature, finger print, effect on the performance  verification number by way of ensuring that Biometric Verification Number of customers are rightly confirmed for every transaction including e-transitions.

THE RELEVANCE OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY IN NATION BUILDING

ESV ALLI, KEHINDE ABDULRASHEED

Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Institute of Environmental Studies, Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin.

ABSTRACT

A good nation building strategy is an attempt to solve generic problems in terms of health, transportation, education, security ecological crisis, agriculture, poverty, land, resource managements for the government and its people in order to improve on the economic structure of a nation. A reasonable government must have a manifesto for nation building planning processes and other programmes in order to solve some pending problems. Many of these problems, if not all, are geographic problems. The essence is therefore to improve on existing sectors and policies and to establish new ones in order for an enhanced livelihood for the citizenry and also to boost the economic structure of the nation. The relevance of Geographic Information System (GIS) Technology in nation building can be connected to the advancement in technology. In today’s technological environment, the emphasis is on Information Technology (IT) that is observed to have gained currency in the scientific world in the past few years. This revolution has added new capabilities to human intelligence arid consequently changed the way we work (mode of operations) and the way we live together (interaction of people). However, Geographic Information System (GIS) being a new technology is helping tremendously in the area of environmental researches and as a decision support tool to complex human problems, thereby enhancing good national policies in nation building plans.

KEYWORDS: GIS, Nation Building, Technology, Planning, Economic Structure, Development, Government.

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SELF-OPERATED SAFETY SWITCH

K.U. UDEZE; & J.C. EZEILO

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Oko, Oko, Anambra State.

ABSTRACT

The design and construction of an automatic change-over from public utility supply to private and vice-versa was aimed at providing a useful system for use in homes, offices, or industries. The system was achieved with a veroboard,1000µf (microfarads), 2capacitor, 5diodes, 3 relays, jump wire, transformer, bulb, lamp holder. The system turns on a generator when the public utility (PHCN) is off by cranking when the generator is fully started. A delay was provided to stop the generator microseconds after the PHCN is restored to avoid unnecessary off and on. A display that shows when PHCN or GEN. is son was provided.

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR ENHANCING PERFORMANCE OF TEACHING STAFF IN SELECTED DEPARTMENTS IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN RIVERS STATE

ROSELYN SHIRLEY KONTEIN-TRINYA

Department of General Studies, Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Rumuola, Port Harcourt

Abstract

The study examined into information and communication technologies for enhancing performance of teaching staff in selected departments in tertiary institutions in Rivers State. The research design is qualitative in which related literature was reviewed.  The paper discussed information and communication technologies in the light of availability of information and communication tools, utilization of the ICTs, challenges of use ICTs and the concept of Lecturer performance.  Availability was viewed in the sense of not just having the facilities available but the ability of the Lecturer to use the available digital tools.  From the reviewed scholarly literature the paper suggested that government should embark on massive training and retraining of Lecturer in public tertiary institutions in Rivers State in Rivers State, while the lecturers themselves should brace up for self development to cope with the contemporary world of education.

Key Words: Information and Communication Technologies, Lecturer performance, Challenges, Utilities, Availability, OTM (Office Technology and Management).

RESPONSE OF SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX L) TO PHOSPHORUS, BORON AND MOLYBDENUM APPLICATION IN A SANDY LOAM SEMI-ARID SOIL (CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC BALI)

KAMSUSI AMINU

Department of Crop Production Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bali Taraba State Nigeria

ABSTRACT

This study aimed at evaluating the response of Soybean (Glycine Max L.) to Phosphorus, Boron and Molybdenum application in a sandy loam semi-arid soil. The experimental design was completely randomized design with three replicates. The results were subjected to analysis of Variance using statistical software and treatments mean were compared at 5% probability level. Mean separation was carried out using the least significant difference method. The present experiment was conducted at screen house Department of Crop Production Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bali for eight (8) weeks between July and August 2023. Soybean variety (TGX 1951) was sown in pots containing twelve (12) treatments (Control, B, Mo, B+Mo, P₁, P₁+B, P₁+Mo, P₁+B,+Mo, P₂, P₂+B, P₂+Mo, P₂+B+Mo). Observation on plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, fresh and dry matter weight were recorded. Treatments involving phosphorus and Molybdenum recorded significant effects on the parameters measured, while treatments involving Boron had the lowest effects presumably due to toxic effects of Boron on soybean plant. It could be concluded from the overall results that higher level of Boron causes possible antagonism between Boron and Molybdenum in soybean presumably due to the competition between borate and molybdate anion on the root cells resulting in low molybdenum absorption. It is therefore recommended that combine application of Phosphorus and Molybdenum should be encouraged among farmers in soybean production.

Keywords: Response, Soybean, Phosphorous, Boron, Molybdenum, Soil

INFORMATION AND COMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) AND AFRICAN POTENTIALS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

MOHAMMED HAMIDU & MOHAMMED AJI

Information and Communication Technology Unit, Federal Polytechnic Bali, P. M. B. 05, Taraba State, Nigeria

Abstract

Information and Communication Technology has the potential to significantly contribute to the sustainable development of African nations. Africa is a continent with diverse challenges and opportunities, and leveraging ICT can help address many of these challenges while unlocking economic, social, and environmental benefits. In this paper, some vital aspects in which ICT can support sustainable development in Africa include access to information, education and skill development, agriculture and food security, Environmental sustainability, financial inclusion, healthcare, economic growth and job creation, infrastructural development and crises management. However, it’s important to note that realizing the potential of ICT for sustainable development in Africa also comes with challenges. These include digital literacy gaps, infrastructure deficits, affordability issues, and cyber-security concerns. To address these challenges, governments, businesses, and civil society must work together to develop comprehensive strategies that prioritize equitable access, education, and responsible ICT policies. In conclusion, ICT has the potential to be a powerful catalyst for sustainable development in Africa, spanning economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Harnessing this potential requires concerted efforts and investments to ensure that the benefits of ICT reach all segments of society, leaving no one behind.

Key Words: Information, communication, technology, sustainable, development.

DEVELOPMENT OF REMOTE CONTROL LIGHT DIMMER BASED ON MICROCONTROLLER

YUSUF MOHAMMED

Department Of Electrical/ Electronics Engineering, School Of Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bali.

ABSTRACT

Light dimming has been possible for many decades by using adjustable power resistors and adjustable transformers. However, these conventional methods which have been used in movie theatres, stages and other public places, suffer from significant imperfections. They are big, expensive, have poor efficiency and they are hard to control from remote location. These also involve a lot of human labor, energy and time wastage. This paper presents the design and implementation of an intelligent microcontroller-based remote controlled light dimmer that make the entire system smarter and easier to operate. A remote control is designed to control the light intensity as well as switch on and off the light. The system works by varying the duty cycle (On/Off time) of the full AC voltage that is applied to the light being controlled. A  Triode for Alternating Current (TRIAC) and Diode for Alternating Current (DIAC) were used to control the power of the lamp. The system is found operational and effective within the range of 0.01m to 5.00m in accordance with the design specifications.

Key words: Microcontroller, Remote control, Light intensity, Light Dimmer, opt coupler, Infrared.

INTERNAL GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS AND RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGY OF LISTED DEPOSITS MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA.

YAHAYA TUKUR

Department of Accountancy, School of Business and Management Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bali

Abstract

This study examines the impact of corporate governance mechanism on risk management of listed deposits money banks that are listed on the Nigeria Stock Exchange for the period 2011-2021. With respect to methodology, the study adopted ex-post facto research design because the study entails the use of annual report and accounts of the quoted deposits money Banks under study. In this study secondary data were used. The population of the study comprises of all the deposits money banks in Nigeria in which a sample of only the quoted deposits money Banks in the Nigerian stock exchange were used as at 31^st December 2021. The study covers a period of ten years between 2011 and 2021. Panel data analysis was employed adopting the Random-effect GLS regression technique to analyze data which were in time series simultaneously. The hypotheses were analysed and tested using Stata Version 12. The finding of the study reveals that board independence has positive impact on credit risk and liquidity risk. Board independence is also negatively significant to the capital risk in Nigeria. Regarding gender diversity, the study found that there is a positive relationship of GDB with capital risk, credit risk, and also positively significant to liquidity risk. Further findings equally suggest that there is a positive and significant impact of GDB with capital risk, credit risk, and also positively significant to liquidity risk. In line with the findings, this research therefore, concludes that companies must also be individually involved in risk management responsibilities otherwise; banks may have a low reputation, low profits, and low resources. Base on the conclusion above, this study recommends that, on the board size banks should maintain relatively small board size dominated by outside directors within the provisions of the code of corporate governance for banks but the board should comprise of members, who are conversant with oversight function and having capacity to analyzed risk as well as to add significant value in decision making toward achieving greater performance.

Keywords: corporate, governance, banks, board, mechanisms

DESIRABILITY ANALYSIS OF AMARANTHUS HYPOCHONDRIACUS AT SELECTED WATER STRESS

AWONIYI, G. O¹., ADENIRAN, K. A², AWONIYI, K. P³

¹Department of Agricultural and Bio-environmental Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State, Nigeria. ²Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin, Nigeria. ³Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.

Abstract

This research work was aimed at determining the best desirable water stress for optimum irrigation water needed for the growth of Amaranth hypochondriacus. The yield obtained from four classes of water stress irrigation water methodology for the amaranth plant were analyzed using design expert software based on the category classification of the individual treatments blocks. The four water stresses base on field capacity (FC) irrigation methodology adopted were 60% FC, 70% FC, 80% FC and 90% FC. Individual composite treatments desirabilities were compared to determine the comparative better treatment. Irrigation at 90% FC gave the highest desirability of 0.832, followed by 80% FC with 0.544 desirability, 70% with 0.287 desirability, and least in 60% FC with desirability of 0.111 of the maximum attainable desirability of 1. The desirability is a confirmation of the mean yield of the selected water treatments which had the highest at 90% FC (29.3 ton/ha) followed by 80% FC (23.3 ton/ha), 70% FC (17.8 ton/ha) and least at 60% FC (14.2 ton/ha). Analysis carried out on the yield obtained from the water treatment confirmed that the best desirability is obtainable at the maximum possible FC capacity irrigation.

UNLOCKING SUB-SAHARA AFRICAN POTENTIALS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY

SANI, GAMBO SANI

Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi.

Abstract

Global policy discussions center on sustainable development. This is due to the fact that it highlights the importance of developing countries’ social, economic, and environmental concerns for their overall wellbeing. Therefore, the topic of this essay was how to maximize Sub-Saharan Africa’s potential for sustainable development in the twenty-first century. There are several positive and negative aspects of Sub-Saharan Africa’s experience with sustainable development. Keeping in mind that the continent of Sub-Saharan Africa has one of the world’s fastest expanding economies. It is blessed with good weather, a sizable agricultural area, and the necessary abundance of natural and human resources. Africa is viewed as a land of outstanding as a result. Though most

KEY WORDS: Sub-Sahara African, Sub-Sahara African Potentials, Sustainable development, 21^st Century.

EVALUATION OF EARTHING SYSTEM IN FEDERAL POLYTECHNICS BALI TARABA STATE NIGERIA

MAMUDA TANIMU

Federal Polytechnics Bali Taraba State Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the evaluation of earthing system in Federal Polytechnics Bali Taraba State Nigeria. The earthing system at strategic areas/location ( Thunder/Lightning arrester, building resistance and generator at Electrical and Electronic Engineering department, Senator Abubakar Tutare auditorium, ICT complex Building and administrative block) in federal polytechnic bali were evaluated. The earthing resistance of each areas/locations were tested, all earthing resistance were measured using earthing tester for a period of twelve month (January 2021 to December 2021). The data of all areas/locations were collected and each locations earthing resistance was calculated. However, earthing resistance values varies with the season of the year, it is high during the dry season and low during the raining season due to moisture content. The value of the earth resistance depends largely on the type and resistivity of soil. The minimum earth resistance of 2.0 ohms and below was used as a standard as stipulated by (NEMSA) Nigeria Electricity Management Services Agency. To evaluate the earthing system of the selected locations. From the results there was an indication that most of the earthing system tested might have depreciated due to ageing.

Keywords: Earthing; Earthing Resistance; Earth System; Lightning Arrester; Resistivity.

EVALUATION OF DOUBLE SKIN FACADE AS HEAT MODULATORS FOR OFFICE BUILDINGS IN KANO STATE

LAWAL L.; AND EZE C.J.

Department of Architecture, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

The hot dry climate of Nigeria is characterized by a period of high temperature and low relative humidity in which daily mean maximum indoor temperature for most buildings reaches about 37°C with low indoor air velocity. As such, some buildings tend to fulfil thermal requirements through dependence on mechanical means of cooling to solve overheating. This results in exorbitant cost which is disadvantageous specifically in profit oriented buildings like office buildings where user comfort dictates the level of performance. This study investigates the effectiveness of double-skin facades (DSFs) as heat modulators in the context of office buildings in Kano State. Through a comprehensive analysis of climatic conditions, building energy performance, and occupant comfort, the study assesses the practicality and benefits of integrating DSFs in the region. The research design employs explanatory and experimental approach whereby, simulation tools, and empirical data are used to evaluate the thermal performance, energy efficiency, and environmental impact of DSFs, providing valuable insights for architects, designers, and policymakers involved in sustainable building practices within Kano State. Double skin facade can increase indoor thermal comfort in a building, with wider air gaps improving the overall performance of office buildings and workers productivity. Simulation results show the behaviours of a single skin façade of a selected case study to obtain the hourly temperature of hottest day of the year in Kano and the result were obtained given the discomfort hours for ground floor as 822 hours, first floor 795hours  and second floor 770 hours respectively.  Similarly, it was observed that a base case setup of 15 storey of varying cavity depths of 450mm, 600mm and 750mm were simulated. The predicted results stated that the 750mm walling setup double skin façade perform best in the hot dry climate of Kano given a great reduction in discomfort of 505hours. Conclusively, the ability of designers to harness and use the building envelope is crucial for achieving thermal comfort in hot and dry climates. Meanwhile, passive strategies such as natural ventilation, daylighting, and solar heat gain can also be incorporated into the fabric of the building. Based on these findings, the study recommends the adoption of double skin facade designs for office buildings in Kano State, as they can provide efficient thermal comfort and energy savings.

IMPACT OF PASSIVE COOLING STRAGEGIES IN THE DESIGN OF A CONVENTION CENTRE IN LOKOJA, KOGI STAE

AKPA, E.; AND ABDULRAHMAN, M.E.

Department of Architecture, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.

Abstract

The building sector is globally recognized as a major contributor to energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. According to the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) Sustainable Construction and Building Initiative (SCBI). 30% to 40% of global energy use comes from the building sector. In the most developing countries, particularly those in tropical regions such as Nigeria, the challenge of energy consumption in buildings is further intensified by extreme high temperatures and intense solar radiation, which drives the need to use more energy within the buildings. This paper aims to achieve thermal comfort by examining the most effective passive cooling strategies for convention centre buildings in Nigeria. A descriptive survey method was adopted, using a structured questionnaire where building professionals were examined to state based on experience the most effective passive cooling techniques in building designs. A total of 504 questionnaires were distributed throughout the study population, with 384 successfully recovered. The assessment included several aspects of passive cooling techniques such as natural ventilation, building orientation and form, landscaping, waterbody features and evaporative cooling. The result of the investigation pertaining to the building orientation among the respondents indicate that it is the most important factor securing the top rank with a Weighted Score of 1636 and a Relative Importance Index of 0.8521. Adequate landscaping closely follows, emphasizing its vital role in maintaining thermal comfort within convention centers, earning the second rank with a Weighted Score of 1630 and a Relative Importance Index of 0.8490. Additionally, highlighting the necessity of thermal comfort in buildings secured the third position, tied with another statement underscoring the role of natural ventilation in reducing energy consumption within convention centers. Both statements share the same Weighted Score of 1618 and a Relative Importance Index of 0.8427. The findings suggests that proper care should be taken for choosing the various cooling methods to be adopted as these cooling methods are climate-specific. This would guide architects, engineers, and policymakers in making informed decisions about integrating passive cooling strategies, promoting occupant comfort while reducing reliance on mechanical cooling systems. Conversely, this research advances the knowledge on sustainable architecture and encourages the adoption of passive cooling strategies in similar climatic regions.

Keywords: Passive cooling, Sustainability, Energy consumption, Convention centre.

INTEGRATION OF LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS IN THE DESIGN OF PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN MINNA NIGER STATE.

MOSES P. E.; AND CHARLES M

Department of Architecture, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Landscaping is an integral part of our culture and plays an essential role in the quality of our environment, economic wellbeing of the people, as well as their physical and psychological health. Landscape is one of the most cost-effective tools for improving and sustaining the quality of the environment whether in the school environment, the city, the suburbs or the country. The function of landscape at schools are not just to beautify the surrounding and to provide shade but it should also assist the students’ learning process and to encourage them to love and appreciate the environment. This project aims to assess the provision of landscape elements in public secondary schools as a means to facilitate students learning and improve overall well-being. The main objectives of this study are to investigate the contribution of landscape elements in the design of secondary school in Minna, Niger State, and to examine the specific functions of landscape in assisting the learning process and improving students’ wellbeing.  In this project, we examined a set of secondary schools in Minna, Niger State chosen randomly. Primary data was gathered by using questionnaires, conducting case studies, and making personal observations. Secondary data was also gathered from existing literature. The findings of the study showed that a majority of the public secondary schools in the study area lack proper landscaping, which negatively impacts the students’ learning experience by depriving them of a conducive environment, connection with nature, and aesthetic appeal. Therefore, the researcher suggests that school administrators should prioritize the implementation of high-quality landscaping in public schools. This would not only improve the learning process but also contribute to the students’ overall health and well-being. Additionally, it would foster an appreciation for the beauty of nature from an early age.

Keywords: Landscape Elements, Secondary Schools, Student wellbeing, academic performance

EVALUATION OF NATURAL COOLING STRATEGIES OF FACULTY BUILDINGS IN NIGERIA: THE CASE FOR SUSTAINABLE FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE

OBIDEYI T. O. AND AKANDE O. K.

Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

This paper addresses the critical role of sustainable design in promoting energy efficiency in educational structures, with a specific focus on faculty buildings. Given the challenges posed by high energy consumption in these buildings, driven by factors such as energy-intensive equipment and extended operational hours, the study investigates users’ perceptions of the efficiency of natural cooling strategies in Nigerian faculty buildings. Acknowledging the intricate relationship between thermal comfort and sustainable design, the research employs a quantitative approach, gathering insights from both staff and students through distributed questionnaires in two Nigerian universities. The robust 82% response rate from 328 returned surveys, coupled with secondary data, reveals the significance of design elements like tree shade, window placement, and functional corridors in establishing sustainable and comfortable learning environments. The study identifies variations in the effectiveness of natural cooling strategies, emphasizing the necessity for customized solutions. Thermal buffers and strategic site planning are notably found to contribute to reducing energy consumption and enhancing indoor comfort in faculty buildings. The research advocates for tailored, context-specific sustainable building designs to address environmental concerns and promote healthier indoor environments in faculty buildings. It recommended continued exploration of natural cooling strategies in future studies for advancing energy-efficient and comfortable design of faculty buildings.

Keywords: educational buildings, energy efficiency, natural cooling strategies, sustainable faculty buildings, user perception.

DESIGN STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE HOTEL BUILDINGS’ RESILIENCE TO EARTHQUAKE IN NIGERIA

SOLOMON, D AND OLAGUNJU, R. E.

Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

A hotel building acts as a multidisciplinary property that provides facilities and services to temporary guests; it serves as a foundation of the hospitality sector. Among the many dangers facing hotel structures, earthquakes constitute a significant risk, especially in areas prone or susceptible to seismic activity. The aim of this study is to examine the design strategies to improve hotel buildings’ resilience to earthquake in Nigeria. The research method employed in this study is the qualitative research method and observation was used as instrument for data collection. These data were gathered from hotel buildings that are being designed with earthquake resilient measures through purposive sampling techniques; this technique is suitable for selecting from a widespread of samples. The analysis of these data was done using content analysis on publication sources which where then further analyzed and presented using tables, and charts and the results revealed that 70.71% of the structural system of the sampled hotel buildings are made of reinforced concrete, 15.73% use of steel trusses, short beams and columns, 7.8% of basement floors, 5.34% built with base isolations/dampers and 0.42% use of buckle bracings. Based on the findings, this study recommends that hotel buildings should carry out seismic hazard assessments, make use of structural systems such as steel and reinforced concrete structural systems, develop open plans for hotels with base isolators/energy dissipating tools, ensure proper bracing of the hotel buildings, and create an emergency action plan that addresses safe spaces and evacuation protocols as well as install solid communication channels to alert personnel and visitors to an earthquake and informing emergency services.

Keywords: earthquake, hotel building, resilience, design strategies,

APPRAISING THE BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES OF IMPLEMENTING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE NIGERIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY.

NKOLLO, O. W.; AND SAIDU, I.

Department of Quantity Surveying, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

The construction industry is currently experiencing a transformation from traditional, hierarchically organised construction sites to digital and more autonomous ones. A shift is taking place, and the development of digital is advancing so fast that the industry struggles to keep up. In view of this, the study was aimed at appraising the benefits and challenges of implementing artificial intelligence in the Nigerian construction industry. The study adopted a mixed-methods research design that combined both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The research population for the quantitative data was the 255 construction firms registered with the Abuja Business Directory. Out of which, a sample size of 150 was obtained. While the population for the qualitative data were construction professionals domiciled in Abuja, using the simple random sampling method, the collected data from the questionnaire were analysed using the mean item score (RII), and the qualitative analysis was done using interviews and analysis carried out using deductive analysis. The study revealed that 46.7% of the sampled professionals were not aware of the implementation of AI in industry. The findings revealed the most important benefit of artificial intelligence (AI) implementation in the construction industry is “job creation” (MIS = 4.55). The findings revealed the most significant challenges faced in the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the construction industry: “AI technologies require high initial costs to obtain accurate data” (MIS = 4.60). It was therefore concluded that the application of AI tools would significantly improve practices on construction sites in Abuja. There is therefore a need for construction firms to embrace the use of AI tools to improve the safety performance and practices of their employees. It was recommended that the majority of construction professionals have insufficient knowledge about the use of AI tools at building sites. Consequently, it is necessary to arrange seminars, workshops, and conferences to enlighten these experts about the advantages of using AI tools on construction sites.

Keywords: Assessment, Artificial Intelligence, Construction Industry, Implementation

PERFORMANCE AND EMPLOYEE RESOURCING STRATEGIES IN SELECTED BREWERY FIRMS IN SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA

AYOZIE EMMANUEL ACHIOLE

Department of Business Management, Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

This study examined the performance and employee resourcing strategies in selected brewery firms in South-East Nigeria. The study adopted the simple linear correlation research design. The population of the study consists of the management and staff of selected brewery firms, with a total of 750. A sample size of 261 was determined using the Slovin’s formula. The Cronbach Alpha statistic was used to obtain index coefficient values of 0.817, 0.823, 0.735 and 0.769 for dependent variable and independent variables respectively as the instrument reliability ratio. The data set was first subjected to normality test for the residual term using the Anderson-Darling Statistic, but the result revealed that the normality assumption was not satisfied for the three independent variables; hence the introduction of parametric regression analysis technique (Theil regression) was appropriately employed. The research questions were answered with Spearman rank correlation coefficient so as to establish the relationship between the dependent and independent variables in the study. The hypotheses were tested with Theil regression technique so as to measure the “significance” of the degree of relationships existing between the dependent and independent variables. The analysis was enabled by the use of R-Studio and Minitab software packages. The study concluded that a very high positive relationship existed between employee resourcing (employee recruitment, employee selection) and performance of selected brewery firms, while a high positive relationship existed between employee resourcing (employee career development) and performance of selected brewery firms. It was further concluded that a significant relationship existed between employee resourcing (employee recruitment, employee selection and employee career development) and performance of brewery firms. The study recommended among others that employers should aim to develop a selection strategy that will ensure that only competent and professionally qualified employees are selected to ensure the optimum performance of brewery companies.

Keywords: Employee Carrier, Employee Recruitment, Employee Selection, Brewery, Organizational Performance, South-East Nigeria

MITIGATING THE EFFECTS OF IMPERFECT SUCCESSIVE INTERFERENCE CANCELLATION (SIC) ON NON-ORTHOGONAL MULTIPLE ACCESS (NOMA) SYSTEMS

SULE ENEMAKWU ¹, ABUBAKAR SADDIQ MOHAMMED ² AND UMAR SULEIMAN DAUDA ³

^1,2Department of Telecommunications Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. ³Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.

Abstract

The study delves into the impact of imperfect Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) on Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) system performance in wireless communication. The study focused on evaluating the effects of imperfect SIC on metrics like achievable rate and bit error rate and seeks to mitigate these effects using a TDMA-NOMA approach. This approach combines NOMA and orthogonal methods and investigates user pairing based on distance in a TDMA-integrated context. The findings reveal that Single Carrier (SC) NOMA performs poorly compared to TDMA due to interference from loading users onto a single carrier. However, pairing near and far users significantly improves the sum rate, emphasizing the benefits of distinct channel conditions. Furthermore, the Near-Near and Far-Far pairings in NOMA outperform TDMA, indicating the significance of user pairing for system efficiency. For enhancing imperfect SIC management, the study suggests exploring machine learning algorithms for adaptive decision-making. The study introduced a TDMA-NOMA pairing technique and evaluated its performance in various fading channels, and underscores the importance of intelligent user pairing for optimizing wireless communication efficiency. The findings reveal that the Near – Far pairing performs 10.01% better than Near – Near, Far – Far pairing across all the SNR levels and all Transmit Power levels, , , and  underperforms  by 0.7743% in achievable data rate.

Keywords: NOMA, TDMA, Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC), User Pairing

EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF CAPITAL ACCOUNT LIBERALIZATION AND THE PERFORMANCE OF THE FINANCIAL SECTOR IN NIGERIA

DR STANLEY C. UDEGBULE

TopFaith University, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Abstract

Capital account liberalization, according to the classical theory (and other theories) would lead to financial development and economic growth through the flow of capital from developed economies to the developing economies. This study examined the impact of capital account liberalization and financial development in Nigeria. The study used the Ordinary least Square (OLS) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) techniques, while annual time series secondary data spanning between 1980 to 2019 was explored. The Johnson co-integration, ECM and GARCH models were carried out. The result showed a bidirectional relationship between economic growth and financial development indicators for banking system and a unidirectional casualty that flows from economic growth to equity market. The result of the study is in conformity with the endogenous growth model which supports development of a vibrant financial sector as a key to fund mobilization. The paper, among others, recommends that, the existing capital liberation should be sustained, however, monetary authorities should initiate appropriate instrument to capture financial transactions in the informal financial sector.

Keywords: Capital account, liberalization, financial sector, financial development, economic development.

EFFECTS OF BIO-CHAR ON GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF LATERITIC SOIL

^[1] F.E EZE, ^[1] OKEKE E.C., ^[2] C.V ARINZE. ^[3] T.E ADEJUMO

^[1] Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna. ^[2]Department of Civil Engineering, Akanu Ibiam Federal polytechnic, Uwanna. ^[3]Department of Mechanical Engineering, Akanu Ibiam Federal polytechnic, Uwanna

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the effect of biochar on geotechnical properties of lateritic soil, The soil sample was collected from Taliba Farm, Along Bida Road Minna, Niger state. The laboratory test performed on the natural soil sample are Natural moisture Content, Grain size analysis, specific gravity, Atterberg limit, compaction and California bearing ratio test. The soil was classified as A-7-6 according to AASHTO soil classification system, on the basis of this test the study recommended the natural soil to be stabilized. Biochar at 5,10,15 and 20% was then used as admixture for stabilization. The results show that the plastic index increased from 10.68 to 19.45 at 5%. For compaction parameters (using BSH energy level), the maximum dry density gradual reduces from 1.96 -1.86 kg/m^3, while the optimum moisture increases from 17.60 – 20.20 %. For both soaked and unsoaked California Bearing ratio values using BSL energy level, there was increment from 3.5 to 96 at 15% while the soaked value increased from 1 to 14.25

Keywords: Geotechnical properties, Bio-char, California bearing ratio

STAFF REMUNERATION AND PERFORMANCE OF PLASTIC MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN IMO AND ABIA STATES, NIGERIA

*UBAH CHUKWUDI NELSON, Ph.D.; **IWUOHA BENNETT C.; & ***OBIJURU STELLA NKECHI

*Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria. **Department of Marketing, School of Business and Management Technology, Imo State Polytechniic, Omuma, Imo State, Nigeria. ***School of General Studies, Imo State Polytechnic, Omuma, Imo State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the relationship between staff remuneration and performance of plastic manufacturing firms in Imo and Abia States, Nigeria. The design adopted was survey; questionnaire was used as an instrument of data collection. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using Mean Statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (at 0.05% level of significance) through SPSS version 21.0. The study showed that employee commission significantly leads to customer acquisition; employee commission significantly leads to customer patronage; there is significant relationship between bonuses and customer patronage; there is significant relationship between bonuses and customer acquisition; there is significant relationship between salary and customer acquisition; and there is significant effect of salaries on customer patronage. The study concludes that the achievement of sustainable performance in manufacturing firms depends on employee motivation which could be achieved through employee commission, bonuses, salaries and fringe benefits. The study recommends that manufacturing firms should develop sustainable employee commission plan so as to motivate workers and achieve customer acquisition. Again, business firms should design employee commission and expose the workers on how to benefit from such plan so as to achieve improve sales performance in the business.

Key Words: Staff Remuneration, Performance, Plastic, Manufacturing Firms, Employee Commission, Customer Acquisition, Customer Patronage, Bonuses and Salary.

DESIGNING A COMPACT SINGLE FEED BROADBAND MM-WAVE ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS MOBILE APPLICATION USING HYBRID EBD AND DGS TECHNIQUE

¹SAFIYA YUSUF; ²A. D. USMAN; & ³YARO A. S

¹Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering. Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna. ^2,3Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering. Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria

Abstract

This paper introduces a compact high-gain microstrip patch antenna designed to enhance bandwidth and cater to 5G applications. The antenna comprises five layers and utilizes a single-feed off-centered microstrip transmission line, operating within the 32 GHz to 40 GHz millimeter-wave band. To boost its performance, a hybrid Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) and Defected Ground Structure (DGS) are incorporated. The design enhancements involve the integration of two L-shaped elements on the radiating element, as well as the addition of four-square elements and two rectangular element slots at the center and edge of the ground plane. The antenna is constructed using Rogers RT Duroid 5880 as the substrate material, possessing a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.0009, with a height of 0.254 mm. The antenna’s compact structure measures 4.9 mm × 4.9 mm × 0.254 mm, equivalent to 0.92× g × 0.05g. This compact size is ideal for miniaturization. Simulations were performed using Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio 2019 (CST MWS). The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed antenna achieves a maximum gain of 6.97 dBi and boasts a wide bandwidth spanning 7.9 GHz while maintaining a return loss of less than -10 dB. This research findings address the demand for increased gain and extended bandwidth in millimeter-wave bands, aligning perfectly with the requirements of 5G applications.

Keywords: CST, EBG, DGS, 5G, Antenna

FACTORS AFFECTING PUBLIC HOUSING PROVISION AND AFFORDABILITY IN KADUNA METROPOLIS

RAHMA GOBIR

ABSTRACT

The study aimed at examining the contribution of state government in housing provision in Kaduna with a view to identifying the level of affordability, satisfaction and factors affecting the provision of affordable housing in the state. The study analysed 250 and 90 returned questionnaires administered to the occupants of housing estate provided by the state government in Kaduna North and Kaduna South respectively using both descriptive and inferential methods of analysis. The four factors identified includes Cost, program-design and  administrative factors, finance and physical Factors, economic and legal factors and affordability and bureaucratic factor. The study concludes that level of affordability to housing is very low as the income level of majority occupant is considered meager and the use of indigenous building materials is recommended to addressing increasing cost of housing.

Keywords: housing, Provision, Affordability, factor analysis

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OPERATIONAL INNOVATION AND MSMES PERFORMANCE IN YOBE STATE NIGERIA

UMAR GARBA ADAMU; & MOHAMMED GIRGIR

Department of Marketing, School of Business and Administrative Studies, Mai Idris Alooma Polytechnic Geidam Yobe State Nigeria.

Abstract

Poor marketing strategy has been found to be one of the most common issues confronting Micro Small and M Enterprises. The study was conducted to determine the relationship between operational innovation and performance of MSMEs in three local government of Yobe State Nigeria. Simple random sampling was used in selecting questionnaire respondents. Sample sizes of 90 respondents were selected for the study using Yamane (1967) formula. The returned questionnaires were later analysed using Pearson correlation. Findings revealed that, significant positive relationship exists between the dependent and independent variables. The study concluded that MSMEs should aspire to integrate this into their business lines. At the same time, more work should be conducted to investigate other areas of operational innovations to provide a thorough understanding of the concepts that could lead to better outcomes for the MSMEs.

Keywords: product innovation; pricing innovation; promotion innovation.

A ROLE OF MASS MEDIA: A CASE STUDY OF DEMOCRACY IN  NIGERIA

YUSUF ISMAIL IMAM; & ABDULKARIM USMAN

General Studies Department, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi State, Nigeria

Abstract

This paper has been observed the role of mass media in Nigeria. The role played by the mass media in sustaining democracy cannot be over-emphasised. The primary responsibilities of the mass media is to entertain, enlighten, and inform based on accurate facts and to educate on current relevant issues. All these can be sub-zoomed to sustenance of democracy. This paper addresses issues and role of mass media in Nigeria in line with the current political and historical trends in Nigeria. The paper used secondary sources of data collection and is qualitative in design. The paper recognises the mass media as unique with significance role in establishing and sustaining democracy in Nigeria. The paper identifies multi-party system as one of the requisites for democracy in multi-ethnic structure in Nigeria, and mass media as an indispensable element of democratic sustenance in Nigeria, but mass media is greatly undermined by government policies, shortage of funds, ethno-regional and religious sentiments, as well as political affiliations and influences. The paper makes some recommendations including; increased civic education, religious enlightenment, control of religious programmes and political activities in Nigeria.

Keywords: Democracy, educate, mass media, multi-party system, multi-ethnic structure, Nigeria.

HABITAT SUITABILITY ANALYSIS FOR RED-BILLED QUELEA (QUELEA QUELEA) USING ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) AND GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES IN HADEJIA-NGURU WETLANDS AREA OF NORTH -EAST NIGERIA, IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT.

*MOHAMMED INUSA NGURU, ***PUAN CHONG LEONG. **M.H. ISMAIL; AND ***NORIZAH K.

*School of Sciences, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Mai Idris Alooma Polytechnic P.M.B. 1020 Geidam, Yobe State, Nigeria. **Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University, Gashua. ***Department of Forestry Science and Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry and Environment University Putra Malaysia.

Abstract

In this study Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and overlay weight analysis in ArcGIS software were used to generate the Red-billed Quelea sustainability maps for the Hadejia-Nguru wetlands area in Northern Nigeria. A total of nine factors that contribute to the species Habitat suitability namely: – Land use land cover, Type of vegetation, Height of vegetation, size of colony, status of colony, vegetation density, estimated population, stage of crop growth and water depth and accessibility were integrated in GIS environment and AHP was applied to rate the individual classes of each factor and weight the impact of one factor against the other to determine the weighted contribution or importance to the species habitat suitability. Basically, all the nine factors for wildlife suitability were converted into raster and combine by using weight overlays in ArcMap with weights from the AHP which are based on the distribution of each class of habitat factors to generate the final thematic map for Red-billed Quelea habitat suitability map. The data used were sentinel 2 image of 2017 of the study area, Google earth and GPS point locations. As usual running habitat suitability model requires estimation of weights by expertise for each individual criterion on GIS software. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to classify the Hadejia-Nguru wetlands and its environments into classes from highly suitable habitat, moderately suitable, less suitable to not suitable habitat for the Red-billed Quelea species. It was shown that 13.90 % of the study area covers highly suitable area with an area coverage of 13816.3 hectares, about 23.68 % comprises of moderately suitable area with an area coverage of 23531.5 hectares, about 36.52 % of the study area covers less suitable habitat with an area coverage of 36296.3 Hectares and 25.88 % of the area covers not suitable habitat with an area coverage of 25725.4 hectares. The study highlights the potentiality of remote sensing, GIS and AHP in habitat suitability evaluation with minimal efforts and financial budget.

Keywords: Habitat suitability, Red-billed Quelea, Typha, vegetation, Analytical hierarchy process (AHP)

ANALYZING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTEREST RATE VOLATILITY AND COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT RATE OF RETURNS IN UYO, AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA.

AKPAN, KUFRE, ISOK ANIEDI; AND RAPHAEL, NYENEIME

Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State.

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of interest rate volatility on commercial real estate investment returns in Uyo from 2008 to 2022. Despite escalating property demands, the impact of interest rate volatility on real estate investments is often overlooked by investors. Previous research on residential real estate indicated a positive correlation between interest rate volatility and returns but lacked adequate matching pace between returns and interest rate increases. While acknowledging the burgeoning demand in commercial real estate and Uyo’s emergence as a real estate market, this study seeks to fill the gap by examining interest rate effects on commercial properties. To achieve this, the rate of returns of 300 commercial properties were computed. The study compares returns on shops and offices, tracks interest rate fluctuations, and conducts an EGARCH analysis to explore volatility impacts. The analysis of interest rates from 2008 to 2022 revealed a tumultuous macroeconomic environment, with substantial spikes and trends, notably during economic recessions and the COVID-19 pandemic. The trend analysis indicated steady growth in commercial property returns, punctuated by downturns associated with economic crises. The results of the EGARCH model suggested the existence of volatility in commercial real estate returns due to interest rate fluctuations. However, the magnitude of this volatility was statistically insignificant, indicating a low impact on investment returns. In conclusion, both interest rates and commercial real estate returns exhibited volatility but showcased a positive trend over the study period. Despite interest rate volatility, its direct effect on returns remained statistically insignificant. The study recommends portfolio diversification, continuous monitoring of economic indicators, further research on factors affecting volatility, and governmental measures to control interest rate spikes to aid informed decision-making for real estate investors.

Keywords: Analyzing, Commercial Real Estate, Interest Rate, Rate of Returns and Volatility

IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON AGRICULTURAL AND MANUFACTURING OUTPUT IN NIGERIA

ADEAGBO, KHADIJAT AYOBAMI; AND JIMOH, OLUSHOLA RASHEED

Department of Accountancy, the Polytechnic, Ibadan

Abstract

Inadequate funds which affected the nation’s productivity has attracted attention of citizens of developing economy. Foreigners had been injecting funds to Sub-Sahara nations and had not impact growth of agricultural and manufacturing outputs. The study tends to add to body of knowledge by examining the impact of foreign direct investment on agricultural and manufacturing outputs in Nigeria from 2017 to 2022.  The study employed Ex-post Facto research design and judgmental sampling technique in choosing the years analyzed. Secondary source of data collection was employed and obtained from the Federal Inland Revenue Service and CBN Statistical Bulletin. The period covered were six years. Data were analysed with the use of descriptive and inferential statistics. The study model expressed the impact of foreign direct investment and other variables on agricultural and manufacturing sector outputs using Augmented Dickey Fully (ADF) test and Engle Granger Co-integration for unit root and stationarity among the time series variables used for this analysis. It was discovered that foreign direct investment negatively impact both manufacturing and agricultural output. Thus, FDI has been biased in favour of the extractive industry, hence its impact on manufacturing and agricultural output is insignificant. The study recommends amongst others, that the government should make policy to attract more foreign direct investment into the manufacturing and agricultural sectors by creating incentives which will favour and attract more investor. Also, these sectors should be properly developed to take care of many people especially the poor.

Keywords: Agricultural output, Exchange rate, FDI, Manufacturing output.

EFFECT OF FINANCING OPTION SOURCES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN–OWNED MICRO AND SMALL SCALE BUSINESSES IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA.

*DR AGUBEAGUYE SOLOMON; & **HALIRU MUSA HUSSAINI

*Department of Social Development, Isa Mustapha Agwai 1 Polytechnic, Lafia, Nasarawa State. **Department of Business Administration and Management, Isa Muatapha AgwaiPolytechnic, Lafia, Nasarawa State.

Abstract

Financing options of raising funds are important factor to the performance, growth and survival of micro and small businesses operation in the society. Looking at its importance, many women who owned micro and small scale businesses resulted into personal saving sources, friends and family sources, micro finance sources and co – operatives’ societies sources of financing options to enhance their performance in Nigeria. It was observed that women owned businesses in Nasarawa state are underperforming due to lack of utilizing financing option sources of personal saving, friends and family, micro finance banks and co-operative societies and so on to boost and enhance their growth and performance. This study is aimed at examine the effect of financing option sources on performance of women-owned micro and small scale businesses in Nasarawa state. The population sample of three hundred and twenty eight (328) was considered for this study, which was selected through purposive sampling procedure. And structured questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection and the data collected were presented and analyzed through mean and standard deviation and partial least square structural equations modeling and testing of research hypothesis respectively. The study revealed that utilization of financing option sources of funds have positive effect on the performance, growth and survival of women- owned micro and small scale businesses in Nasarawa state. Therefore study recommended that women who owned micro and small scale businesses should utilize financing option sources of raising funds to finances their businesses as to burst their performance and growth as well to survive the competitive market in operations in Nasarawa State and Nigeria at large.

ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND SANITATION IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN KONTAGORA TOWN:  EXPLORING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL

¹IWALAIYE ELIZABETH MAYOKUN (Ph.D), ² AROWOLO JACOB GBEMIGA (Ph.D) ³MOHAMMED BABA JIBRIL, ⁴SHU’AIBU DABO, ⁵SUBERU HABIBAT, ⁶ GARBA MURJANATU AYAWA

¹³⁴⁵⁶Department of Geography, School of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal College of Education, Kontagora, Niger State. ²Department of Integrated Science, School of Sciences, Federal College of Education, Kontagora, Niger State

Abstract

This study assessed the environment and sanitation of Universal Basic Education (UBE) primary schools in Kontagora town. A cluster sampling was used to select 50 participants. Three research questions and two hypotheses were addressed in the study. The techniques employed are the administration of questionnaire, interviews and non-participant observations. The instruments were validated and their reliability indices for the questionnaire and interview are 0.77and 0.68 while the observation’s inter-rater yielded 0.72. The data obtained were analysed using percentage and Chi-square. The research findings show that government’s commitment and the will to embrace school environment and sanitation services delivery was very slow; the school facility and environment was under poor safety condition, protection and maintenance; there was poor environment and school sanitation in almost all the schools sampled; government participation in renovating the school environment was rather slow; funding of the school facilities remained inadequate and often delayed; the schools also lacked adequate chairs and tables in their classrooms; the environment did not promote learning by the pupils and the pupils learning depended on good sanitation. These findings call for the need for sensitization and awareness at community level, school level and government level on the insufficient facilities infrastructure and sanitation matter. More and reliable funding and supervision of the various schools should be enforced to aid effective service delivery in the schools.

Key words: Environment, Facilities, Learning, Sanitation, Schools,

UNLOCKING NIGERIA’S POTENTIAL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH REAL ESTATE.

ADELEKE, MOSES ADEGBILE

Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Oke Ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Abstract

The foundation of international economic policy is sustainable development. It places a strong emphasis on resilient, equitable or universal development. It also emphasizes the necessity of social, economic, and environmental factors for developing nations to achieve a high standard of living. There are a lot of positive and negative stories with regard to the new sustainable development in Africa. Considering that Nigeria’s economy is among the fastest growing in the globe. It is fortunate to have nice weather, a large agricultural area, and enough supply of competent personnel and natural resources. Unlocking the limitless potential of real estate is an important instrument for the sustainable development of developing nations like Nigeria, whose economies are in turmoil due to a variety of issues such as high levels of corruption, an over-reliance on oil and gas revenues, and a lack of knowledge on the part of both the government and the populace regarding real estate potential. Because of the inadequate management of real estate potential, Nigeria is also regarded as an area of excellence. The current toll of property decline is being felt. Real estate potential analysis was therefore crucial to Nigeria’s achievement of sustainable growth.

Key Words: Sustainable development, Africa, Real Estate, Real Estate Potentials, Nigeria.

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOTIVATION AND TEACHER’S CLASSROOM PRACTICE ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PERSONS WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT IN ONDO STATE NIGERIA

AJAGBE, S. W. (PhD); YEKINNI, L. O.; BAKARE, A. O.; KAZEEM R.A.; & MUIB-DEEN I. A.

Department of Educational Psychology, Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo

Abstract

One of the strong variables believed to have effect on the academic performance of students is teacher’s classroom practice. That is, the teacher’s ability to manage his or her classroom as this behavior is believed to have effect on student’s academic performance. Student achievement can be regarded as the most important output of education. Expectations and pursuit of different groups such as students, families and educators in terms of achievement have resulted in various studies by researchers focus on factors that explain student performance without much considerations to the academic performance of students with hearing impairment especially in the elementary level of education. Therefore, this study set to examine motivation of teachers and teacher’s classroom practice as determinants of academic performance of students with hearing impairment in basic schools in Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. consequently, one hundred students with hearing impairment was randomly selected from Basic One to Five from Ondo State School for the Handicapped, Akure. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. It was found that there were significant relationship between classroom practice and rate of academic performance of pupils with hearing impairment in basic science. That is, classroom practice correlates with rate of academic performance of pupils (r=0.896, P<0.05). It was concluded that proper classroom practice and adequate motivations go a long way to remediate low academic performance of pupils with hearing impairment. Among others, it was recommended that routine classroom supervision by Head Teachers should be encouraged in order to improve the type of classroom practice of teachers such that the academic performance of pupils with hearing impairment will be improved.

Keywords: Motivation, Classroom practice, Academic performance, Hearing impairment

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE OF FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE BIDA, NIGER STATE.

¹MOHAMMED ALHAJI YAKPE; ²USMAN ALHAJI BABA; & ³MUSA IBRAHIM

¹Department of Business Administration and Management, Niger State Polytechnic Zungeru,Bida –Campus ^2,3Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal Polytechnic Bida-Niger State

Abstract

Occupational health and safety management reduces environmental hazards, industrial accident, disease pandemics and enhance employees’ performance in organization. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of occupational health and safety management on employees’ performance in Federal Medical Centre, Bida-Niger state of Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive methodology and survey design. An online Raosoft sample size calculator was used to determine a sample size of 117 from 278 population. Therefore 117 questionnaires were administered to the selected essential staff of FMC, Bida comprising of Doctors, Nurses, Science laboratorist, Pharmacist using stratified random sampling technique at convenient. Data collected were presented in a frequency distribution tables, analysed and interpreted. The hypotheses were tested using linear regression statistical method (SPSS v22). The result revealed that occupational health and safety management (OHSM) in relations to sensitization programs, policy practices and sufficiency of the facilities affects employees’ performance. Hence recommends that the management of Federal Medical Centre, Bida should upholds employees sensitization programs, policy practices and sufficiency of the facilities of health and safety seriously to enhance employees’ performance.

Key words: Occupational, Health, Safety, Management, Employees’ performance

DETERMINANT OF FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC BALI LECTURERS USAGE OF MODERN TEACHING STRATEGIES

NNAJI FLORENCE OLUCHI

Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State, School of Bussiness and Management Technology, Department of Office Technology and Management.

Abstract

The study determined Federal Polytechnic Bali lecturers usage of modern teaching strategies. Modern teaching strategy is an effective approach that enables students to be globally competitive.  The strategy is used in teaching and learning to acquaint students with digital skills that are required in the modern business offices.  Three research questions guided the study and three hypotheses were tested.  Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study.  The studied innovative teaching strategies were classified into three, namely: blended learning, interactive learning and Artificial Intelligence in education. The population of the study comprised 419 lecturers in Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State. The simple random sampling technique was used to select 95 lecturers out of the population. The sample of the study was therefore, 95 lecturers.  A 45-item self-structured questionnaire titled Extent of Usage of Innovative Teaching Strategies Questionnaire (EUITSQ) was the instrument for data collection. The questionnaire was validated by three experts.  Cronbach Alpha reliability procedure was used to establish the internal consistency of the instrument and a reliability coefficient index of 0.82 was obtained.  Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while t-test was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 significant level.  The study found among others that lecturers combine both traditional in-class training and high-tech online teaching, lecturers are physically present to control over time during blended learning, they are physically present to place, path and pace lessons, AI makes students responsible for learning, lecturers create an environment where students feel encouraged to speak up. The study recommended among others that lecturers should update their knowledge on the different innovative teaching strategies so that they can use it to make recipients relevant after graduation., lecturers should always make use of the interactive learning strategy because it gives students the access to full participation in the lessons.

Keywords: Usage, Modern, Teaching, Strategies and AI.

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF WIRELESS THERMOMETER

MUSA UMAR

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State

Abstract

The importance of the measurement of body temperature cannot be overemphasis. A person body temperature says a lot about their health conditions. Most of the diseases or infections can be detected by a change in body temperature. The most common form of increased body temperature is fever. The effectiveness of treatment given to the patience can be known through measuring of temperature. It is that accompanying, every 1 rise in system temperature is a 10% rise in the enzymes – control chemical reaction. At temperature of 43 and above, enzymes denatured, provoking death a certainty. Therefore, the temperature of a body needs to be measured regularly using a thermometer. The liquid in glass thermometer applications has several limitations, such as limited temperature range and precision. Hence the need to develop a high precision wireless thermometer that can provide more accurate measurements. The wireless thermometer consists of two parts, the transmitter and the receiver. The transmitter senses the temperature rise through its sensor connected to it and sends it to the receiver to display it on the LCD (liquid crystal display).

Keywords: thermometer, temperature, wireless, transmitter, receiver.

THE IMPACT OF ENGLISH TENSE IN CONSTRUCTING SCIENTIFIC TEXTS: AN OVERVIEW OF PRESENT SIMPLE

BAMANGA ALIYU

General Studies Department, Federal Polytechnic, Bali

Abstract

This study portrays the use of present simple tense impact in constructing scientific text such as articles and more. Observation reveals that academics, students and other scientific writers struggle with the choice of an appropriate tense to be used when constructing academic texts. In essence to that, it is clear that researchers are quite battling with issues of inconsistency and lack of appropriacy of which tense to mostly use in scientific research. The secondary method employed in this study is a result of being a non-empirical paper. This depends on journal articles, textbooks, seminars and e-materials from the internet. The impact of the construct under study is to learn which tense to be used  and maintain consistency while writing a research paper for clarity of meaning and comprehensible input..  The result showcase that scientific writing is more of simple present than other tenses since it is mostly used in the abstract, main body, general statements, facts, and many more. Therefore, it can be concluded that simple present tense is more momentous and has an impact on the scientific construction of texts. Based on that this study believes that t  ability of the students, academics and any other researchers in using it will be improved especially in the construction of scientific texts in an academic arena.

Keywords: tertiary institution, scientific text, absolute tense, simple present

SECURITY SCHEME IN INFORMATION-CENTRIC NETWORK (ICN)

¹MUHAMMAD USMAN ILIYASU; & ²SALIHU ABDULMUMINI JALO

¹Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering Federal polytechnic, Bali Taraba State. ²Departmen t of Electrical/Electronic Adamawa State Polytechnic, Yola- Adamawa State

ABSTRACT

Due to the high demand for efficient content delivery by internet users, Information-Centric Network (ICN) tends to emerge as an alternative communication model for an internet architecture and communication network to enhance efficient content delivery. ICN is an emergence technology, proposed to replace the existing host-to-host communication network with an information-centric network architecture, which enables users to request content based on their names rather than their hosting location (IP address) as in the case of current internet architecture. ICN would cope with the increased demand for efficient contents delivery on the internet and also provide an alternative approach solution to many significant issues and challenges in the current IP-based Internet architecture such as mobility, content dissemination, and multi-path forwarding. ICN network has an in-build properties such as in-network caching, content-based security, forwarding plane (using PITs), and name-based routing and forwarding. These include properties make the ICN network vulnerable to several types of security attacks. The Current internet security model is protecting the communication channel between a client and a server through Transport Layer Security (TLS) scheme While in ICN, security model is based on name content object/name data object (NCO/NDO) known as (object-based security).

Keyword: ICN, contents data, security and privacy

IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC AND CUSTOMERS (DC) MACRO MARKETING ENVIRONMENT ON SUCCESS OF SMALL SCALE BUSINESSES IN TARABA STATE, NIGERIA

BAGUDU, AHMAD IBRAHIM

Department of Office Technology and Management, Federal Polytechnic, Bali, P.M.B 05 Bali, Taraba State

Abstract

The study was on the impact of demographic and customer macro marketing environment on success of Small-Scale Businesses in Taraba State, Nigeria. The study was guided by two specific objectives, two research questions and two null hypotheses. Descriptive survey research was adopted for the study. Five hundred (500) management staff of registered Small-Scale Businesses in Taraba State was sampled out of 2955. The researcher administered the same 500 copies of 20 items structure questionnaire on 4 points rating scale response options was used for the data collection after the instrument was validated by five experts. Data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS), 25 to run mean scores and standard deviations for answering the research questions. Simple Linear Regression (SLR) was employed to test null hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that the Demographic and Customer factors have significant impact on the success of Small-Scale Businesses in Taraba State, Nigeria.

Keywords: Demographic, Customers, Success, Small scale and Business

THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL DISCLOSURES ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED OIL AND GAS FIRMS IN NIGERIA

ADAMU NUHU

Department of Accounting, School of Business and Management Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bali, P.M.B. 05, Bali Taraba State

Abstract

This study examines the impact of environmental and social disclosures on the financial performance of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria. This study adopts the ex-post facto research design with a sample size of five (5) oil and gas companies spanning from 2017-2021 quoted on the floor of Nigerian stock exchange.  The study was specifically limited to appraising the use of content analysis to examine the relationships between the financial performance (return on Assets and Net Profit Margin) and degree of disclosures of various elements of Environmental Reporting framework from annual reports for the period of Five (5) years (2017-2021), as justify base on convenience. For the purposes of data analysis Ordinary Lease Squares Regression was employed as the technique to test the pre-set hypothesis. The findings from the regression results reveals that, the environmental disclosures of oil and gas companies have a positive and significant impact on the Return on Assets (ROA). Based on the findings, the study concludes that environmental disclosures have a positive and significant effect on the Return on Assets of oil and gas companies in Nigeria. In line with the conclusion drawn, the study recommends that; right and appropriate policies that will enhance the environmental Disclosure should be put in place by the Environmental Management Sectors of Nigeria. Secondly, high level of interest must be exerted on Environmental Disclosure by relevant regulatory authorities and requisite legislations put in place.

KEYWORDS: Environmental disclosures, sustainability reporting, financial performance, return on Asset (ROA)

VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF SULEJA AND ITS ENVIRONS TO FLOOD HAZARD IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA

UMAR, JOSEPH JAMES; & DR. M. A. EMIGILATI

Department of Geography, Federal University of Technology Minna

Abstract

Floods have destroyed people’s lives as well as social and environmental assets. Flooding is becoming more severe and frequent as a result of climate change and an increase in human-induced land-use changes, which puts pressure on river channels and causes changes in river morphology. Hence, creating a flood hazard model to identify the study area’s flood-prone zones is crucial for decision-makers to implement an all-encompassing flood risk management strategy. This research adopted the combined capabilities of the GIS-based MCDA and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for the flood vulnerability assessment. To address the study objectives i. Identifying factors affecting flood occurrences in the study area, ii. Mapping flood prone zones in the study area and iii. Examining the extent of flood vulnerability in the study area, six flooding contributing parameters (rainfall, proximity to the river, elevation, slope, LULC and drainage density) were considered. According to the research findings, the generated flood vulnerability map was classified into five flood zones; very low, low, medium, high and very high with the following values 8%, 18%, 27%, 28% and 19% respectively. AUC (area under cover) was adopted for the validation of the research findings where the score obtained was 0.763. As a result, engineers or other researchers might use the study’s findings to inform their larger projects or for additional research.

Keywords: Flood, Landuse and Landcover, Vulnerability Assessment

REDUCING THE EFFECTS AND IMPACT OF CHANGE ORDERS IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN A SUBSIDY REMOVED ECONOMY

GRACE THOMAS RANGO; & PROF. MAROOF OPEYEMI ANIFOWOSE

Quantity Surveying Department, Federal University of Technology, Minna.

ABSTRACT

This research investigates the effects and impact of change orders in public building projects in a subsidy removed economy. The study made use of the results of a questionnaire surveying the owners, contractors and consultants on a sample of 100 respondents comprising of the professionals that made up the building team representing the construction industry. The responses to the questionnaire help in identifying the common effects and impact of changes, and the control measures to address the effects and impact of changes. The results of the questionnaire indicate that time overrun, end user’s dissatisfaction, dispute among the parties, contractor’s dissatisfaction were the factors that effects project performance. Decrease in contractor reputation, Dispute among the professionals and loss of opportunity for new Job were the impact of change order in construction projects. The measures to be taken to control the effects and impacts of change order in building construction projects are; Proper site investigations, communication among parties, proper supervision of works, clear statement of work provision, specification within budget, better designs and visualization, completion of drawings at the tender stage, proper planning among parties involved and establishing a change order process up front.

Keywords-: Effects of Change Order, Impact of Change Orders, Control of Change Order, Subsidy, Economy.

COUNSELLING REFORMS FOR EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA: A PATHWAY TO EMPOWERING STUDENTS AND ENHANCING ACADEMIC SUCCESS

SABA, ABDULRAHMAN MUHAMMAD

Niger State College of Education Minna

Abstract

This abstract highlights the significance of implementing counselling reforms in Niger State, Nigeria, as a vital strategy to foster educational development and empower students in the region. Education plays a pivotal role in a nation’s progress, and effective counselling services have the potential to positively impact students’ personal, social, and academic development. The paper explores the current state of counselling services in educational institutions within Niger State, identifying existing challenges and gaps that hinder students’ overall growth. It emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive reforms that address these deficiencies and ensure equitable access to quality counselling resources for all students. Drawing upon successful counselling reform models from other regions and countries, this paper proposes a tailored framework suitable for Niger State’s unique cultural, socio-economic, and educational landscape. The suggested reforms encompass a multifaceted approach, incorporating professional development for counsellors, resource allocation, technological integration, and community involvement. Furthermore, it underscores the potential benefits of these reforms, such as increased student engagement, improved academic performance, reduced dropout rates, and enhanced overall well-being. By fostering a supportive and nurturing environment through effective counselling services, students can be better equipped to overcome challenges, make informed decisions about their academic paths, and develop essential life skills. Finally, the paper emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts among educational authorities, counsellors, parents, and other stakeholders in implementing these reforms. Through this united approach, Niger State can unlock its full educational potential, ultimately contributing to the holistic development of its citizens and fostering a brighter future for the state and the nation as a whole.

Key words: Counselling Reforms, Educational Development, Pathway, Empowering Students and Enhancing Academic Success

THE EFFECT OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ON WORKERS PERFORMANCE IN TARABA STATE CIVIL SERVICE.

BUBA DLAMA KWADA

Department of Business Administration and Management, School of Business and Management Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bali, P.M.B. 05 Bali, Taraba State

ABSTRACT

The current research study was carried out to evaluate the effect of training and development on workers performance with reference to some selected ministry in Taraba State Civil Service. In this study, a survey research design was adopted. The population of this study was carved out of the entire staff in Taraba State Civil Service. Hence primary method of data collection were used where a sample of 100 close ended questionnaires were prepared and administered to the respondent in the case study that were selected using the Yaro Yamani Sampling method. For the purpose of analysis, the study uses simple percentages in form of tables to analyses respondents’ information while descriptive statistical tools were used to test and provides answers to the three hypotheses formulated based on the research questions. However, evidence from test results clearly indicates that, Training and development of workers significantly affects the performance of staff in the Taraba state civil service as indicated by the result of the First hypothesis. Equally the test result from the second formulated hypothesis suggested that, there are no strong issues that work against training and development in the state civil service in Taraba State. Result from the third formulated hypothesis revealed that Training and development needs of workers are evaluates by the state civil service in Taraba state Nigeria at (P<0.05) significance level. Based on the findings, the study conclude that, the training and development of workers can significantly enhance the performance of workers in selected ministry agency of state civil service in Taraba State. The study equally concludes that training of works enhance workers to work among the civil servant effectiveness. Base on the findings the study recommends that the workers should be sent to attend training courses to learn more about work and learning process.

KEY WORDS: Training, Development, Civil Service, Performance, Workers.

BOARD ATTRIBUTES AND RISK DISCLOSURE OF QUOTED INDUSTRIAL GOODS COMPANIES IN NIGERIAN STOCK EXCHANGE

SALAU AYO RAHMAT; SALAU OLORUNTOBA NASIR & MOHAMMED YABAGI IBRAHIM

Department of Accountancy, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State

ABSTRACT

Good old days accounting scandals, the 2007/2008 global financial crisis and the recent collapse giant companies across the globe have initiated the need for vibrant risk management and high quality of risk reporting through sound corporate governance. Corporate governance codes have recognized the need to improve corporate risk disclosure and provide guidance for such disclosures. Understanding the drivers for firms to disclose risk-related information may assist regulators and standards setters in promoting both the spread and the improvement of such disclosures through the issuance of corporate governance codes and reporting. This study responds to recent calls for more research on this grey area by empirically examining the effect of board attributes on risk disclosure of quoted industrial goods firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. This study adopts Ex post facto research design. The population of the study comprised of all the 13 listed industrial goods firms at the period of study. Data were extracted from the published financial statements of the industrial goods companies, covering a period of ten (10) years from 2011 to 2020. Risk disclosure was measured using Dichotomous “1” if a company discloses risk in the financial statement “0”otherwise.  The study employs logistic regression as the technique of analysis with the aid of STATA version 16 as a tool for analysis. The results indicate that board independence, board size and board gender diversity all have significant effect on the extent of risk disclosure on industrial goods companies listed on Nigerian Stock Exchange. The study concluded that, the composition is a viable corporate mechanism for improved voluntary disclosure on industrial goods companies. This study recommends that the Nigerian industrial goods sector composed of boards with diversities such as gender, expertise, nationality especially the independent directors who can bring their experiences to bear in making decisions in respect to risk information disclosures.

Keywords: Board Independence, Board Size, Board Gender Diversity, Risk Disclosure, Industrial Goods Firms, Nigeria.

SEASON OF CRIMSON BLOSSOMS: A 21^ST-CENTURY AFRICAN NOVEL

MANSUR MUHAMMAD MANSUR; & ABUBAKAR ALHAJI SANI,

General Studies Department, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi

Abstract

There are a lot of concerns about African literature written in the 21^st-century. Some of these concerns are as a result of the themes of it: the idea that the literature has stagnated, since the major themes, at least after the independence of most African countries, always have been, still are, about protest literature––which is about writing back to the center; to recapture the African dignity and project African personality: the idea that African people were barbaric and therefore needed colonialism to rid them out of ignorance; since the colonial masters’ infringements, as the apologists of colonialism on African soil would argue, was moral and humanitarian and as such, the experience was needed to civilize hem. However, African writers, having read the Western literature denigrating them; took it upon themselves to reverse the status quo and therefore view African literature in a new light. So, most of the post-colonial texts,  from the heavyweights in the literary arena; began to write and eventually produced more protest literature than those about a wide range of issues about the people. This work argues that African literature is not stagnated. However, the literature has since evolved and touches where its hands can reach. Meanwhile, this work is qualitative, therefore, it does not require the use of research tools such as interview, questionnaire, and or assessment, but uses an in-depth study of the literature available on the topic to arrive at its premise.

Keywords: African literature, colonialism, protest literature, African dignity

THE IMPACT OF GROUNDWATER ON BUILDING FOUNDATIONS IN AKANU IBIAM FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC STAFF QUARTERS, UNWANA, EBONYI STATE

*NWABINELI E.O ** OGONNA S. NWOKYO;  ***OKEKE EMMANUEL C.; & ****ARINZE CHIMEZIE V.

*Department of Ceramic & Glass technology Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana, Ebonyi State. **Department of civil Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Anambra State, Nigeria. ***Department of civil engineering technology, Akanuibiam federal polytechnic Unwana. ****Department of mechanical engineering ,Akanuibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana                             .

Abstract

The impact of groundwater on building foundations is a critical consideration in construction and structural integrity. This abstract explores the multifaceted effects of groundwater on diverse foundation types. Groundwater significantly influences soil behavior, exerting varying pressures on foundations, thereby affecting their stability and long-term performance. Factors such as soil type, water table fluctuations, and hydrogeological conditions interact to influence foundation settlements, heave, and potential structural damage. This study aims to analyze the complex interplay between groundwater dynamics and foundation behavior through a comprehensive review of existing research, field observations, and case studies. Understanding these interactions is pivotal in designing resilient foundations and implementing effective mitigation strategies to ensure the durability and safety of structures in varying hydrological environments. To mitigate the impact of groundwater on building foundations, engineers employ various strategies, including proper site investigation, foundation design that considers hydrogeological conditions, the installation of drainage systems, and the use of appropriate materials to resist corrosion. Understanding and managing the complex interactions between groundwater and foundations are essential for ensuring the long-term stability and durability of structures

Key words; Groundwater, civil Engineering, depletion, geology, and over draftingTop of Form

Bottom of Form

PROMOTING NATIONAL INTEGRATION FOR SUSTAINABLE PEACE IN BORNO STATE.

MAMMAN NATHAN ENOS

Department of Christien Religouse Studies College of Education Waka – Biu

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the critical role of promoting national integration in achieving sustainable peace in a diverse society. It argues that national integration is a process of creating a sense of shared values, identity and how purpose among the citizens, regardless of their ethnic, cultural, religious and linguistic differences. The paper examines the challenges and opportunities for promoting national integration in diverse society and highlights the key strategies that can be employed to foster national unity and social cohesion, it also discuss the role of education, media and civil society of organizations in promoting national integration and emphasizes the need for potential will and leadership to derived the process of national integration, finally, the paper continuous by emphasizing the importance of sustained efforts towards promoting national integration as a critical components of achieving sustainable peace in diverse societies.

EFFECTS OF N.P.K (20:10:10) FERTILIZER AND SHEEP/GOAT-DUNG ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativus L.) IN BAUCHI L.G.A OF BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA.

GAYA, B. H.¹, YUNUSA, M. M.¹, ABBA-AJI, A. A.¹, ABUBAKAR, I. A.¹, GAMBO, N.¹, & BUKAR, M. A.²

¹Department of Agricultural Technology, the Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Bauchi state, ²Department of Agricultural Technology, the Federal Polytechnic, Damaturu, Yobe state.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to assess and determine the Effects of N.P.K (20:10:10) Fertilizer and Sheep and Goat dung, both individually and in combination, on the growth and yield parameters of cucumber plants in Bauchi Local Government Area (L.G.A) of Bauchi state, Nigeria. The specific objectives include evaluating the response of cucumber plants to sheep/goat dung, N.P.K (20:10:10) fertilizer, and their combination, as well as comparing their impacts on growth and yield parameters. The study also seeks to identify the most effective fertilizer option for cucumber farmers in the region.Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a widely cultivated vine plant known for its cylindrical fruits used as culinary vegetables. This research focused on the response of cucumber plants to different fertilization methods and their influence on growth and yield outcomes. The study was conducted within Engr Musa Aliyu Dadi’s Farm in Lushi, adjacent to Yelwa, Bauchi L.G.A of Bauchi state.The findings indicated that the combination of mineral (N.P.K 20:10:10) and organic (sheep/goat dung) fertilizers produced the most significant positive impact on both vegetative growth and fruit yield of cucumber plants. This suggested that the synergistic effect of combining these two types of fertilizers leads to enhanced growth and development of the cucumber plant and results in higher fruit yields.This study provides valuable insights into the cultivation of cucumber plants in the specific Agricultural context of Bauchi L.G.A, Bauchi state, Nigeria. The results underscored the potential benefits of employing a combination of mineral and organic fertilizers for optimizing cucumber crop production. These findings can guide cucumber farmers in selecting the most effective Fertilization strategy to enhance their Agricultural practices and overall yields.

Keywords: Effects, N.P.K (20:10:10) Fertilizer, Sheep and Goat dung, Cucumber, Growth, Yield.

TWO-FIGURE TABLE LOAN PAYMENT RETURN FOR NIGERIAN AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES: AN ENGINEERING PROJECTS PROCUREMENT TOOL

¹OLAYEMI, O. D., ²AWONIYI, G. O.

ABSTRACT

This research came about on the thought of how to assist farmers and engineers on payment plan schedule for payment return on agricultural incentives and machinery procurement loans. The paper work aimed at generating Two-Figure Table handbook for the membership of the Nigerian Co-operative Societies for any loan obtained at various interest rates. It later generated to generalizing it to the various Nigeria workers’ cooperative societies since most of the societies are operating on the same styles and principles. The generated results from the principal loan made use of standard figures which break at every 10th multiple while the interest were generally computed on the basis of simple interest at any given interest rate with selection bases of 0.5% interval up to 30%. The research package had a loan payment return schedule ranges from 3 Months to 36 Months.

Keywords: Agriculture, Cooperative Society, Loan, Payment return, Handbook

EXPLORING THE POTENTIALS OF LANDSCAPING IN ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS IN THE 21^ST CENTURY (CASE STUDY FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC BALI, TARABA STATE).

ISA HASSAN

Civil Engineering Department, Federal Polytechnic Bali Taraba State.

ABSTRACT

The study was carried out to discuss the usefulness or potentials of landscaping in academic institutions in Federal Polytechnic Bali Taraba State. Two objectives and two research questions guided the study. Population of the study was thirty (20) landscape practitioners from selected academic institutions. The general population was considered for the study for data collection while structured questionnaire and oral interview was used for the study. Analysis of data was achieved using mean and standard deviation with the help of statistical package social science (SPSS) software. Revealed by the result, it shows that there must be well detailed proper landscape design plan approved before construction, before and during landscape stage there should be constant site visitation, proper market survey of landscape materials must be carried out, landscape experts and professionals must be employed. Landscape is of high importance sites problems must be handled by landscape professionals for good results. The landscape policies are communicated in other to strictly follow it guidelines so as to ascertain standard and meet the durability aesthetics required.

Keyword: Landscape, Aesthetics, Landscape policy, Landscape culture.

MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF PREDATOR-PREY RELATIONSHIPS WITH HUMAN INTERVENTION

UMAR SAIDU BASHIR

The Polytechnic Bali

Abstract

The model takes into account noise, diffusion, external periodic force, and the predator-prey model with human disturbance. The study also takes into account Holling III’s functional response. Two species are included in this predator-prey model, giving us two variables (the predator and prey). When human disturbance and noise are present, the species with time exhibits an oscillating wave in two-dimensional space, which is visible. At the point where the predator is feeding on the prey in this scenario, the coefficient of diffusion is zero. Additionally, at the start of the competition, the effect of the aforementioned element (human disturbance) causes the prey to quickly disappear from the system of interaction, and later, its population grows in an asymptotic and exponential manner, respectively. The graph figures below demonstrate a sinusoidal and exponential increase in the study when it is modeled with noise and periodic force; when it is modeled without noise and periodic force, it shows an asymptotical increase. These findings might aid in our comprehension of the effects resulting from real ecosystems’ vulnerability to arbitrary fluctuations. We stated that the presence of humans causes an increase in the functional response and the complete motion (diffusion) process, demonstrating that the predator has a single type of food supply. Both the predator and the prey will prevail in the battle. We examined and talked about the equilibrium points, model stability, and solutions to these differential equation systems. Moreover, The Holling-Type III functional response, which displays the searching time, handling time, and overall time of the predator in predating on its prey, was used in simulations to indicate the rate of the predator’s eating on the prey with time.

Keywords: predator, prey, equilibrium, functional response,

UNLOCKING SUB-SAHARA AFRICAN POTENTIAL VIA THE FACTORS AFFECTING TEACHING AND LEARNING OF AGRICULTURE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

MUBASHIR MUHAMMAD ABUBAKAR

Department of Agric. Education, Federal College of Education Jama’are.

Abstract

Coping with modern agricultural skills nowadays is a necessity for maximum benefit. However, it is a well known fact that the Sub-Sahara African countries are experiencing problems in terms of inadequate knowledge and skills on teaching and learning agricultural skills to enable them cope with modern agricultural production. This paper highlight some of the Sub-Sahara African countries, their agricultural development, opportunities on agricultural activities as well as some factors that affect and discourage their teaching and learning agriculture respectively. The paper recommended that both teachers and parents should encourage students to develop interest on agricultural skills and knowledge, government should also provide the necessary facilities that will help for agricultural practice by putting more project on agricultural programs such as teaching and learning of crop production, bee farming, horticulture, animals management, among others.

THE IMPACT OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES ON SOCIO-ECONOMC DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN IN BALI LOCAL GOVERNMEN AREA OF TARABA STATE

MUHAMMED ADAM SALLAU

Entrepreneurship Unit, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State

ABSTRACT

In today’s societies, women are viewed as key advocates for the social and economic viability of their communities. Their primary social function is that of caregivers, not wage earners. The empowerment of women has, however, led to an increase in the number of women engaging in income-generating activities, with entrepreneurship accounting for a large portion of them. This study looked at the role that female entrepreneurs played in the economic growth of Bali Local Government Area, Taraba State. The study’s objectives include evaluating how women entrepreneurs contribute to the socioeconomic development of the Bali metropolis and its environs as well as determining how the NFW Project affects the growth of women entrepreneurs as an empowerment program in the Bali Local Government Area. The research is purely qualitative in which responses from women entrepreneurs were coded and analyzed. A total of one hundred (100) women were selected as a sample for the study. Data collection was done using focused group discussions and key informant interviews were employed to triangulate the data. Analysis of data was done using content analysis. The study revealed that there is an evident relationship between women entrepreneurial activities and socio-economic development of Bali Local Government Area. And also the study found out that, NFW program is stimulating the effort of women toward entrepreneurship activities in Bali Local Government Area, this means that necessary support that promotes innovation and competitiveness amongst women entrepreneurs should be encouraged. The conclusion from this study is thus, women run enterprises in Bali metropolis; do contribute to the overall socio-economic development of Bali Local Government Area and the entire state in general.

KEY WORDS: Women entrepreneurs, Socio-economic development, NFW Project.

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME SELECTED SATCHET WATER IN BALI TOWN, TARABA STATE

JAMILLU HASSAN

School of Science and Technology, Department of science laboratory Technology, Federal polytechnic Bali.

ABSTRACT

Non availabilityilability of good quality drinking water has resulted in number of health challenges as bad quality drinking water is known to be a primary cause of contagious diseases. Water is said to be potable when it is physical, chemical and microbiologically comform to a specific standard. However, physico-chemical parameters are parameters that ascertain the physical and chemical  qualities of water. This study looked into the qualities such as colour, odour, taste, pH, turbidity, total dissolve solute, the presence of chemicals such as chlorine, carbon dioxide, calcium etc. The result obtained was that they were all colourless, odourless, with pH ranges from 6.57- 6.82. The water taste were all tasteless. The temperature of the waters were shown to be 27.5. The total dissolved solid were 1.24g/cm³, 1.04g/cm³, 1.03g/cm³, 1.01g/cm³. The work is concluded that those satchet waters are drinkable.

STANDARD EDUCATION SYSTEM: QUALITATIVE MAN POWER AS THE IMPERITIVE TOOL FOR IMPROVING MANUFACTURING SECTOR’S STANDARD AND ECONOMIC GROWTH RATE

ABUBAKAR MOHAMMED TELA

Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State.

ABSTRACT

The focus of this paper was to point out how standard education system became a primary requirement for improving manufacturing sector’s standard and economic growth rate through providing qualitative man power. Qualitative man power in the sense that, the staff who were very innovative and skillful, who have the ability to solve problems and bring positive changes to organizations. However, this paper started the discussion by exploring the concept of education, standard education system and the requirements that make a particular education system to be seen as a standard one. It also examined the notion of qualitative man power. It went further by highlighting the role of standard education system in developing qualitative workforce and how such effective and reliable workforce contribute in revamping the standard of manufacturing sectors and enhance the economic growth rate of the companies and the country at large. Ultimately, the paper made some useful recommendation that can help in achieving the improved manufacturing sectors and speedy economic growth rate.

Key words: Standard, Education, Qualitative, Workforce, Manufacturing Sectors.

INVESTIGATION INTO ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF TIMBER IN BAUCHI BUILDING MATERIAL MARKET

TARIQ BALA MAIAUDUGA; IBRAHIM MUSA MU’AZU; & YAHAYA ISHAQ DIKKO

Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi

ABSTRACT

Timber is one of the oldest known building material and its use have solved many structural and design problems in civil engineering construction works. This study was carried out to investigate the engineering properties of different types of timber present in building material market Bauchi. Samples of Gmelina, Tabo, Mahogany, Rimi, Taura, Dorawa, Ararrabi, Faru, Marke, Gamji, Bush Masonia and Doka. The parameters tested for are compressive strength, flexural strength, density and moisture content. At the end of the tests, Bush Masonia was found to be highest in compressive strength (38.61N/mm²) and in flexure (84.4N/MM²) while Tabo in moisture content( 22%), Dorawa in density(990kg/m³ ). The values obtained were used to classify the timber according to Eurocode and represented using bar chat for each parameter tested to show variation in the different species sampled. This will help to select a particular timber in terms of economy and to suit a specific purpose in the construction industry.

UNLOCKING SUB-SAHARAN BOARDERS; A KEY TO ACHIEVING ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

MUSA MOHAMMED BAWA PhD

Department of History, Niger State College of Education, Minna.

Abstract

The region of Africa South of the Sahara desert referred to as Sub-Saharan Africa constitutes one of the poorest regions in the globe. The region is still battling with the consequences of colonialism and neo-colonialism leading to series of economic stagnation and underdevelopment. This posture turned the region into an insecured area due to its incessant cases of insurgency, banditry, communal clashes and of recent, military interventions. It is on this background that this paper intends to analyze the issue of unlocking the artificial boundaries created by the colonialist as a way that could lead to economic growth and its subsequent sustainability in the Sub-Saharan region within the 21^st century.

ANALYSIS OF THE HADEJIA-NGURU WETLANDS ECOSYSTEMS OF NIGERIA USING DPSIR FRAMEWORK -REVISITED

MOHAMMED INUSA NGURU, RABIU SABO, AND ALI BULAMA

School of Sciences, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Mai Idris Alooma Polytechnic P.M.B. 1020 Geidam, Yobe State, Nigeria. Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University, Gashua

ABSTRACT

The Hadejia-Nguru wetlands is a floodplain in northern Nigeria that supports the livelihood of a population of over 1.5 million people in terms of fishing, farming and grazing of livestock. However, the location of the wetland at the edge of the Sahelian zone is one of the major reasons of attracting immigrants to the wetland and creating many challenges to the dwellers.  This paper uses the Drivers-Pressure-state-Impact and response (DPSIR) model and analyzed issues of concerns that revealed some needs of the population namely food, livestock grazing fishing, fuelwood and other wild fruits (Drivers), and the increasing pressure of immigrants on the current population has exerted pressures due to subsequently increasing needs of the above resources that resulted in the negative change of state (physically, biologically and chemically) of the wetland ecosystems, which in turn created impacts/ecosystem issues in the region including soil degradation, reduced size of the wetlands, biodiversity loss, emission of CO² and CO, and water pollution due to misuse of agro-chemicals. The DPSIR analysis in this study has also suggested ways to ameliorate the identified problems that comprised development of policies on regulation of fishing, awareness on conservation, holistic afforestation project, dredging of water channels, clearing Typha grass and other invasive species, arresting and prosecuting poachers, establishment of protected areas and buffer zone, training and empowering fishermen on modern aquaculture, providing financial grant to alleviate poverty etc.