THEME: AFRICAN CONTINENT IN THE FAST-MOVING WORLD: NEW STRATEGIES AND APPROACHES
DATE: 31ST October, 2023
VENUE: GOMBE STATE UNIVERSITY, GOMBE, GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA
ORGANIZERS: CAMBRIDGE PUBLICATIONS AND RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
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CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS:
THE CHALLENGES OF DEMOCRACY, INSECURITY AS IT AFFECTS EDUCATION AND NIGERIA’S UNITY
- EFEURHOBO DAVIS OCHUKO; AND EGBON THOMASTINA NKECHI
Political Science and Public Administration, University of Delta, P.M.B 2090, Agbor.
Abstract
The paper examined the problems, challenges of democracy as well as insecurity in Nigeria as it affects the educational standard and the country’s national unity. The objectives of the paper is anchored on the following: Assess the relationship between democracy and insecurity, establish relationship between democracy and insecurity, activities of insecurity and the consequences of insecurity on the education and unity of Nigeria. The study adopted the frustration aggregation theory as theoretical framework and the qualitative research analysis method. This enabled the researchers to have a critical observations, case studies amongst others. The major findings include the following; poor democratic practice resulted to insecurity, insecurity arose from poor education etc. The study concluded that poor democratic practice has destroyed the national unity of the country. It was recommended that government should come up with rational and sustainable ways to improve the democratic practice in Nigeria in order to enhance security and education. There should also be better measures to promote national unity geared towards egalitarian society. Stake holders of democracy should endeavor to maintain some decorum, ethic, good behaviour that will bring about good governance.
Keywords: Insecurity, Democracy, Education, Unity.
AVAILABILITY AND UTILISATION OF SUBSCRIBED DATABASES AS CORRELATES OF AGRICULTURAL POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN NORTH- CENTRAL NIGERIA
MUSA ABDULLAHI KINTA; & DR. ONWUKANJO, S. A.
Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate availability and utilisation of subscribed databases as correlates of agricultural postgraduate students’ academic achievement in federal universities libraries in north- central Nigeria. The study formulated two objectives and some responding research questions as well. It adopted a descriptive survey design and target population of 2463 agricultural postgraduate students from the 4 Federal Universities in North-Central Nigeria offering postgraduate studies in agriculture out of six. Questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. Three hundred and thirty-five (335) copies of the questionnaires were distributed and three hundred and seventeen (317) copies of questionnaires were returned; representing a return rate of 95%. The data collected were analyzed using Descriptive statistics such as frequency count, mean and standard deviation. The decision rule for research questions one through five was based on whether the mean score value was lower than or equal to and above the criterion mean value of 2.50 for either rejection or acceptance. The findings of the study revealed that the respondents agreed that academic achievement of agricultural postgraduate students are determined by quiz, test, examination performance, seminar presentation, individual and group presentations The evaluation of the availability of subscribed databases is pertinent to the academic achievement of agricultural postgraduate students. It is important for academic libraries to subscribe to scholarly databases. The study recommended that there is need to put in place strategies that will increase the trust in the electronic information resources among the postgraduate students to improve its use. Also, effort should be made to acquire resources from reputable publishers; this will further build the trust in the resources and consequently increase the usage.
Keywords: University Libraries, online database, postgraduate students, availability, utilisation
DETECTION OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANT KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE FROM CLINICAL SPECIMEN COLLECTED FROM GENERAL HOSPITAL, MINNA METROPOLIS, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
AHMED, ZAINAB OYIZA; NASIRU, U. ADABARA; & ENEJIYON, SHERIFAT OZAVIZE
School of Life sciences, Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger state, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the prominent causes of hospital-acquired and community acquired infections worldwide K. pneumoniae is a common causative agent of various infections and are of great concern due the development of resistance against commonly prescribed antibiotics. This study was carried out to understand the prevalence, identify resistant genes and pattern of spread of multi drug resistant K. pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimens from general hospital, Minna. Standard microbial culturing, gram staining, biochemical and molecular testing were used in this study. The samples were inoculated on MacConkey agar and Eosine Methylene blue agar (EMB). Eighty-eight (88) stools samples, seventy-five urine samples (75) and thirty-seven (37) sputum samples to give a total of two hundred samples were each collected from General hospital Minna, K. pneumoniae had a prevalence of 30.0%. The Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method was used for the antibiotic susceptibility test, and the results interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, 2017. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates showed a high resistance to Cephlexin 31(73.8%), ceftriaxone 29(69.0%) and Nalidixic acid 25(59.5%). K. pneumoniae was most susceptible to Trimetoprim-sulfametoxazole and Streptomycin 39 (92.9%), Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin 38(90.5%). K. pneumoniae showed intermediate resistance to Amoxicillin clavulanic acid 15(35.7%), Colistin 11(26.2%) and Erythromycin 8 (19.0%). 3 multidrug resistant K. pneumoniae isolates were tested for resistant genes; mcr-1, blaTEM blaSHV, FosA, qnrA and qnrB, all 3 (U1, U2, ST6) isolates were positive for mcr-1 which is associated with colistin resistance, U1 and ST6 were positive for blaTEM, U2 was positive for the presence of blaSHV, FosA and qnrB genes, all isolates were negative for qnrA. The study confirmed there’s a high prevalence MDR K. pneumoniae in Minna, Nigeria. Routine surveillance and more research into the pattern of spread and resistant genes is recommended.
Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Antibiotic susceptibility, Antimicrobial resistance, Multi drug resistant, Minna
PERFORMANCE OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AS FUEL IN A BINARY DIRECT CARBON FUEL CELL.
AJAW A. R., ADENIYI O. D., ADENIYI M.I. AND OLUTOYE M. A.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB.65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
Abstract- A variety of abundant carbonaceous fuels such as municipal solid waste (MSW) and biochar from biomass carbonization can be utilized to generate electricity in a direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) system.In this paper, characterized municipal solid waste of different fractions of sawdust, sugarcane bagasse and orange peel were characterized. The proximate and ultimate analysis employed to determine the High heating value (HHV). The result shows that the HHV of municipal solid waste of the different fractions of sawdust, sugarcane bagasse and orange peel were 6.79, 9.78, 7.68 and its combination which makes up the municipal solid waste to be 11.00 MJ/kg respectively. The calorific values were evaluated to be 7.0, 6.7, 5.8 and 7.9 MJ respectively .The XRD and SEM/EDX reveals that amorphous carbon were present in the analysis. It shows the possibility utilizing municipal solid waste (MSW) as fuel in a direct carbon fuel cell(DCFC) for power generation.
Keywords: Municipal solid waste, Energy, Biochar, DCFC.
IMPACT OF RURAL WATER SUPPLY ON THE HEALTH OF PEOPLE IN PART OF GBAKO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
GARBA, YUSUF YAHAYA; & PROF. M.B. YUNUSA
Department of Geography, Federal University of Technology Minna
Abstract
Access to safe drinking water is required by all communities, regardless of the area, average income, average level of education, geographical region or race, ethnic or cultural background. Therefore, this study examined the impact of rural water supply on the health of people in some part of Gbako Local Government Area, Niger State, Nigeria. This study employed both primary and secondary sources of data collection. The primary data were sourced from the administration of questionnaire to two groups, namely, selected agencies of government directly involved in water supply management and the general public located in the study area. Secondary data sources include journals, textbooks, newspapers, magazines, encyclopedia, library, etc. Secondary data sources were used to add value to this study. The methods of data analysis include frequency percentage, statistical mean and four-point likert scale. The study shows that high cost of drilling boreholes ranked the highest with 31.6% of the sampled population, climate change ranked second with 25.4%, high cost of storage facilities ranked third with 15.2%, shortages of aquifer ranked forth with 12.5%, pollution ranked fifth with 9% and corruption ranked the least with 7% of the sampled population. This revealed that the major cause of drinking water shortage was high cost of drilling boreholes in the study area and its one of the best drinking water source with less degradation. The impact of rural water supply on the health of the people in the study area include diarrhea, cholera, and typhoid. Patronage of hospitals and other health care facilities in Gbako Local Government Area is on the increase. The rapidly increasing population coupled with the deteriorating water quality are some of the factors responsible for this trend. Hospital records have confirmed high incidence of typhoid, cholera, dysentery, diarrhoea and guinea worm in the study area and some of these diseases are shown in the study. The study area is endowed with abundant surface water resources which remain largely untapped. Planned development of available surface water resources in the study area through surface and underground storage and planned exploitations of ground resources through boreholes, would minimize the seasonality of water availability in most parts of the study area, promote year-round agricultural production and enhance the welfare of the people.
Keywords: Water supply, Health and Rural water supply
A REVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF CPTED ON STUDENT SAFETY IN UNIVERSITY HOSTELS
*BEBU, B. J. AND ISAH A. D.
Department of Architecture, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
Abstract
University hostels are considered secure fortresses, an embodiment of radiant peace and tranquility. This is so as the satisfaction of a comfortable living and learning environment depends largely on how secure the environment is, how people interact, and how spatially comfortable the space within it is, as security plays a vital role in the selection of a choice place to live and learn, as they impact us both psychologically and physically. Today this notion is far from reality, as university hostels are plagued with reports of high-level crimes, from theft, burglary, abductions, and even kidnappings. This has led to the threat to the safety of students and, as a result, restricts students’ freedom, causing an insecure environment, which affects the performance of students academically and also the student’s overall well-being. This research is aimed at providing a narrative review of the causes of insecurities in university hostels and the impact of adopting CPTED which is a strategy used by Architects and environmental designers to prevent and reduce the occurrence of crime. This was achieved by using a systematic literature review (SLR) as the qualitative research method. The findings in this study suggest that cultism, student riot, and drug abuse are the major cause of insecurity The study further validates the argument of previous research that the application of CPTED principles helps to reduce the occurrence of crime
Keywords; CPTED, Security, Safety, Unhealthy living environment.
DEVELOPING NEW LEGAL APPROACHES TO ADDRESS CYBERSECURITY CHALLENGES IN AFRICA.
LATEEFAT ADEOLA BELLO Ph.D
Department of Commercial Law, Faculty of Law, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
ABSTRACT
Cybersecurity refers to the practice of protecting computers, networks, and digital information from unauthorized access, theft, damage, or other forms of cyberattacks The rise of cybersecurity threats in Africa has become a major concern for governments, businesses, and individuals. Traditional legal frameworks often struggle to keep up with the rapidly evolving nature of cyber threats, and as a result, many countries in Africa have been struggling to address this issue effectively. Interestingly, The continent has no unified approach to tackling cybercrime, and this constitutes a hindrance to enacting and enforcing effective laws and regulations. This lack of regulation leaves African countries vulnerable to a wide range of cyber threats, including data breaches, internet fraud, and online scams. This paper explores the challenges of addressing cybersecurity threats in Africa and proposes new legal approaches to include developing comprehensive cybersecurity laws that take into account the unique challenges faced by African countries, strengthening regional cooperation and coordination in combating cybercrime, increasing public awareness about cybersecurity risks and best practices, and promoting the development of a robust cybersecurity industry. The paper further highlights the importance of building the capacity of African countries to address cybersecurity challenges, particularly in terms of building the technical skills of law enforcement agencies, judges, and prosecutors. It emphasizes the need for collaboration between governments, the private sector, and civil society in addressing the issue of cybersecurity in Africa. The paper adopts the doctrinal approach in the discourse on the importance of developing new legal approaches to address cybersecurity challenges, protecting critical infrastructure, promoting economic growth and development, and ensuring the safety of electronic transactions and activities across the African continent.
POSSIBLE WAYS OF ENHANCING AND PROMOTING DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA THROUGH DIVERSIFIED INDUSTRIALIZATION: AN APPRAISAL
*VEN EGESI JONATHAN. C.; **KEKE KYRIAN; *AMECHI J.N.; *DR MRS IKEAZOTA NWAMAKA N. F (FMAN); *AGUGO U.A (MRS); *NJOKU DOMINIC .O.; & *OKORO LINUS C.
*Imo State Polytechnic, Omuma Oru- East **(AIFCE), Owerri
Abstract
Every nation in the world no matter where crave for development. No matter how one looks at it, irrespective of how developed any nation is, she looks forward to getting better. Mean while, development can in simple terms be taken for a shift or movement from subsistence and human labour and service provision to a level where machines and sophisticated equipment are used for production . Industrialization simply implies a state in an economy where machines do virtually all the economic activities in industries while men do little or nothing less than controlling the machines to perform various /specific tasks . Nigeria like any other country crave to develop better than she has in recent years , but what must be said is the what the necessary steps are to attain this height. It must be mentioned without any form of apology that the problem with the country is the political class. Politics or the political class are totally in control of all other spheres of the economy and when it is not getting things right, developmental efforts and processes will be slowed or hampered, the question remains, what must be done to remedy the situation. The above stated point form the gamut of this study. Various data collection techniques as oral interviews, textbooks, journals, newspapers, and the internet among others. The Great Big Push theory was used as theoretical framework for this study, thereafter, conclusion was drawn.
KEYWORDS: Possible, Enhancing, Promotion, Development, Nigeria, Diversification, Industrialization.
PROMOTING HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA THROUGH INNOVATIVE TEACHING-LEARNING APPROACHES
*EHIGHEBOLO, IZIN ANNE; & **ATIMATI, EHINOMEN ELIZABETH
*Department of Humanities and Social sciences, School of General studies, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo state, Nigeria. **Department of Telecommunication Engineering, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria
Abstract
The ingenuity of human minds can be developed by a well-structured knowledge base hence many studies unanimously agree that education improves the knowledge, skills and attitude of the workforce which invariably influences the economic growth of a nation. Adopting a library-based approach, this study argues that new teaching-learning methods are necessary to improve the quality of graduates who make up a significant number of the workforce in Nigeria. It posits that improving the quality of formal training, through the method of teaching can boost human Capital development which will, in turn, affect positively the economic growth of Nigeria. It recommends more training of educators in this regard and further research on the best innovative teaching method to employ in different fields of study.
Keywords: Human capital development, Economic growth, teaching-learning approach, Nigeria
AN ANALYSIS OF WASTE TO WEALTH MANAGEMENT IN SOME NORTH-EASTERN STATES OF NIGERIA: A PILOT STUDY
*DR. DANJUMA MAIJAMA’A; & **SAMAILA ADAMU
*Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi, General Studies- Economics Unit **Department of Economics and Development Studies, Federal University of Kashere, P.M.B. 0182, Gombe State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The socio-economic value chain of the waste-to-wealth activities in the North-Eastern region and its derivable benefits towards addressing the effects of global climate change phenomenon in the city cannot be over-emphasized. Waste is inevitable so long as humans are to use resources; generation of by-products in the form of waste is imminent by all countries. This study assessed waste to wealth management in North-Eastern part of Nigeria by employing survey research methodology using mainly interview as a means of data collection on the selected pilot states for the study. The primary data were collected from the participants (waste dealers) directly. Qualitative survey research design (using interview) was applied together with purposive and snowballing sampling techniques. The collected data were analyze using E-Views econometric software and Microsoft Excel in the assessment of quantity of waste generated and the profitability of waste management by the activities of waste dealers in the study areas of the region. The study also explores challenges in waste management and proffer appropriate strategy for handling the waste. The outcome unveils huge amount of wealth from trading various recyclable waste material with the lowest per month gain of at least N399,900 Naira from plastic waste or rubber. The findings are of help in enticing will be participant in waste to wealth value chain or business in North-Eastern Nigeria thereby creating job opportunity and reducing cost of waste evacuation on the site of government. Outcome of the study is expected to be a guide for informed policy on environmental waste management capable ensuring environmental safety and wealth creation.
CHALLENGES OF SECURITY GOVERNANCE IN AFRICA: THE 21ST CENTURY EXPERIENCE
*LADAN OZAYASHI NASIRUDEEN; **AHMED EGYE; ***ZHEBAGO EMMANUEL PETER; & ****AHMED GAMBO
*Department of Local Government Studies, Isa Mustapha Agwai 1 Polytechnic, Lafia. **Department of Public Administration, Isa Mustapha Agwai Polytechnic, Lafia. ***Department of Public Administration, Isa Mustapha Agwai 1 Polytechnic, Lafia, Nasarawa State. ****Central Bank of Nigeria, Abuja
Abstract
For several decades, security has been a major issue in Africa in view of the continued human brutality, pogroms, genocide, terrorism, civil wars, and inter-ethnic conflicts that have continued to be recorded in the continent. Since the 1980s, the continent has continued to record unprecedented violence of various kinds. The state in Africa has become incapacitated as it continues to find it difficult to generate the fundamental conditions for meaningful human survival. Generally, governance is described as the overall integrative efforts of individuals who have either been elected or appointed to carry out the aims for which the modern state has been set up. Through governance, those who occupy the machineries of government are bound to the pursuit of those policies that can impact on the lives of the masses. The theoretical framework adopted for study is Booth’s world system theory. Methodologically, the study adopted descriptive and analytic approach. Data for the study was sourced through the secondary means of data collection. The focus of the study is on challenges of security governance in Africa: the 21st century experience. The study reveals that bad governance, inter-ethnic conflicts, and corruption have remained major challenges to security governance in Africa. The study argues that the non-rethinking of security issues to significantly address the basic needs of the average African has remained a major threat to Africa’s security. The study recommends a pragmatic change and refocusing on security issues in Africa to arrest the bottlenecks militating against security governance in Africa.
Keywords: Governance, Security, Africa, Leadership, Corruption
EFFECT OF COMPOST MANURE USE ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF GARLIC FARMERS IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA: INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLE MODEL
AJAKAIYE, O.B 1 , OPALUWA, H.I 2 , IBRAHIM, M.K, 2 .
1Department of Agricultural Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, Kogi State Polytechnic Itakpe, Nigeria. 2Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria.
Abstract
The effect of compost manure usage on the productivity of garlic farmers was investigated in Kano state, Nigeria. The study employed a multistage sampling technique. The data collected with well structured questionnaire from 180 garlic farmers was analysed using descriptive statistics and Instrumental Variables (2SLS) Model. The results of the socio-economic characteristics of the garlic farmers showed that about 66% of the farmers are males, indicating men farm more than women in the study area. The results also revealed a mean age of 38.5 years, mean house hold size of 10 persons per household, mean farm size of 3.12 hectares and a mean garlic farming experience of 9.4 years. This implies that garlic farmers are young, youthful and agile, with average farm size, reasonable household members for family labor with good number of years into garlic farming. Result from the stage one Instrumental variables approach showed that variables such as: quantity of labor, access to credit, quantity of garlic vegetative bulbs planted, membership of farmers association, farm size and distance from farm to compost manure source were factors that influence garlic farmers usage of compost manure in the study area. Furthermore, variables such as: quantity of compost manure used, quantity of labor, and quantity of planting materials were factors that affect garlic productivity in the study area. The study concluded that the usage of compost manure increased the productivity of garlic in the study area. The need to boost extension services, access to credit and farmers membership of farm association in the form of cooperatives were recommended.
Keywords: Compost manure, Garlic, Instrumental Variables, 2SLS Model, OLS Model, Productivity.
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG LEADERSHIP STYLES, CONDITIONS OF SERVICE, HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT AND JOB PERFORMANCE IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN NORTH-CENTRAL, NIGERIA-HYPOTHETICAL APPROACH.
*MR. RILWAN OLAJIDE BAKAI; & & **DR. KATAMBA ABUBAKAR SAKA
*Federal College of Education, Kontagora, Niger State, Nigeria. **Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
Abstract
The study investigated the relationship among leadership styles, conditions of service, human capital development and job performance among personnel in ICT units of 13 public universities in North-Central Nigeria. The study was guided by three null hypotheses respectively. Descriptive survey design was used and the target population consisted of 85 personnel working in ICT units of the 13 public universities in North-Central Nigeria. Complete enumeration of 85 personnel was carried out. Structured questionnaire was used in data collection while inferential statistical tool (Pearson Product Moment Correlation) was used to test three null hypotheses respectively. Instruments were validated and pilot-tested using 10 and 20 copies of checklist and modified version of questionnaire through test-retest method and reliability coefficient of 0.87 was obtained. However, 13 copies of checklist and 85 questionnaire were administered on heads of ICT units and personnel in ICT units respectively. Out of 85 copies of questionnaire administered 65 were completed and returned in usable form for the analysis. Results showed significant relationships among leadership styles (r=0.13, P<0.05), human capital development (r=0.08, P<0.05) were rejected and conditions of service (r= -024, P>0.05) was retained. The study concluded that job performance can only be possible quality personnel management, and effective conditions of service and robust training and development programmes. The study recommended among others that the management of public universities in North-Central Nigeria should adopt styles of leadership that are democratic, transformational and transactional that will enable personnel to perform their assigned duties to expectation without reservations.
Keywords: ICT, Job performance, Libraries, Nigeria, Universities.
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE PRESENT AND FUTURE PROPSPECTS FOR ELECTRONIC PAPER
*OFUALAGBA MAMUYOVWI HELEN; & **OMAMOKE LAYEFA
*Department of Computer Science, Delta State Polytechnics Otefe, Oghara, Delta State. **Department of computer science, University of Africa Toru-orua Sagbama, Bayelsa State
Abstract
Electronic paper display techniques are ways or style in which electronic paper display devices apply to mimic the appearance of ordinary ink on paper. Electronic paper display is also called E-paper display or EPD. E-paper is capable of holding text and images indefinitely without drawing electricity or using processor power, while allowing the paper to be changed. Most importantly, the state of each pixel can be maintained without a constant supply of power. E-paper can become an essential tool for future products on a large scale as the world tend to rely more and more on technology, having lightweight devices with long battery life. From the questionnaires raised with respect to the awareness and use of E-papers, it was concluded that in the nearest future, there will be a rise in the use of E-paper and a high reduction in the use of conventional papers.
LEVERAGING ON ICTS FOR DOCUMENTING AND TRANSFERRING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE LAND USE AND WATER MANAGEMENT TO ENHANCE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IN NIGERIA.
ALIYU M.K1., GARUBA H.S2, QASIM O.A1, BALA. A1, ADAM.M.E3 & A.HARUNA1
1Department of Agricultural Extension and Economics, National Agricultural Extension and Liaison Services (NAERLS), Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. 2Department of Agricultural Engineering and Irrigation, National Agricultural Extension and Liaison Services (NAERLS), Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 3Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Federal University Gashua. Yobe State.
Abstract.
This paper will attempt to look atleveraging on ICTs for documenting and Transferring Technologies for Sustainable Land Use and Water Management towards enhancing Agricultural Productivity in Nigeria.The paper used content development and reviewed relevantliteratureson howICTs has proven to be solution driven technique, an expanding assemble of technologies that facilitate accurate documentation of information and efficient means of technology transfer. For ICTs to meet up with its future demands and strengthen efficient documentation and transfer of proven technologies for sustainable land use and water management in Nigeria, there must be a holistic drive to ensure that it is developed properly to meet with the demands and needs of the farmers. The paper expounds on the various applications of ICTs in Agricultural land use and water management which could be used to enhance agricultural productivity in the country. It also looks at the challenges on the use of ICTS and proffered some ways forward. The paper then concludes by urging on all the stake holders in the Extension delivery system in the Country to take ICT as a panacea to solve the problems bedevilling the system. The paper also made some recommendations for better performance and more efficient use of ICTs to enhance Agricultural Productivityin the Country.
Keywords: Technologies, Land use, Water management and Agricultural Productivity.
BENEFICIATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION OF AKPET 1 BARITE FOR POTENTIAL USE IN DRILLING OPERATIONS
NLEKWUWA, UCHENNA PHILIPS; & DIM PAUL
Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.
Abstract
Successful drilling relies on the properties of the drilling fluid used to drill the wells. Barite serves as a weighting agent in the production of drilling fluid. Over the years, Nigeria’s oil and gas industry has relied largely on imported barite for drilling operations, while the country has vast reserves of barite. There is a need to evaluate the properties of locally sourced barites for their suitability for drilling fluid production. Total reliance on foreign-produced barites has been the trend because of the oil firms in the nation establishing that the locally made barites are of low quality in chemical and physical properties and the quality is below American Petroleum Institute and Nigeria’s Department of Petroleum Resources barite quality standard. Therefore, this study evaluates the best physical and chemical processes to prepare locally made barites using Akpet 1 barite ore as a case study. The characterization and XRD results of the on-site barite reads 62.101% BaSO4, 15.423% of SiO2, 2.201% of Fe2O3, 5.213% of Al2O3 and other soluble salts, which after a series of beneficiation processes produced barite of 91.212% BaSO4, 1.011% SiO2, 0.414% Fe2O3, 0.751% of Al2O3. In addition, the specific gravity is 4.39, while the Mohr’s hardness scale after beneficiation is 3.25 and the pH value is 6.8. These results and the percentage increase of BaSO4 on Akpet 1 barite demonstrate that locally-made barites can be prepared to meet the international standard for drilling oil mud formulation. The number of impurities was reduced sufficiently low, and the specific gravity of the samples improved to meet the needs of any drilling operation and compare favourably with industrially accepted barite
Keywords: Akpet 1 barite ore, Beneficiation, Characterization, Leeching, Specific gravity, weighting, Drilling Fluid.
IMPACT OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN STRATEGIES ON WELLBEING: A REVIEW.
OMAGA ANGELA ELE-OJO; & LATEEF ADEMOLA LAWAL1
Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.
Abstract:
Increasing urbanization and technological development continue to have impact on people’s connection to nature and access to greenery and open spaces. Emerging from these concerns is a new set of design principles and practices where nature seems to play significant role, especially in the built environments. “Biophilic architecture.” is a design approach that suggests that humans have an innate connection with nature and could assist to create healthy living and work space for human’s comfort and wellbeing. A significant amount of literature in environmental psychology field provides empirical evidence that nature benefits humans, and that landscape and built environments can be designed to link humans and nature. The paper is aimed at providing a narrative review on biophilic design and human health outcomes. The initial review found that elements such as natural daylight, ventilation, and living architecture (green roofs and walls) which are integrated on or within a building envelope could be useful in creating well designed buildings capable of improving users’ health and well-being. To achieve the status of a restorative-built environment, the study suggests that architects and designers need to shift focus on the value and the use of natural elements such as forest-like landscapes, natural water features, and natural light in their designs.
Keywords: biophilia, biophilic design, healing environment, nature, wellbeing.
ASSESSMENT OF DOUBLE SKIN FACADE FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN HIGH-RISE OFFICE BUILDING, ABUJA.
UMA U. D.; AND ISAH A. D
Department of Architecture, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The cooling need of office buildings for adequate work efficiency and comfort in hot humid climates like that of Abuja has led to an increase in building energy consumption. In other to achieve these needs a high amount of energy has been significantly placed on the energy grid system of the city and furthermore due to the unstable supply of electricity the users of the such buildings have alternatively resorted to the use of other sources of power which is generation through the burning of fossil fuels. This has contributed in turn contributed significantly in global warming and ozone layer depletion. Building envelopes have been proven to enhance in building sustainability substantially in the aspect of energy efficiency around the globe. This study is aimed at assessing the effect of double skin façade (DSF) cavity depth and external skin material on energy efficiency in the hot humid climate of Abuja. The study employed a mixed methodology with the use of case studies and computational simulations using the quasi-experimental approach. With the use of prototype DSF models and a purposively selected case study of a typical commercial office building reference base case models were generated and energy simulations performed using Energy Plus Design Builder to obtain annual cooling load data for varying base cases with and without a DSF solution. The most optimal DSF external skin material and cavity depth combination is the Amorphous silicon (a-Si) PV-DSF with a cavity depth of 300mm which had a significant reduction in the total energy consumption. Further application of these findings on the Churchgate Tower, Abuja base case reduced the total annual cooling loads of the building. This implies that adequate selection of DSF cavity depth and envelope material would increase energy savings thereby enhancing energy efficiency. This study therefore recommends the use of the photovoltaic double skin façade as it performed well in reducing cooling loads and also provides potentials for substantial energy generation especially in high-rise buildings.
KEYWORDS: Double-skin Façade, Envelope, Energy, Efficiency.
PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS OF Salmonella AND Shigella SPECIES AMONG CHILDREN AGED 0-5YEARS WITH DIARRHEA ATTENDING GENERAL HOSPITAL MINNA, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA.
ABUBAKAR FATIMA SADDIQ; NASIRU. U. ADABARA; AND ENEJIYON SHERIFAT OZAVIZE
Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Acute diarrhea remains one of the most prevalent diseases affecting young children in developing countries such as Nigeria. The findings of this study revealed that Salmonella and Shigella sp are among some of the major agents associated with acute diarrhea in children with a combined prevalence of 9.0% (Salmonella had a prevalence rate of 7.1% of the cases whereas Shigella accounted for a prevalence of 1.9%). Sensitivity test of the selected Shigella and Salmonella species against some antibiotics showed 100% sensitivity to Azithromycin while also being sensitive to Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, Cefuroxime, Augmentin and Gentamicin. 100% resistance was observed to Tetracycline and Ampicillin while also being resistant to Metronidazole and Trimethoprim-sulfamethozaxole. Proper environmental cleanliness, good personal hygiene and proper balance diet is recommended for children as well as antibiotics such as Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone should be used in treatment of acute diarrhea caused by Salmonella and Shigella sp.
Keywords: diarrhea, Salmonella, Shigella, antibiotics, and resistance
APPLICATION OF BIOCLIMATIC ARCHITECTURE IN MINIMIZING ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN OFFICE BUILDINGS: A CASE STUDY OF U.S EMBASSY NIAMEY, NIGER REPUBLIC.
HASSANE ADAMOU ABDOUL; & NASSER AND ISAH A. D.
Department of Architecture, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
Abstract
Energy remains the principal driving force for both economic and industrial developments of all nations of the world which has resulted in a rapid increase in the discussion regards building energy consumption which is largely influenced by the significant impacts these buildings have on the world’s energy resources and the physical environment. Bioclimatic design is a unique edifice design made suitable to the physical, socio-economic and cultural environment and takes into consideration the weather and environmental features of the building, promotes improved comfort and reduced energy consumption. Regions including US, UK, Hong Kong and China, conducted researches that points to the fact that office buildings and commercial buildings account for a large amount of energy consumed with office building consuming more energy compared to other building types. Niger Republic has one of the lowest consumptions of electricity in the world, with only 14.3% of Nigeriens having access to the grid and even those with a connection suffer from frequent brownouts and blackouts resulting in a great dependence on fossil fuel even with a great potential for renewable solar energy. This has created a need for a net zero energy system with its primary power source been solar power. The aim of this research is to evaluate bioclimatic principles application in office buildings to minimize energy used for lighting and cooling. To achieve the aim, the primary areas in the office building that consumes energy more were determined, bioclimatic principles that can minimize energy used in heating and cooling were also determined and finally application of these bioclimatic strategies were assessed. The quantitative research approach was used with case studies carried out. The case studies conducted were assessed based on Building orientation, building form factor, compactness ratio, floor to ceiling height, transparency ratio, U value of wall, U value of glazing, depth of shading device. It was discovered that building orientation, building envelope plays a significant role in minimizing energy used in office building as they have a direct link with the mesoclimate of Niamey. Majority of the office buildings in Niamey region were constructed without applying these bioclimatic principles. The research recommends a switch to renewable energy source as a primary energy source as well as properly orienting the office buildings so as to harness the solar heat gain from the sun. Heavy weight materials are good in maintaining heat gain and loss in building design as against light weight.
Keywords: bioclimatic principles, energy minimization, renewable energy, net zero energy system
INFORMATION RESOURCES ACQUISITION AND UTILISATION AS CORRELATES OF ENHANCED LEARNING ABILITY OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD) IN NORTH-CENTRAL, NIGERIA
DANIEL JORO; & DR. S. A. ONWUKANJO
Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
Abstract
The study investigated information resources acquisition and utilisation as correlates of enhanced learning ability of secondary school students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in North-central, Nigeria. The research was guided by three (3) research questions and four (4) research hypotheses. Total enumeration research design was adopted for the study. The target population of the study was one hundred and one (101) teachers as the respondents from nine (9) Autistic schools in North-central, Nigeria. Split half Pilot study was conducted in three (3) different Autistic schools with thirty (30) copies of questionnaire being administered for reliability test, Cronbach Alpha formular was used to validate the research instrument and 0.87 was obtained depicting that the instrument was reliable to be used. The data collection instrument used for this study was structured questionnaire. One hundred and one (101) copies of the questionnaire were distributed in nine (9) Autistic schools but only eighty five (85) copies of the questionnaire were filled correctly, returned and were found useable for the analysis. Descriptive statistic, inferential statistics of Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and multiple regressions were used to analyse the data. The null hypotheses formulated to guide the study were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The result showed significant relationship between acquisition of information resources and enhanced learning ability of students with ASD (r = 0.397, P<0.05) was positively skewed, indicating a very low relationship and the hypotheses were rejected. The result showed significant relationship between information resources utilisation and enhanced learning ability of students with ASD (r = 0.189, P<0.05) was positively skewed, indicating a very low relationship and the hypotheses were rejected. The study concluded that information resources acquisition and utilisation utilisation improves the learning ability of ASD students. The study recommended that government, educational institutions, school libraries and non-governmental organisation should regularly collaborate to create awareness about autism and support autistic students morally and financially to ensure the children with autism reach their full potentials because some of the autistic children could possess savant skills.
Keywords: Acquisition of Information resources, Utilisation, Learning Ability, Cognitive skills, School Library
IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON WATER SUPPLY IN KADUNA METROPOLIS, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA.
1MUHAMMAD LAWAL UBALE; AND 2ONOJA BENJAMIN UFEDO
1Department of Urban and Regional Planning, College of Environmental studies, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna Nigeria. 2Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Nigerian Defence Academy Post Graduate School, Ribadu Campus, NDA, Kaduna , Nigeria.
Abstract:
This paper examined the impact of urbanization on water supply in Kaduna metropolis, with a view to generating population and urban growth data over the years. The study employed the use of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS). Data used include: Landsat Imagery of 1973, 1990, 2012 and 2022. The data was used to determine the rate of growth within the study area and its impact on water supply to the study area. The study revealed that, the water supplied to Kaduna metropolis remained at 18,400,089 l/c/d; while the population drastically changed from 191,898 people to 3,046,000 people from 1973 to 2022. The study concluded that, Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) to be applied in monitoring changes in population and the rapid growth of Kaduna metropolis. The study recommended that, the Kaduna State Water Corporation (KASWAC) is to apply current global technology of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) in providing adequate water supply to Kaduna metropolis at any given time.
Keyword: Urbanization, Water Supply, Remote Sensing (RS), Geographical Information Service (GIS).
SYNOPSIS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF LARGE HYDROELECTRIC POWER DAMS
YEKINI SUBERU MOHAMMED1, AND ABDULLAHI AL-HASSAN AHMED2
1Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering Technology,
School of Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. 2Department of Estate Management, School of Environmental Studies, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Abstract
The entire world has tremendously relied on power generation through the technologies of fossil fuel consumption for many decades. From an environmental perspective, the scenario of excessive combustion of fossil fuels has critically affected the global warming potential. Increasing global warming potential is against the context of sustainable development. Therefore, increasing efforts toward the deployment of renewable and sustainable energy technologies such as solar energy, wind turbine, hydropower, geothermal, and biomass have been a focus of global energy stakeholders. The current developmental stride of the global hydropower projects is fast growing meanwhile efforts towards the mitigation against climate change scenario are also encouraged to be improved. The present situation around the world is that there is growing advocacy for sustainable development that involves taking actions for the mitigation of activities with consequential environmental impacts. The construction and operation of hydropower systems have some negative environmental impacts at different stages of construction and operation, therefore early project planning stage must identify and define clearly all the possible environmental mitigation efforts. Carbon emissions are produced during the construction of hydropower dams while there is also the possibility of destruction of the ecosystem resulting from modification of the existing natural landscape and natural water flow regimes. Therefore, this paper presents a review of the environmental impacts of large hydropower dams. It also highlights the core benefits of hydropower systems as a renewable energy technology and the study concludes with some suggested mitigation actions against the identified environmental challenges presented in the study.
Keywords: Hydropower; Environment; Emission; Dam; Renewable energy; Sustainable development
DEVELOPMENT OF INDIGENOUS VEGETABLE LEAF (AMARANTUS HYBRIDUS) SLICING MACHINE
AARON J.ZIRA1, ADAMU M.BARKA2 AND JONES,N.D3
1,3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State. 2Deparpment of Agric & Bio-Environmental Engineering, Federal polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State.
ABSTRACT:
A vegetable leaf slicing machine was designed and fabricated using the locally available material to easy the hygienic slicing of vegetable leaf material and for prevention of injuries associated with manual process of using knife for the same purpose. The functional parts of the machine consists of operating handle, cutting blade assembly, cutter housing and a rotating shaft. The machine was tested with a slicing rate of 150 kg leafy vegetable per hour and an efficiency of 92 %.the result shows that the developed machine can be used for domestic and commercial purposes.
Key words: Vegetable leaf, Slicing, hygienic, Injuries
COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE DENATURING VEGETABLES OILS DURING FRYING
*MUSA N.U. ²USMAN M., ³IBRAHIM M.N., ⁴ABDULLAHI M.A., ⁵MUSA H.U., ⁶ABDULSAMAD I.,
1&2Department of Science Laboratory Technology, the Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, P. M. B. 0231, Bauchi –Nigeria. ³Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Kaltungo, Gombe State Nigeria. ⁴Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences Azare, Bauchi State Nigeria. ⁵Adamu Tafawa Balewa College of Education Kangere, Bauchi state- Nigeria. ⁶Department of Chemical Science, Federal University of Kashere, Gombe State Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Vegetable oils are popular cooking medium in many parts of the world. Despite problems related to the intake of excessive calories and health concerns regarding the ingestion of trans-fatty acids, the flavor and texture of fried food continue to be greatly appreciated. The result of the rate of change of the various chemical parameters with increasing temperature of the fried sample were recorded, the refractive index has the highest value of (1.477-1.495 ml/g) in palm oil, soybean oil (1.482- 1.492 ml/g) which is found to be moderate, but lowest in peanut oil with the value of (1.463-1.477 ml/g). The acid value in palm oil (2.7377-6.0619ml) which is the highest, then peanut oil (1.2000-3.490ml) and lowest in soybean oil (1.1732-2.8940ml). The peroxide value in palm oil is (4.613-9.0844ml/g) which also showed the highest value, then peanuts oil with the value of (3.7406- 7.4813ml/g) but was found to be lowest in Soybean oil which is (3.1172-5.7000ml/g). The iodine value was highest (12.0178-13.7879ml/g) in soybean oil, then palm oil with values of (10.669-13.6481ml/g) and lowest (10.3409-12.5768ml/g) in peanut oil. The changes in chemical properties of the oils after heating has provided a clue to the deteriorative effects, at high temperature in the oil sample and this shows that soybeans oil have better resistivity to temperature than peanuts oils and palm oils. According to the result obtained, soybeans oil has higher nutritive value even at higher temperature over the palm and peanut oil. Soybeans oil should be encouraged to be used in food processing that requires frying at higher temperature.
ASSESSMENT OF VALUERS HEURISTICS APPLICATION IN VALUATION PRACTICE IN SELECTED STATES IN NORTHERN NIGERIA.
OKOH, SUNDAY OKUOMA1, KEMIKI, OLUROTIMI ADEBOWALE2, AJAYI, MICHAEL TOLU2, ANKELI, IKPEME ANTHONY3
1Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Federal Polytechnic Bida. 2Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Federal University of Technology, Minna. 3Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Federal Polytechnic, Ede.
Abstract
Emphasis on heuristics in valuation have been on anchoring and adjustment with little attention accorded the other types of heuristic valuation. The crux of the study is therefore to assessed the degree of the application of the other types of heuristics in practice in Kaduna and Kano states, Nigeria with a view to determine heuristics influence in valuation practice in the study areas. To achieve the aim, the study adopted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 59 out of 75 and 43 out of 45 estate surveying and valuation firms in the metropolitan cities of Kaduna and Kano respectively. Each of the metropolis was stratified into zones for ease of administrative coverage from where the respondents were randomly selected. Both inferential and descriptive statistical tools were employed in the analysis of data. The study found the applications of other heuristics valuation by Valuers at varying degree in Kaduna and Kano beside anchoring and adjustment. Relative Occurrence Index revealed that there are significant influences of valuers’ heuristic behaviour on valuation estimates. In addition, coefficient of determination showed that 68.5% and 83.5% of the variations in valuation estimates in Kaduna and Kano are attributable to valuers’ heuristic behaviour. It therefore recommended the need for adequate and proper market survey strategy, comprehensive and up to date property data bank, contemporary valuation methods and techniques, regular refresher courses and pupilage training and the adherence to professional ethics and code of conduct among others.
Keywords: Valuer, Heuristics, Valuation Practice, Anchoring and Adjustment
ASSESSING THE PROSPECTIVITY OF THE AJOUKUTA – KADUNA – KANO NATURAL GAS PIPELINE
MUHKTAR HABIB1; LAMIDO SANI INUWA1; AND ABUBAKAR TANKO2
1Department of Petroleum and Gas Processing Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic, Nigeria. 2Department of Mineral and Petroleum Resources Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The aim of this investigation is to justify the development of the Ajaokuta-Kaduna-Kano (AKK) Gas Pipeline within the federal republic of Nigeria. The project entails the construction and operation of a 614km Ajaokuta-Abuja-Kaduna-Kano 40’’ Natural Gas Pipeline. The proposed pipeline will be provided with pipeline quality gas sourced from numerous gas gathering projects in the southern region of Nigeria, at a minimum pressure of 1,000 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) at the Ajaokuta tie-in, and delivered to Kano also at a minimum pressure of 1,000 psig. The long-term objective of the project is to provide gas to Europe, in view of the supply deficits following the Russia-Ukraine unrest, through the Trans-Saharan Gas Pipeline (TSGP) project. The TSGP upon completion, will provides a golden opportunity for Nigeria to exploit her gas potentials and utilize its gas resources to enable her earn as much revenue from it as it is earning from oil. Moreso, this will enable Nigeria meet her nagging domestic gas utilization needs; eliminate gas flaring and in the long run assist the nation meet global greenhouse gases/climate change policy requirements. Taking into account the scenarios presented above, there is an obvious need for Nigeria to promptly harness its enormous gas resources to (a) enhance its electricity generation; (b) stimulate its comatose industries (c) improve domestic use of gas and (d) boost its natural gas export and by extension its GDP. It is therefore believed by this research, that the proposed Ajaokuta-Abuja-Kaduna-Kano Gas Pipeline Project is an additional stride within the Nigerian government policy as it will facilitate and ensure effective gas supply network in the North and South of Nigeria as well as moderate the environmental impact linked with gas flaring.
Keywords: Ajaokuta, Kaduna, Kano, Natural Gas, Pipeline, Nigeria
ESTIMATING FACTORS AFFECTING USAGE OF POULTRY MANURE TECHNOLOGY AMONG GINGER FARMERS IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA – USING ORDERED LOGIT MODEL
AJAKAIYE O.B1, OPALUWA, H.I2 , IBRAHIM, M.K2.
1Department of Agricultural Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, Kogi State Polytechnics, Itakpe, Nigeria. 2Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria.
Abstract
The factors affecting the usage of poultry manure technology among ginger farmers was estimated in Kaduna state, Nigeria. The study used purposive random sampling technique to collect data from 120 ginger farmers with well structured questionnaire. The data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and Ordered Logit Regression Model. The results showed that 58.33% and 41.67% were female and male ginger farmers. The results also showed that 70.83% of the ginger farmers had no formal education indicating that uneducated females were the predominant ginger farmers in the study area. The mean values for age of the farmers, household size, farm size and farming experience were 41 years, 8 persons, 7 hectares and 8 years of farming ginger respectively. The ordered Logit Regression Model results revealed that variables such as: age of ginger farmers, household size, farming experience, farm size, membership of farmers association, access to credit, access to fertilizer and farm income were factors that affect poultry manure usage among ginger farmers in the study area. The study recommended encouragement of productive and sustainable farming by ginger farmers through improvement of poultry manure technology, and provision of farming inputs coupled with training of ginger farmers through extension services.
Keywords: Ordered Logit, Poultry Manure, Ginger, Kaduna, Purposive random sampling
ISSUES OF UNMARRIED COHABITATION AMONG HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS
ADEYEMO, S.O1, 2; OFOMATA, A.I.O. (MRS)1, DURUOJINKEYA PRISCA (MRS)1
Maths and Statistics Department, Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
Abstract
This study examined the issues of unmarried cohabitation among higher institution students in Nigeria. Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Imo State was used as a case study. The study aimed at determining incidence of cohabitation, the demographic predictors of cohabitation among the students, the factors responsible for cohabitation among the students, the attitude of students towards cohabitation among the students as well as the effects of cohabitation on academic performances of the students. A structured questionnaire was administered for the purpose of data collection. A sample of five hundred (500) students was randomly selected from the six schools/faculties of the institution. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics with the aid of SPSS. The study revealed that cohabitation among student is persistently high, cohabitation is common among ND2 and HND1 students; female students were more open to talk about their cohabitation status. Reasons students cohabit include lack of finances, accommodation challenges, peer influence, sexual satisfaction and intimacy. The study concluded that there is a decline in the academic performance of students while cohabiting. Students are also aware of the dangers of cohabitation and are intentional about it.
PRODUCTION AND PARTIAL PURIFICATION OF PROTEASE FROM BACILLUS SUBTILIS FOR DEHAIRING OF ANIMAL SKIN
ABRAHAM U.S AND ABIOYE O.P
Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State Nigeria
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of deharing of animal skin by protease from Bacillus subtilis. The screening and isolation of bacteria was carried out on soil samples collected from chicken littered soil within Kure Market Minna. The isolates were positive on skim milk agar after screening and were selected as protease producing strain. Various biochemical tests and a confirmatory molecular test were carried out on the organisms and identified as Bacillus subtilis. Crude protease was produced from the identified Bacillus subtilis KM5B through submerged fermentation in a basal medium and incubated at 25° to 45°C for 72 hours at pH ranging from 6.0 to 10.0. The crude protease was optimized for temperature, pH, incubation time, carbon and nitrogenous sources with optimum production at 35°C, pH 8 for 72 hours in glucose and peptone respectively with an enzyme activity of 123.2U/ml. The harvested protease was partially purified by Ammonium sulphate precipitation method followed by centrifugation and later applied on some selected animal skin for ease of depilation. This study showed that Bacillus subtilis is a good producer of protease which is effective for dehairing and a potential technology for application by local tanneries in Nigeria to improve leather quality without environmental pollution.
Keywords: Protease, Bacillus subtilis, purification, dehairing, pollution
AN OVERVIEW OF THE ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS AND PEACE PROCESS IN NORTH EASTERN NIGERIA.
JABIR MUHAMMAD; AND MUKHTAR USMAN LIMAN
Department of Social Science, College of Administrative Studies and Social Science, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna.
Abstract
The paper overviewed the role of non-governmental organization and peace process in north estern Nigeria. The objectives of the paper is anchored on thus: examining the causes of humanitarian disaster in North East Nigeria; evaluating the effects of humanitarian disaster situation in North East Nigeria; examining the roles of non-governmental organisations in humanitarian disaster relief in North East Nigeria; and examining the challenges posed to non-governmental organisations in humanitarian disaster relief in North East Nigeria. The study adopted the system’s theory in order to have a better grasp of the assessment of the roles of NGOs in Humanitarian disaster relief in North East Nigeria. The study majorly finds that the Nigeria Displacement on a large scale has been identified as one of the leading effects of humanitarian disaster in the North East (18.53 per cent of the responses in table 6). According to the statistical analysis conducted by the IOM and the NEMA as of August 2016, a total of 1,878,205 IDPs have been displaced by the insurgency in the Northeast. The majority of IDPs are currently residing in Borno with a population of about 1,446,829, Adamawa with a population of about 163,559, and Yobe 135,442 displaced persons in the camps (IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix, 2016). The study concluded that the majority of the IDPS in the North East have been displaced because of insurgency, with some few people forced to leave their homes because of drought and famine. In Yola, all the IDPs were displaced as a result of the Boko Haram insurgency, while in other North Eastern states such as Bauchi and Taraba, many of the IDP population were displaced as a result of communal clashes. The high proposition of IDPs in Bauchi are mainly from the middle belt region.
Keywords: Overview, Non-Governmental Organisations, Peace, Process, North Eastern Nigeria.
ASSESSMENT OF THE CHALLENGES OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN KARU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NASARAWA STATE
1JAMES JOSEPH; 2MUHAMMAD LAWAL ABUBAKAR; & 3 MANSUR BELLO
1 Department of Development Control, Abuja Metropolitan Management Council, FCT Abuja 2&3 Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna
Abstract
The study was on Assessment of the Challenges of Internally Displaced Persons in Karu Local Government Area of Nasarawa State. This study aimed at examining the demographic characteristics of the Internally Displaced Persons, their existing situation, and challenges with a view to proffer appropriate solutions for improvement in the study area. The methodology used in this research was qualitative and quantitative methods, the population of the study comprised of IDPs camps in the study area. The population figure is 4,101. The sample-size for the study was 351. Systematic sampling technique was used. Structured questionnaire was designed by the researchers for data collection. Observation and oral interview were conducted through reconnaissance surveys in which the researchers observe events visibly such as nature of drainages system, waste collection and disposal and so on. Mean statistic was used for data analysis. The result of the study revealed that non-integration of IDPs in the study area are negative externalities found within the IDPs camps ranging from makeshift shelters, poor environmental sanitation, out of school children, lack of potable water, lack of national grids, fear of attacks due lack of security personnel, lack of healthcare center, including the road linking the community which is inaccessible. Therefore, proactive measures were proffered for improvement in the study.
Keywords: Assessment, Displaced persons, Refugees, Camp, Shelter